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Socio-Spatial Distances At The Grenfell Mission: The Louise And Edith Hegan Photograph Collection, 1909, Katherine Side

Journal of Feminist Scholarship

Using select photographs from a 1909 collection taken at a colonial mission in Labrador (Canada), I argue that settlers’ use of the camera and photographs intentionally created socio-spatial distances from colonial subjects. I demonstrate how cameras and photographs re-enacted colonial regimes and pictured gendered and Indigenous bodies in socio-spatial fields to enact proximity as social and physical distance and closeness. The creation of socio-spatial distances is examined through photographs that establish distance between Indigeneity and settlers and emphasize ordered social relations, including visual displays of professional status, but that challenge the superficiality of differences in dress and appearance.

Peeta’S Virtue In The Hunger Games Trilogy, Gabriel Ertsgaard

Journal of Feminist Scholarship

The Latin virtus literally means “manliness” (vir = man) and, by extension, the positive qualities that a man should have. During the transition from Latin to French to English, “virtue” lost its gender specificity, but retained its reference to positive qualities. Thus, by the Enlightenment period, separate standards of virtue had emerged for women and men. Suzanne Collins disrupts this gendered virtue dichotomy in her Hunger Games trilogy. Peeta Mellark is a natural diplomat and peacemaker, a gentle soul who fits the feminine model of virtue better than the masculine model. Although Peeta engages in violence when necessary, he …

Erotic Fever In The Arquives: Imagining A Queer Porn Paradise In Cait Mckinney And Hazel Meyer’S Exhibition Tape Condition: Degraded, Genevieve Flavelle

Journal of Feminist Scholarship

Focusing on Cait McKinney and Hazel Meyer’s site-specific exhibition Tape Condition: degraded (2016) at the ArQuives: Canada’s LGBTQ+ Archives, this paper explores reparative and desire-driven approaches for working with partial and missing histories within archives. Focusing specifically on artists working as archivists, I consider how the limitations of evidence-based histories can be addressed through creative practice. The essay unfolds in two parts. The first examines a selection of objects from the exhibition to draw out the historical context of The ArQuives, grounding my analysis of the conditions that have created and perpetuated specific archival gaps; in this case, pornography made …

Kate O’Brien: Queer Hauntings In The Feminist Archive, Naoise Murphy

Journal of Feminist Scholarship

The archive of Irish writer Kate O’Brien is a notable example of how queerness haunts the mainstream of feminist literary spaces. The 2019 Museum of Literature Ireland (MoLI) exhibition Kate O’Brien: Arrow to the Heart, which set out to restore this censored novelist’s place in the archive of twentieth-century Irish writing, provides a case study of these dynamics. Queer and feminist perspectives on the archive, with a focus on affect, hauntings and Sara Ahmed’s “queer use,” illuminate the conflicting epistemologies regulating the O’Brien archive. Reading this exhibition as an Irish queer, affective experience collides with entrenched structures of power …

I Hate The Archives: A Queer Lesbian Meditation, Helis Sikk

Journal of Feminist Scholarship

Questioning the neutrality of archives is nothing new as feminist scholars have been doing it since the 1970s. More recently, queer theorists have pushed the subjectivity of the archive even further by emphasizing the importance of desire and pleasure as its central tenants. The archive in these discussions is sometimes a metaphor for a variety of experiences and at other times a brick-and-mortar physical space. Yet, there has been a lack of focus on the relationships between these two approaches. Similarly, there has not been enough discussion on how to challenge the exclusivity of the archive in our everyday praxis …

Being In The Black Queer Diaspora: Embodied Archives In A Map To The Door Of No Return, Alexandria Naima Smith

Journal of Feminist Scholarship

Poet, novelist, and essayist Dionne Brand’s unconventional memoir, A Map to the Door of No Return (2001) provides a method for identifying how the embodied experiences of Black queer subjects form an archive for understanding operations of power within Black queer diasporas. Using the analytic of sensual worldmaking, a term I use to describe Black feminist narrative writing that locates embodied erotic and sensual experience as an authorizing source of knowledge about identity-based power dynamics, I illustrate how A Map to the Door of No Return offers a Black queer archive of experiences and narratives in the Black diaspora. Brand …

An Offering On The Altar Of Queer History: Amalia Mesa-Bains And Sor Juana’S Library, Maria P. Chaves Daza

Journal of Feminist Scholarship

This paper argues that home altars are archives. I consider the history of altars within Chicana community practices; political, and feminist critique of both patriarchal nationalism; and the role of the altar in challenging the public and private divide defined by nationalist discourses of the US and Aztlan. Furthermore, I use Amalia Mesa-Bains’s altar installation The Library of Sor Juana Inez de la Cruz to consider how altars are spaces of feminist queer memory-making and resistance against colonial logics.

Minimally Invasive Physiological Correlates Of Social Behaviour In Belugas (Delphinapterus Leucas) Under Human Care, Justin Thomas Richard, Rachael Levine, Tracy A. Romano, Becky L. Sartini

Fisheries, Animal and Veterinary Sciences Faculty Publications

Simultaneous observations of reproductive physiology and behaviour were conducted on a group of two male and two female belugas under professionally managed care for one year to explore potential mating strategies. Weekly blow sampling for progesterone in females was used to define the breeding season by detecting three oestrous cycles in one female. Twice weekly blow sampling for testosterone and twice monthly testes measurements via ultrasonography were used to detect reproductive seasonality in both males. Female–male association frequency varied longitudinally, with 70% of all interactions occurring during the 16-week breeding season. Male–male associations did not vary seasonally. Male display behaviours …

Energetics Of Walking In Individuals With Cerebral Palsy And Typical Development, Across Severity And Age: A Systematic Review And Meta-Analysis, Mauro Nardon, Federico Ruzzante, Leslie O'Donnell, Alessandra Adami, Sudarshan Dayanidhi, Matteo Bertucco

Kinesiology Faculty Publications

Background:

Individuals with cerebral palsy (CP) report physical fatigue as a main cause of limitation, deterioration and eventually cessation of their walking ability. A consequence of higher level of fatigue in individuals with CP leads to a less efficient and long-distance walking ability.

Research question:

This systematic review investigates the difference in 1) walking energy expenditure between individuals with CP and age-matched typically developing (TD) individuals; and 2) energetics of walking across Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS) levels and age.

Methods:

Five electronic databases (PubMed, Web of Science, CINAHL, ScienceDirect and Scopus) were searched using search …

Functional Plasticity In Oyster Gut Microbiomes Along A Eutrophication Gradient In An Urbanized Estuary, Rebecca J. Stevick, Anton F. Post, Marta Gomez-Chiarri

Fisheries, Animal and Veterinary Sciences Faculty Publications

Background

Oysters in coastal environments are subject to fluctuating environmental conditions that may impact the ecosystem services they provide. Oyster-associated microbiomes are responsible for some of these services, particularly nutrient cycling in benthic habitats. The effects of climate change on host-associated microbiome composition are well-known, but functional changes and how they may impact host physiology and ecosystem functioning are poorly characterized. We investigated how environmental parameters affect oyster-associated microbial community structure and function along a trophic gradient in Narragansett Bay, Rhode Island, USA. Adult eastern oyster, Crassostrea virginica, gut and seawater samples were collected at 5 sites along this estuarine …

Managing Aquaculture In Multi-Use Freshwater Bodies: The Case Of Jatiluhur Reservoir, D. A. Taskov, T. C. Telfer, D. A. Bengtson, Michael A. Rice, D. C. Little, F. J. Murray

Fisheries, Animal and Veterinary Sciences Faculty Publications

The pressure on scarce freshwater resources from intensifying human activity is rising across the globe. This study presents the case of Jatiluhur—Indonesia's largest reservoir, where unregulated aquaculture expansion has contributed to environmental degradation and associated conflicts with other water-users. Aiming to identify a strategy to improve the sustainability of cage aquaculture within Jatiluhur reservoir and other freshwater bodies facing similar challenges, this study consisted of an initial analysis of time bound satellite images of the reservoir and a systematic survey of 112 aquaculture farms. The results revealed that, with more than 45 000 production units in 2020, more than half …

Assessing Indicators And Limitations Of Food Security Objectives In Coral Reef Restoration, Jessica Vandenberg, Austin Humphries, Carlos Garcia-Quijanoa, Amelia Moore, Richard Pollnac, Suparman Abdullah

Fisheries, Animal and Veterinary Sciences Faculty Publications

Coral reef restoration is often presented as a marine conservation solution that provides 'win-win' outcomes. However, most studies on reef restoration have focused on the biological success, while little is known about whether social objectives are ever achieved. This study investigates a reef restoration initiative in the Spermonde archipelago, Indonesia, where food security was initially presented as an intended social outcome. We utilised an ethnographic mixed-methods approach to investigate: 1) perceived sociocultural benefits of coral restoration to the local community; 2) impacts of reef restoration on local food security; and 3) local sociocultural barriers and limitations of reef restoration as …

Maternal Under- And Over-Nutrition During Gestation Causes Islet Hypertrophy And Sex-Specific Changes To Pancreas Dna Methylation In Fetal Sheep, Maria L. Peterson, Mary Gauvin, Sambhu Pillai, Amanda Jones, Katelyn Mcfadden, Katelynn Cameron, Sarah Reed, Steven Zinn, Kristen Govoni

Fisheries, Animal and Veterinary Sciences Faculty Publications

The mechanisms by which fetal programming predisposes offspring to reduced β-cell function later in life are poorly understood. We hypothesized that maternal under- and over-nutrition during gestation would negatively affect offspring pancreas development and alter DNA methylation patterns. Pregnant ewes (n = 78) were fed 100, 60, or 140% of NRC requirements beginning at d 30.2 ± 0.2 of gestation. The fetuses are referred to as CON, RES, and OVER, respectively. Fetal pancreas tissue was collected at d 90 or 135 of gestation or within 24 h of birth. Tissue was preserved for histological (n = 8 to 9 offspring …

Functional Analysis Of Virulence In Vibrio Coralliilyticus Re22 And Probiotic Mechanisms Of Phaeobacter Inhibens S4, Christian W. Schuttert

Open Access Dissertations

Infections by pathogenic marine bacteria present a major problem for both the shellfish and finfish aquaculture industries, resulting in severe disease and high mortality. Pathogen infection seriously affect aquaculture production, and cause significant economic loss. Marine pathogens like Vibrio coralliilyticus frequently cause disease in a variety of shellfish. The use of antibiotics in large-scale aquaculture settings leads to the development, and potential transfer, of antibiotic resistance. In order to mitigate this emerging threat, an understanding of pathogenic mechanisms of infection and novel preventative strategies, such as probiotic treatment, is paramount for understanding and preventing future disease.

In manuscript I, “Two …

Examining Anthorpogenic Pressures On Madgascar Carnivorans, Erin M. Wampole

Open Access Master's Theses

Biodiversity is increasingly threatened by anthropogenic disturbance globally. Information on the status of species and their response to changing environments is required to determine mitigation strategies before range contractions, population declines, or extinctions occur. Madagascar is a renowned biodiversity hotspot, comprising some of the highest levels of floral and faunal endemism in the world. Madagascar is also home to the most understudied family of carnivorans in the world, Eupleridae. Eupleridae is comprised of eight unique species that we currently lack fundamental knowledge about yet are of high conservation concern. Madagascar has experienced intense landscape changes from human expansion and resource …

Hybridization Between A Native Lizard (Anolis Carolinensis) And A Cryptic Invader (A. Porcatus) Across An Urban Landscape, Tyler B. Devos

Open Access Master's Theses

Invasive species impact native biota through competition, predation, and habitat alteration but can also transform native populations through hybridization. Outcomes of such hybridization events are variable and may result in the formation of a stable hybrid tension zone, extinction of one parental species via genetic swamping, hybrid speciation, or adaptive introgression. Hybrid population dynamics are further complicated by anthropogenic habitat disturbance, which has been shown to influence patterns of admixture and introgression between native and invasive species. Hybridization between the native lizard Anolis carolinensis and a morphologically similar invader (A. porcatus) in South Miami, Florida provides an ideal …

Development Of A Road Mortality Hotspot Model For Amphibians And Reptiles In Rhode Island, Noah Hallisey

Open Access Master's Theses

Road mortality poses a serious threat to amphibians and reptiles and can lead to population declines and localized extirpation. Given road mortality tends to aggregate spatially at locations commonly referred to as road mortality hotspots, identifying the most appropriate locations for mitigation measures, such as road tunnels and culverts, is an important first step in reducing road mortality. However, the influence of imperfect detection (e.g., false absences) during road mortality surveys can lead to poor spatial patterns of road mortality hotspots and suboptimal implementation of mitigation measures intended to reduce road mortality. In this study, occupancy modeling was used to …

Post-Emergence Movements And Habitat Use By Hatchling Diamondback Terrapins (Malaclemys Terrapin), Carolyn Decker

Open Access Master's Theses

Diamondback terrapins (Malaclemys terrapin) require estuarine habitats for most aspects of their life cycles. However, adult female terrapins nest in coastal uplands, and hatchling terrapins use upland habitats following nest emergence. In these upland areas, hatchlings are particularly vulnerable to mortality risks from coastal land management activities such as mowing and tilling. From 2019 to 2021, we used small tracking devices to monitor hatchling movements and habitat use at a wildlife refuge in Rhode Island. When hatchlings emerged from nests in late summer and early fall, we attached a radio transmitter and passive integrated transponder (PIT) tag (n=46) or only …

Simulation Based Evaluation Of Pallet Management Strategies In The Context Of Sustainability, Niklas Thiele

Open Access Master's Theses

Due to the continuous pursuit of increasing the efficiency of logistical operations as well as increasing the sustainability of supply chains, choosing the correct pallet management strategy is essential. With increasing cost pressure as well as growing environmental awareness, it is necessary to utilize all potentials within a supply chain including the operation of pallets. In order to estimate the ecological and economic impacts caused by different pallet management strategies, the use of simulation methods has been utilized in this research.

To predict close-to reality results, it is necessary to create generic models, which offer high adaptability for real world …

Rethinking Habitat And How We Study Human-Wildlife Relationships, Kimberly Rivera

Open Access Master's Theses

Current methods to model species habitat use through space and diel time are limited. Development of such models is critical when considering rapidly changing habitats where species are forced to adapt to anthropogenic change, often by shifting their diel activity across space. The first chapter of this manuscript focuses on redeveloping occupancy models to incorporate hypotheses on species diel habitat use. This alternative occupancy framework, called the multi-state diel occupancy model (MSDOM), can evaluate species diel activity against continuous response variables which may impact diel activity within and across seasons or years. We used two case studies on fosa, a …

The Effect Of Morphology, Substrate And Wind On The Clinging Ability Of Anolis Lizards During Hurricane-Force Winds, Emma Dipaolo

Open Access Master's Theses

Extreme weather events have been identified as drivers of natural selection and evolutionary change across populations and species. A recent study showed that the high wind speeds generated by hurricanes caused selection favoring particular phenotypes for island lizards. Anolis lizards (or anoles) commonly live on islands and in coastal areas frequently disturbed by hurricanes. A hallmark of the Anolis radiation is the evolution of morphological variation among species as illustrated by the evolution of different ecomorphs, which have evolved varying limb and toe morphologies to occupy different parts of arboreal habitats. Differences in limb length and toepad size lead to …

Contribution Of Maternal Mrna Provisioning To Embryonic Stress Response In A Reef-Building Coral, Erin Elizabeth Chille

Open Access Master's Theses

Prior to fertilization, mothers provision their oocytes with mRNA that regulates the early stages of development and may additionally include transcripts for proteins that support embryonic stress response early on. At some point during embryogenesis, however, these maternal transcripts are degraded as zygotic transcription activates and intensifies during a phenomenon known as the maternal-to-zygotic transition (MZT). Some evidence suggests that as the MZT progresses, and the effects of maternal transcripts are waning while the zygotic expression is being established, offspring of marine broadcast spawners become more vulnerable to environmental perturbations. In light of escalating threats to marine broadcast spawners, it …

Forest Structure Shapes Tropical Terrestrial And Arboreal Mesomammal Communities Under Moderate Disturbance, Juliana Masseloux

Open Access Master's Theses

Tropical biodiversity is threatened globally by anthropogenic disturbances, particularly forest degradation and overhunting. Where large mammals have been extirpated, smaller-bodied “mesomammals” may play an important ecological role (e.g., as seed-dispersers). However, mesomammals are routinely understudied as they tend to be rare, cryptic, and nocturnal. Tropical tree-dwelling (arboreal and semi-arboreal) mesomammals are especially vulnerable to forest conversions, particularly when reliant on old growth forest structures. Understanding species- and community-level responses of terrestrial and arboreal mesomammals to changes in forest structure and human activity is crucial for informing management decisions in protected areas where resources are limited. We deployed 20 arboreal and …

Design Of A Platform For Interaction With Unmanned Aerial Vehicles Using Virtual Reality Technology, Janis Kinzinger

Open Access Master's Theses

Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) are becoming more and more integrated into our lives as they are able to fulfill new tasks and become more affordable. Human-UAV Interaction (HUI) therefore is an important topic researcher are working on. As a type of UAVs, quadcopters are characterized with uncertainties in their flying behavior and considered dangerous for humans because of their spinning propellers. Interaction through touch is therefore rarely used as interaction method. Hence, in this work Virtual Reality (VR) is used to simulate a quadcopter to create a platform for virtual HUI. In the development process, Unity was chosen to handle …

From Catch To Consumption: Food Security Dynamics In An Indonesian Fishing Community, Nicole Roberts

Open Access Master's Theses

Food and livelihood security are key concerns for coastal communities in Indonesia as local and global drivers threaten fisheries across the archipelago. However, the focus of fisheries management and conservation on fish production excludes important aspects of the fish food system such as local economies, relationships, and cultures. For management and conservation policy to address food insecurity and marine resource declines, there is a need to understand local trade and consumption. In this study, we use value chain analysis and a “fish as food” framework to investigate the links between fish production, distribution, and consumption in an Indonesian fishing community …

A Phylogenomic Approach To Explore Photosynthethic Stramenopile Evolution, Kristina Xenia Terpis

Open Access Master's Theses

Stramenopiles, Alveolates, and Rhizaria (SAR) are environmentally ubiquitous and form one of the most genetically diverse groups of eukaryotes on earth. Combined, these phyla encompass nearly half of all known eukaryotic genomic diversity. Stramenopiles comprise both non-photosynthetic taxa including important pathogens of animals and plants such as the gastric parasite Blastocystis and oomycetes like Phytophthora, the causative agent of the Irish Potato Famine. Additionally, photosynthetic members from the Phylum Ochrophyta, like the charismatic seaweeds such as giant kelp, create important ecosystems while diverse microbial phytoplankton including diatoms are fundamental to biogeochemical cycles and form the base of the food …

Biodiversity And Biogeography Of Protist Communities In Coastal Marine Ecosystems Across Indonesia, Erin Borbee

Open Access Dissertations

Despite a long history of biodiversity and biogeography research in Indonesia we know very little about protist communities across this region. What we do know about protist communities across Indonesia is largely based on visual surveys, which have been proven to vastly underestimate protist diversity. The combination of immense biodiversity, oceanographic significance, and human activity across this region make it an interesting setting for understanding the relative effects of abiotic and biotic drivers of protist community structure. The work presented in this dissertation uses metabarcoding to characterize protist community composition and underwater visual census (UVC) data to characterize fish and …

Hepatoprotective Effects Of Treprostinil During Renal Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury, Joyce Hou

Open Access Master's Theses

Background: Renal ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) occurs during kidney transplantation and causes acute kidney injury as well as liver injury. Renal IRI depletes hepatic antioxidants and leads to hepatic inflammation, tissue damage and hepatic dysfunction through Tlr9 upregulation. There is no treatment available for liver injury during renal IRI. This study examines the hepatoprotective role of treprostinil, a prostacyclin analog, during renal IRI.

Methods: Male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into four groups: control, sham, IRI-placebo, or IRI-treprostinil and subjected to bilateral ischemia (45 minutes) followed by 1-72 hours of reperfusion. Placebo or treprostinil (100 ng/kg/min) was administered subcutaneously via an …

An In Vitro Investigation Of The Stability And Permeability Of Phytocannabinoids For Skincare Formulations, Toyosi Akanji

Open Access Master's Theses

The endocannabinoid system (ECS) is comprised of ligands, enzymes, and receptors, which are involved in the regulation of various biological functions including cell growth, sensory phenomena, and immune and inflammatory responses. Recent studies have shown that human skin cells contain components of the ECS including cannabinoid receptor 1 and 2 (CB1, CB2) and transient receptor potential channel subfamily V (TRPV1) receptors. The ECS is critical for in maintaining homeostatic conditions and overall skin health, and disruption of ECS may cause pathological disorders including allergic dermatitis, cutaneous itch and pain, and neoplastic cell growth. Published studies also support that cannabinoids from …

Transforming Campus Food Systems Through Agroecology: Pathways To Sustainability And Resilience, Ryleigh Mullens

Open Access Master's Theses

Conventional production practices undermine the social, environmental, and economic longevity and sustainability of the U.S. food system. Some postsecondary education institutions (PSEs) have sought to develop alternative, hyper-local food systems through the integration of campus farms into institutional supply chains. These institutions could serve as models for food systems at large; no research has been published on the dynamics and impacts of their efforts at self-provisioning on food system sustainability, resilience, and equity. This research modified existing agroecological resilience frameworks, expanding resilience indicators to include metrics of equity, an often overlooked component of resilience in social-ecological models. The modified framework …