Digital Commons Network^™

Predictors Of Potentially Suboptimal Treatment Of Urinary Tract Infections In Long-Term Care Facilities, Haley J. Appaneal, R. Caffrey, Vrishali V. Lopes, Vincent Mor, David M. Dosa, Kerry L. Laplante, Theresa I. Shireman

Pharmacy Practice and Clinical Research Faculty Publications

Background: Suboptimal antibiotic treatment of urinary tract infection (UTI) is high in long-term care facilities (LTCFs) and likely varies between facilities. Large-scale evaluations have not been conducted.

Aim: To identify facility-level predictors of potentially suboptimal treatment of UTI in Veterans Affairs (VA) LTCFs and to quantify variation across facilities.

Methods: This was a retrospective cohort study of 21,938 residents in 120 VA LTCFs (2013–2018) known as Community Living Centers (CLCs). Potentially suboptimal treatment was assessed from drug choice, dose frequency, and/or treatment duration. To identify facility characteristics predictive of suboptimal UTI treatment, LTCFs with higher and lower rates of suboptimal …

Advances In Lipid-Based Nanoparticles For Cancer Chemoimmunotherapy, Tianqi Wang, Yusuke Suite, Saradha Miriyala, Jordan Dean, Nikos Tapinos, Jie Shen

Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences Faculty Publications

Nanomedicines have shown great potential in cancer therapy; in particular, the combination of chemotherapy and immunotherapy (namely chemoimmunotherapy) that is revolutionizing cancer treatment. Currently, most nanomedicines for chemoimmunotherapy are still in preclinical and clinical trials. Lipid-based nanoparticles, the most widely used nanomedicine platform in cancer therapy, is a promising delivery platform for chemoimmunotherapy. In this review, we introduce the commonly used immunotherapy agents and discuss the opportunities for chemoimmunotherapy mediated by lipid-based nanoparticles. We summarize the clinical trials involving lipid-based nanoparticles for chemoimmunotherapy. We also highlight different chemoimmunotherapy strategies based on lipid-based nanoparticles such as liposomes, nanodiscs, and lipid-based hybrid …

Self-Adjuvanted Virus-Like Particle For Safe And Highly Immunogenic Vaccination, Yiwen Zhao

Open Access Dissertations

Vaccination is one of the most outstanding inventions in medical history and has made significant contributions to prevent various types of infectious diseases. Once highly fatal disease, smallpox, was eradicated in 1980 after decades of vaccination effort. Mounting evidence also supports vaccination as the most effective way to control the recent outbreak of COVID-19.

Different types of vaccines have been developed from the early inactivated and live-attenuated vaccines to recent subunit vaccines, and to recent emerging nucleic acid-based vaccines that vary in vaccine immunogenicity and safety. Subunit vaccines are attractive vaccine types due to its good safety profiles, flexible design, …

Program Development Using Intervention Mapping In Primary Healthcare Settings To Address Elder Abuse: A Randomized Controlled Pilot Study, Sonia Oveisi, Lynda A. Stein, Forozan Olfati, Shima Jahed

Psychology Faculty Publications

Background: Abuse of elderly women is of great concern and yet relatively little is known about interventions.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to develop and test a culturally informed treatment, based on Intervention Mapping (IM), for primary healthcare settings. The intervention targets family members of elderly women and seeks to reduce elder abuse.

Methods: N = 80 family members of elderly women were randomized to intervention or control. Elderly women completed assessment prior to randomization. Elder abuse was measured by self-reported frequency of neglect, physical, psychological, and financial abuse in the last 2 months across 16 items. Intervention …

Poor Clinical Outcomes Associated With Suboptimal Antibiotic Treatment Among Older Long-Term Care Facility Residents With Urinary Tract Infection: A Retrospective Cohort Study, Haley J. Appaneal, I. Shireman, Vrishali V. Lopes, Vincent Mor, David M. Dosa, Kerry L. Laplante, Aisling R. Caffrey

Pharmacy Practice and Clinical Research Faculty Publications

Background: Antibiotic use is associated with several antibiotic-related harms in vulnerable, older long-term care (LTC) residents. Suboptimal antibiotic use may also be associated with harms but has not yet been investigated. The aim of this work was to compare rates of poor clinical outcomes among LTC residents with UTI receiving suboptimal versus optimal antibiotic treatment.

Methods: We conducted a retrospective cohort study among residents with an incident urinary tract infection (UTI) treated in Veterans Affairs LTC units (2013–2018). Potentially suboptimal antibiotic treatment was defined as use of a suboptimal initial antibiotic drug choice, dose frequency, and/or excessive treatment duration. The …

The Art And Science Of Drug Titration, Aisling R. Caffrey, P. Borrelli

Pharmacy Practice and Clinical Research Faculty Publications

A “one-size-fits-all” approach has been the standard for drug dosing, in particular for agents with a wide therapeutic index. The scientific principles of drug titration, most commonly used for medications with a narrow therapeutic index, are to give the patient adequate and effective treatment, at the lowest dose possible, with the aim of minimizing unnecessary medication use and side effects. The art of drug titration involves the interplay of scientific drug titration principles with the clinical expertise of the healthcare provider, and an individualized, patient-centered partnership between the provider and the patient to review the delicate balance of perceived benefits …

Functional Consequences Of Apoptosis Gene Diversification In Eastern Oyster Immunity, Erin Michele Witkop

Open Access Dissertations

The eastern oyster is an ecologically and economically important filter feeding bivalve mollusc endemic to the east coast of the United States. Outbreaks of disease, such as Dermo disease caused by the parasite Perkinsus marinus, threaten natural oyster populations, and oysters have evolved a complex innate immune system containing large, expanded gene families to combat the diverse array of pathogens in their environment. Apoptosis, or programmed cell death, is a critical immune response to Dermo disease involving a series of expanded gene families, including the Inhibitor of Apoptosis (IAP) family of apoptosis regulatory molecules. The goal of this research is …

Advances In Lipid-Based Nanoparticles For Cancer Chemoimmunotherapy, Tianqi Wang, Yusuke Suita, Saradha Miriyala, Jordan Dean, Nikos Tapinos, Jie Shen

Chemical, Biomolecular, and Materials Engineering Faculty Publications

Nanomedicines have shown great potential in cancer therapy; in particular, the combination of chemotherapy and immunotherapy (namely chemoimmunotherapy) that is revolutionizing cancer treatment. Currently, most nanomedicines for chemoimmunotherapy are still in preclinical and clinical trials. Lipid-based nanoparticles, the most widely used nanomedicine platform in cancer therapy, is a promising delivery platform for chemoimmunotherapy. In this review, we introduce the commonly used immunotherapy agents and discuss the opportunities for chemoimmunotherapy mediated by lipid-based nanoparticles. We summarize the clinical trials involving lipid-based nanoparticles for chemoimmunotherapy. We also highlight different chemoimmunotherapy strategies based on lipid-based nanoparticles such as liposomes, nanodiscs, and lipid-based hybrid …

Entomological Risk Assessment For Dengue Virus Transmission During 2016-2020 In Kamphaeng Phet, Thailand, Thanyalak Fansiri, Darunee Buddhari, Nattaphol Pathawong, Arissara Pongsiri, Chonticha Klungthong, Sopon Iamsirithaworn, Anthony R. Jones, Stefan Fernandez, Anon Srikiatkhachorn, Alan L. Rothman, Kathryn B. Anderson, Stephen J. Thomas, Timothy P. Endy, Alongkot Ponlawat

Institute for Immunology and Informatics Faculty Publications

Individual houses with high risks of dengue virus (DENV) transmission might be a source of virus transmission within the neighborhood. We conducted an entomological risk assessment for DENV transmission at the household level, comprising family cohort members residing in the same location, to assess the risk for dengue virus transmitted by mosquito vectors. The studies were conducted in Kamphaeng Phet Province, Thailand, during 2016–2020. Entomological investigations were performed in 35 cohort families on day 1 and day 14 after receiving dengue case reports. DENV was found in 22 Aedes samples (4.9%) out of 451 tested samples. A significantly higher DENV …

Pharmacist-Administered Pediatric Influenza Vaccination In The United States, Dana M. Gates

Open Access Dissertations

One of the ten greatest public health achievements of the 20th century is the control of infectious diseases from vaccination according to the Centers for Disease Control and prevention (CDC). It is recommended by the CDC and the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) that everyone 6 months and older should receive an annual influenza vaccination. The influenza vaccine is a safe and effective way to prevent the influenza infection and subsequent complications, which is particularly important in children because it has been shown to reduce influenza illness in older adults. Currently, the United States utilizes the National Immunization Survey …

A New Paraprobiotic-Based Treatment For Control Of Haemonchus Contortus In Sheep, John Sanders, Yue Xie, David Gazzola, Hanchen Li, Ambily Abraham, Kelly Flanagan, Florentina Rus, Melanie Miller, Yan Hu, Sierra Guynn, Austin Draper, Sridhar Vakalapudi, Katherine Petersson, Dante Zarlenga, Robert W. Li, Joseph F. Urban Jr., Gary R. Ostroff, Anne Zajac, Raffi V. Aroian

Fisheries, Animal and Veterinary Sciences Faculty Publications

Haemonchus contortus is a critical parasite of goats and sheep. Infection by this blood-feeding gastrointestinal nematode (GIN) parasite has significant health consequences, especially in lambs and kids. The parasite has developed resistance to virtually all known classes of small molecule anthelmintics used to treat it, giving rise in some areas to multidrug resistant parasites that are very difficult to control. Thus, new anthelmintics are urgently needed. Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) crystal protein 5B (Cry5B), a naturally occurring protein made by a bacterium widely and safely used around the world as a bioinsecticide, represents a new non-small molecule modality for treating GINs. …

Science-Based Communication To Decrease Disparities In Adult Pneumococcal Vaccination Rates, Brian S. Krueger, L. Hutchison, Emily C. Bodo, Kelly K. Orr, Jennifer Deangelis, Aisling R. Caffrey, Kerry L. Laplante

Pharmacy Practice and Clinical Research Faculty Publications

Objectives: The objective of our study was to determine the effects of science-based communications on the attitude toward pneumococcal vaccination and understand how nonwhite racial and ethnic populations respond to these messages. Design: Our team tested several science-based communications using a nationally representative survey, and validated them in a local community pharmacy as a field experiment. Setting and participants: The nationally representative sample phase was a survey of 3276 participants, conducted by YouGov, a leading online survey firm. The field experiment was conducted at a community pharmacy in the northeastern United States and included 86 participants. Outcome measures: In the …

Racial Disparities In Medication Use: Imperatives For Managed Care Pharmacy, Stephen J. Kogut

Pharmacy Practice and Clinical Research Faculty Publications

The COVID-19 pandemic and the social unrest pervading U.S. cities in response to the killings of George Floyd and other Black citizens at the hands of police are historically significant. These events exemplify dismaying truths about race and equality in the United States.

Racial health disparities are an inexcusable lesion on the U.S. health care system. Many health disparities involve medications, including antidepressants, anticoagulants, diabetes medications, drugs for dementia, and statins, to name a few. Managed care pharmacy has a role in perpetuating racial disparities in medication use. For example, pharmacy benefit designs are increasingly shifting costs of expensive medications …

Apoe-Modified Liposomes Mediate The Antitumour Effect Of Survivin Promoter-Driven Hsvtk In Hepatocellular Carcinoma, Xiuli Mu, Xi Wang, Yan Wei, Chaochao Wen, Qi Zhang, Chunyang Xu, Chang Liu, Chan Zhang, Fanxiu Meng, Na Zhao, Tao Gong, Rui Guo, Gongqin Sun, Gaopeng Li, Hongwei Zhang, Qin Qin, Jun Xu, Xiushan Dong, Lumei Wang, Baofeng Yu

Cell and Molecular Biology Faculty Publications

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a prevalent malignant tumour with high global morbidity and mortality associated with its multiple aetiologies, poor prognosis, resistance to chemotherapeutic drugs and high rate of recurrence. Here, we evaluated a gene therapy strategy that targets HCC using the herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase/ganciclovir (HSVtk/GCV) suicide gene system in HCC cell lines and in an in vivo human HCC xenograft mouse model. Apolipoprotein E (ApoE)-modified liposomes were used for targeted gene delivery to the tumour tissue, and the survivin promoter was used to drive HSVtk expression in HCC cells. Our results showed that the survivin promoter was …

The Body In Isolation: The Physical Health Impacts Of Incarceration In Solitary Confinement, Justin D. Strong, Keramet Reiter, Gabriela Gonzalez, Rebecca Tublitz, Dallas Augustine, Melissa Barragan, Kelsie Chesnut, Pasha Dashtgard, Natalie Pifer, Thomas R. Blair

Criminology and Criminal Justice Faculty Publications

We examine how solitary confinement correlates with self-reported adverse physical health outcomes, and how such outcomes extend the understanding of the health disparities associated with incarceration. Using a mixed methods approach, we find that solitary confinement is associated not just with mental, but also with physical health problems. Given the disproportionate use of solitary among incarcerated people of color, these symptoms are most likely to affect those populations. Drawing from a random sample of prisoners (n = 106) in long-term solitary confinement in the Washington State Department of Corrections in 2017, we conducted semi-structured, in-depth interviews; Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale …

‘Coronated’ Consumption In The Viral Market, Soonkwan Hong

Markets, Globalization & Development Review

The universal exposure to the virus has disrupted institutions, redefined values, and reshaped systems, including the market. Idling, uncertainty, and liquidity encapsulate the ever-precarious individual lives and the reflexive socio-politico-cultural changes. These conditions and consequences nonetheless create paradoxical opportunities in the viral market. The new meaning of connectivity that promotes high-viscosity relationships and high-visibility identities will transform the market to better acknowledge and support humans and the new sociality.

T Lymphocyte Responses To Flaviviruses — Diverse Cell Populations Affect Tendency Toward Protection And Disease, Luis Alberto Sanchez Vargas, Anuja Mathew, Alan L. Rothman

Cell and Molecular Biology Faculty Publications

Dengue virus (DENV), Yellow Fever virus, West Nile virus, Japanese encephalitis virus and Zika virus are medically important flaviviruses transmitted to humans by mosquitoes and circulate in overlapping geographic areas. Cross-reactive immune responses have been demonstrated among the flaviviruses, particularly the four DENV serotypes. The immunological imprint left by a flavivirus infection can therefore have profound effects on the responses to subsequent infections. In this review we summarize recent research focusing on T cell responses to DENV using clinical samples from prospective cohort studies in Asia. These data suggest that durability of different T cell populations after …

Prostitution During The Pandemic: Findings Show Need For Nordic Model, Debra K. Boyer

Dignity: A Journal of Analysis of Exploitation and Violence

The impact of COVID-19 on sexually exploited individuals provides an opportunity to advance the Nordic Model approach and create lasting change. Although subject to gender-based violence and denied safety net services, commercially sexually exploited women are seldom seen as a “vulnerable” group in the pandemic. Interviews from social service agencies in Seattle, Washington show women are experiencing more physical and sexual violence from sex buyers and women who have exited prostitution are finding their stability and security in jeopardy. Advocates can make the case to address disparities with safety net guarantees and structural change with the adoption of the Nordic …

Alma Link Resolver Title & Issn Report (Top 500) 2019-2020, Andrée J. Rathemacher

Technical Services Reports and Statistics

Statistics for 2019-2020 on the total number of OpenURL requests by journal title and ISSN made to the Ex Libris Alma link resolver for items held by the University of Rhode Island Libraries. Includes only the top 500 journals.

Information provided includes journal Title, ISSN, EISSN, Number of Requests, Number of Clicked Requests, % Clicks from Requests.

Measuring Health Related Quality Of Life For Dengue Patients In Iquitos, Peru, William H. Elson, Amy R. Riley-Powell, Amy C. Morrison, Esther E. Gotlieb, Erik J. Groessl, Jhonny J. Cordova, J. Esther Rios, W. Lorena Quiroz, Alfonso S. Vizcarra, Robert C. Reiner, Christopher M. Barker, Gonzalo M. Vazquez-Prokopec, Thomas W. Scott, Alan L. Rothman, John P. Elder, Valerie A. Paz-Soldan

Cell and Molecular Biology Faculty Publications

Previous studies measuring the health-related quality of life (HRQoL) of individuals with dengue focused on treatment seeking populations. However, the vast majority of global dengue cases are unlikely to be detected by health systems. Representative measurements of HRQoL should therefore include patients with disease not likely to trigger treatment-seeking behavior. This study based in Iquitos, Peru used the Quality of Wellbeing Scale-Self Administered, a survey that enquires about not only physical health, but also psychological health, self-care, mobility, and usual social activities, and rates HRQoL between 0 (death) and 1 (optimum function), to evaluate the impact of dengue on HRQoL. …

An Innovative, Prospective, Hybrid Cohort-Cluster Study Design To Characterize Dengue Virus Transmission In Multigenerational Households In Kamphaeng Phet, Thailand, Kathryn B. Anderson, Darunee Buddhari, Anon Srikiatkhachorn, Gregory D. Gromowski, Sopon Iamsirithaworn, Alden L. Weg, Damon W. Ellison, Louis Macareo, Derek A T Cummings, In-Kyu Yoon, Ananda Nisalak, Alongkot Ponlawat, Stephen J. Thomas, Stefan Fernandez, Richard G. Jarman, Alan L. Rothman, Timothy P. Endy

Cell and Molecular Biology Faculty Publications

Difficulties inherent in the identification of immune correlates of protection or severe disease have challenged the development and evaluation of dengue vaccines. There persist substantial gaps in knowledge about the complex effects of age and sequential dengue virus (DENV) exposures on these correlations. To address these gaps, we were conducting a novel family-based cohort-cluster study for DENV transmission in Kamphaeng Phet, Thailand. The study began in 2015 and is funded until at least 2023. As of May 2019, 2,870 individuals in 485 families were actively enrolled. The families comprise at least 1 child born into the study as a newborn, …

Jeffrey Sachs, A New Foreign Policy: Beyond American Exceptionalism (2018), Jonas Ecke

Markets, Globalization & Development Review

No abstract provided.

Molecular Characterization Of Haemaphysalis Species And A Molecular Genetic Key For The Identification Of Haemaphysalis Of North America, Alec T. Thompson, Kristen Dominguez, Christopher A. Cleveland, Shaun J. Dergousoff, Kandai Doi, Richard C. Falco, Talleasha Greay, Peter Irwin, L. Robbin Lindsay, Jingze Liu, Thomas N. Mather, Charlotte L. Oskam, Roger I. Rodriguez-Vivas, Mark G. Ruder, David Shaw, Stacey L. Vigil, Seth White, Michael J. Yabsley

Plant Sciences and Entomology Faculty Publications

Haemaphysalis longicornis (Acari: Ixodidae), the Asian longhorned tick, is native to East Asia, but has become established in Australia and New Zealand, and more recently in the United States. In North America, there are other native Haemaphysalis species that share similar morphological characteristics and can be difficult to identify if the specimen is damaged. The goal of this study was to develop a cost-effective and rapid molecular diagnostic assay to differentiate between exotic and native Haemaphysalis species to aid in ongoing surveillance of H. longicornis within the United States and help prevent misidentification. We demonstrated that restriction fragment length polymorphisms …

Curricular Report No. 2019-20-8 From The Graduate Council To The Faculty Senate (Courses), University Of Rhode Island Faculty Senate

Faculty Senate Bills

No abstract provided.

Developing A Forecasting Model For Cholera Incidence In Dhaka Megacity Through Time Series Climate Data, Salima Sultana Daisy, Akm Saiful Islam, Ali S. Akanda, Abu Syed Golam Faruque, Nuhu Amin, Peter Kjaer Mackie Jensen

Civil & Environmental Engineering Faculty Publications

Cholera, an acute diarrheal disease spread by lack of hygiene and contaminated water, is a major public health risk in many countries. As cholera is triggered by environmental conditions influenced by climatic variables, establishing a correlation between cholera incidence and climatic variables would provide an opportunity to develop a cholera forecasting model. Considering the auto-regressive nature and the seasonal behavioral patterns of cholera, a seasonal-auto-regressive-integrated-moving-average (SARIMA) model was used for time-series analysis during 2000–2013. As both rainfall (r = 0.43) and maximum temperature (r = 0.56) have the strongest influence on the occurrence of cholera incidence, single-variable (SVMs) …

The Impact Of Maternal Supplementation During Pregnancy And The First 6 Months Postpartum On The Growth Status Of The Next Child Born After The Intervention Period: Follow‐Up Results From Bangladesh And Ghana, Katherine P. Adams, Seth Adu-Afarwuah, Malay K. Mridha, Brietta M. Oaks, Susana L. Matias, Charles D. Arnold, Sika M. Kumordzie, Harriet Okronipa, Maku E. Ocansey, Kathryn G. Dewey

Nutrition Faculty Publications

Pregnancy and breastfeeding make demands on maternal nutrient stores. The extent of depletion and the degree to which nutrient stores are replenished between pregnancies has implications for a mother's nutritional status at conception of the subsequent child and therefore that child's birth outcomes and growth. Using follow‐up data collected several years after a randomized effectiveness trial conducted in rural Bangladesh and a randomized efficacy trial conducted in semiurban Ghana, we evaluated the impact of maternal supplementation with small‐quantity lipid‐based nutrient supplements (LNS) or multiple micronutrients (MMN) through pregnancy (the index pregnancy) and 6 months postpartum on the growth status of …

Cell-Mediated Immunity Generated In Response To A Purified Inactivated Vaccine For Dengue Virus Type 1, Heather Friberg, Luis J. Martinez, Leyi Lin, Jason M. Blaylock, Rafael A. De La Barrera, Alan L. Rothman, J. Robert Putnak, Kenneth H. Eckels, Stephen J. Thomas, Richard G. Jarman, Jeffrey R. Currier

Institute for Immunology and Informatics Faculty Publications

Dengue is the most prevalent arboviral disease afflicting humans, and a vaccine appears to be the most rational means of control. Dengue vaccine development is in a critical phase, with the first vaccine licensed in some countries where dengue is endemic but demonstrating insufficient efficacy in immunologically naive populations. Since virus-neutralizing antibodies do not invariably correlate with vaccine efficacy, other markers that may predict protection, including cell-mediated immunity, are urgently needed. Previously, the Walter Reed Army Institute of Research developed a monovalent purified inactivated virus (PIV) vaccine candidate against dengue virus serotype 1 (DENV-1) adjuvanted with alum. The PIV vaccine …

Avian Bornaviral Ganglioneuritis: Current Debates And Unanswered Questions, Susan Boatright-Horowitz

Psychology Faculty Publications

Avian bornaviral ganglioneuritis, often referred to as parrot wasting disease, is associated with a newly discovered avian virus from the taxonomic family Bornaviridae. Research regarding the pathogenesis and treatment for this disease is ongoing, with implications for understanding other emerging human and nonhuman diseases, as well as the health and ecology of wildlife. At this time, numerous questions remain unanswered regarding the transmission of the disease, best practices for diagnostic sampling and testing, and whether currently used drug therapies are effective or harmful for afflicted birds. The pathogenesis of the disease also remains unclear with many birds showing resistance to …

Interrupted Blood Feeding In Ticks: Causes And Consequences, Djamel Tahir, Leon Meyer, Josephus Fourie, Frans Jongejan, Thomas N. Mather, Valérie Choumet, Byron Blagburn, Reinhard K. Straubinger, Marie Varloud

Plant Sciences and Entomology Faculty Publications

Ticks are obligate hematophagous arthropods and act as vectors for a great variety of pathogens, including viruses, bacteria, protozoa, and helminths. Some tick-borne viruses, such as Powassan virus and tick-borne encephalitis virus, are transmissible within 15–60 min after tick attachment. However, a minimum of 3–24 h of tick attachment is necessary to effectively transmit bacterial agents such as Ehrlichia spp., Anaplasma spp., and Rickettsia spp. to a new host. Longer transmission periods were reported for Borrelia spp. and protozoans such as Babesia spp., which require a minimum duration of 24–48 h of tick attachment for maturation and migration of the …

The Double Burden Of Malnutrition: A Systematic Review Of Operational Definitions, Jennie N. Davis, Brietta M. Oaks, Reina Engle-Stone

Nutrition Faculty Publications

Background

Despite increasing research on the double burden of malnutrition (DBM; i.e., coexisting over- and undernutrition), there is no global consensus on DBM definitions. Objectives

To identify published operational DBM definitions, measure their frequency of use, and discuss implications for future assessment. Methods

Following a structured search of peer-reviewed articles with terms describing “overnutrition” [e.g., overweight/obesity (OW/OB)] and “undernutrition” (e.g., stunting, micronutrient deficiency), we screened 1920 abstracts, reviewed 500 full texts, and extracted 623 operational definitions from 239 eligible articles. Results

We organized three identified DBM dimensions (level of assessment, target population, and forms of malnutrition) into a framework for …