Open Access. Powered by Scholars. Published by Universities.®

Digital Commons Network™

Open Access. Powered by Scholars. Published by Universities.®

University of Rhode Island

Discipline
Keyword
Publication Year
Publication
Publication Type
File Type

Articles 2521 - 2550 of 4832

Full-Text Articles in Entire DC Network

Human Carboxylesterases Hce1 And Hce2: Ontogenic Expression, Inter-Individual Variability And Differential Hydrolysis Of Oseltamivir, Aspirin, Deltamethrin And Permethrin, Dongfang Yang, Robin E. Pearce, Xiliang Wang, Roger Gaedigk, Yu-Jui Yvonne Wan, Bingfang Yan Jan 2009

Human Carboxylesterases Hce1 And Hce2: Ontogenic Expression, Inter-Individual Variability And Differential Hydrolysis Of Oseltamivir, Aspirin, Deltamethrin And Permethrin, Dongfang Yang, Robin E. Pearce, Xiliang Wang, Roger Gaedigk, Yu-Jui Yvonne Wan, Bingfang Yan

Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences Faculty Publications

Carboxylesterases hydrolyze chemicals containing such functional groups as a carboxylic acid ester, amide and thioester. The liver contains the highest carboxylesterase activity and expresses two major carboxylesterases: HCE1 and HCE2. In this study, we analyzed 104 individual liver samples for the expression patterns of both carboxylesterases. These samples were divided into three age groups: adults (≥ 18 years of age), children (0 days–10 years) and fetuses (82–224 gestation days). In general, the adult group expressed significantly higher HCE1 and HCE2 than the child group, which expressed significantly higher than the fetal group. The age-related expression was confirmed by RT-qPCR and …

Go to article

Pyrethroid Insecticides: Isoform-Dependent Hydrolysis, Induction Of Cytochrome P450 3a4 And Evidence On The Involvement Of The Pregnane X Receptor, Dongfeng Yang, Xiliang Wang, Yi-Tzai Chen, Ruitang Deng, Bingfang Yan Jan 2009

Pyrethroid Insecticides: Isoform-Dependent Hydrolysis, Induction Of Cytochrome P450 3a4 And Evidence On The Involvement Of The Pregnane X Receptor, Dongfeng Yang, Xiliang Wang, Yi-Tzai Chen, Ruitang Deng, Bingfang Yan

Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences Faculty Publications

Pyrethroids account for more than one-third of the insecticides currently marketed in the world. In mammals, these insecticides undergo extensive metabolism by carboxylesterases and cytochrome P450s (CYPs). In addition, some pyrethroids are found to induce the expression of CYPs. The aim of this study was to determine whether pyrethroids induce carboxylesterases and CYP3A4, and whether the induction is correlated inversely with their hydrolysis. Human liver microsomes were pooled and tested for the hydrolysis of 11 pyrethroids. All pyrethroids were hydrolyzed by the pooled microsomes, but the hydrolytic rates varied by as many as 14 fold. Some pyrethroids such as bioresmethrin …

Go to article

Precolonized Human Commensal Escherichia Coli Strains Serve As A Barrier To E. Coli O157:H7 Growth In The Streptomycin-Treated Mouse Intestine, Mary P. Leatham, Swati Banerjee, Steven M. Autieri, Regino Mercado-Lubo, Tyrrell Conway, Paul S. Cohen Jan 2009

Precolonized Human Commensal Escherichia Coli Strains Serve As A Barrier To E. Coli O157:H7 Growth In The Streptomycin-Treated Mouse Intestine, Mary P. Leatham, Swati Banerjee, Steven M. Autieri, Regino Mercado-Lubo, Tyrrell Conway, Paul S. Cohen

Cell and Molecular Biology Faculty Publications

Different Escherichia coli strains generally have the same metabolic capacity for growth on sugars in vitro, but they appear to use different sugars in the streptomycin-treated mouse intestine (Fabich et al., Infect. Immun. 76:1143-1152, 2008). Here, mice were precolonized with any of three human commensal strains (E. coli MG1655, E. coli HS, or E. coli Nissle 1917) and 10 days later were fed 105 CFU of the same strains. While each precolonized strain nearly eliminated its isogenic strain, confirming that colonization resistance can be modeled in mice, each allowed growth of the other commensal strains to higher numbers, …

Go to article

Salmonella Enterica Serovar Typhimurium Mutants Unable To Convert Malate To Pyruvate And Oxaloacetate Are Avirulent And Immunogenic In Balb/C Mice, Regino Mercado-Lubo, Mary P. Leatham, Tyrrell Conway, Paul S. Cohen Jan 2009

Salmonella Enterica Serovar Typhimurium Mutants Unable To Convert Malate To Pyruvate And Oxaloacetate Are Avirulent And Immunogenic In Balb/C Mice, Regino Mercado-Lubo, Mary P. Leatham, Tyrrell Conway, Paul S. Cohen

Cell and Molecular Biology Faculty Publications

Previously, we showed that the Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium SR-11 tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle must operate as a complete cycle for full virulence after oral infection of BALB/c mice (M. Tchawa Yimga, M. P. Leatham, J. H. Allen, D. C. Laux, T. Conway, and P. S. Cohen, Infect. Immun. 74:1130-1140, 2006). In the same study, we showed that for full virulence, malate must be converted to both oxaloacetate and pyruvate. Moreover, it was recently demonstrated that blocking conversion of succinyl-coenzyme A to succinate attenuates serovar Typhimurium SR-11 but does not make it avirulent; however, blocking conversion of succinate to …

Go to article

Epigenetics, Oxidative Stress, And Alzheimer Disease, Nasser H. Zawia, Debomoy K. Lahiri, Fernando Cardozo-Pelaez Jan 2009

Epigenetics, Oxidative Stress, And Alzheimer Disease, Nasser H. Zawia, Debomoy K. Lahiri, Fernando Cardozo-Pelaez

Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences Faculty Publications

Alzheimer disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder whose clinical manifestations appear in old age. The sporadic nature of 90% of AD cases, the differential susceptibility to and course of the illness, as well as the late age onset of the disease suggest that epigenetic and environmental components play a role in the etiology of late-onset AD. Animal exposure studies demonstrated that AD may begin early in life and may involve an interplay between the environment, epigenetics, and oxidative stress. Early life exposure of rodents and primates to the xenobiotic metal lead (Pb) enhanced the expression of genes associated with …

Go to article

In Silico-Accelerated Identification Of Conserved And Immunogenic Variola/Vaccinia T-Cell Epitopes, Leonard Moise, Julie A. Mcmurry, Soren Buus, Sharon Frey, William D. Martin, Anne S. De Groot Jan 2009

In Silico-Accelerated Identification Of Conserved And Immunogenic Variola/Vaccinia T-Cell Epitopes, Leonard Moise, Julie A. Mcmurry, Soren Buus, Sharon Frey, William D. Martin, Anne S. De Groot

Institute for Immunology and Informatics Faculty Publications

Epitopes shared by the vaccinia and variola viruses underlie the protective effect of vaccinia immunization against variola infection. We set out to identify a subset of cross-reactive epitopes using bioinformatics and immunological methods. Putative T-cell epitopes were computationally predicted from highly conserved open reading frames from seven complete vaccinia and variola genomes using EpiMatrix. Over 100 epitopes bearing low human sequence homology were selected and assessed in HLA binding assays and in T-cell antigenicity assays using PBMCs isolated from Dryvax-immunized subjects. This experimental validation of computational predictions illustrates the potential for immunoinformatics methods to identify candidate immunogens for a new, …

Go to article

T Cell Epitope: Friend Or Foe? Immunogenicity Of Biologics In Context, Constanze A. Weber, Preema J. Mehta, Matthew Ardito, Leonard Moise, William Martin, Anne S. De Groot Jan 2009

T Cell Epitope: Friend Or Foe? Immunogenicity Of Biologics In Context, Constanze A. Weber, Preema J. Mehta, Matthew Ardito, Leonard Moise, William Martin, Anne S. De Groot

Institute for Immunology and Informatics Faculty Publications

Like vaccines, biologic proteins can be very immunogenic for reasons including route of administration, dose frequency and the underlying antigenicity of the therapeutic protein. Because the impact of immunogenicity can be quite severe, regulatory agencies are developing risk-based guidelines for immunogenicity screening. T cell epitopes are at the root of the immunogenicity issue. Through their presentation to T cells, they activate the process of anti-drug antibody development. Preclinical screening for T cell epitopes can be performed in silico, followed by in vitro and in vivo validation. Importantly, screening for immunogenicity is complicated by the discovery of regulatory T cell …

Go to article

Trade-Off Between Aerobic Capacity And Locomotor Capability In An Antarctic Pteropod, Joshua J. C. Rosenthal, Brad A. Seibel, Agnieszka Dymowska, Francisco Bezanilla Jan 2009

Trade-Off Between Aerobic Capacity And Locomotor Capability In An Antarctic Pteropod, Joshua J. C. Rosenthal, Brad A. Seibel, Agnieszka Dymowska, Francisco Bezanilla

Biological Sciences Faculty Publications

At −1.8 °C, the waters of Antarctica pose a formidable physiological barrier for most ectotherms. The few taxa that inhabit this zone have presumably made specific adjustments to their neuromuscular function and have enhanced their metabolic capacity. However, support for this assertion is equivocal and the details of specific compensations are largely unknown. This can generally be attributed to the fact that most Antarctic organisms are either too distantly related to their temperate relatives to permit direct comparisons (e.g., notothenioid fishes) or because they are not amenable to neuromuscular recording. Here, as a comparative model, we take advantage of 2 …

Go to article

Distribution And Abundance Of Host-Seeking Culex Species At Three Proximate Locations With Different Levels Of West Nile Virus Activity, Ilia Rochlin, Howard S. Ginsberg, Scott R. Campbell Jan 2009

Distribution And Abundance Of Host-Seeking Culex Species At Three Proximate Locations With Different Levels Of West Nile Virus Activity, Ilia Rochlin, Howard S. Ginsberg, Scott R. Campbell

Past Departments Faculty Publications (CELS)

Culex species were monitored at three proximate sites with historically different West Nile virus (WNV) activities. The site with human WNV transmission (epidemic) had the lowest abundance of the putative bridge vectors, Culex pipiens and Cx. salinarius. The site with horse cases but not human cases (epizootic) had the highest percent composition of Cx. salinarius, whereas the site with WNV-positive birds only (enzootic) had the highest Cx. pipiens abundance and percent composition. A total of 29 WNV-positive Culex pools were collected at the enzootic site, 17 at the epidemic site, and 14 at the epizootic site. Published models …

Go to article

Cardiac Asystole At Birth: Is Hypovolemic Shock The Cause?, Judith S. Mercer, Debra A. Erickson-Owens, R. Skovgaard Jan 2009

Cardiac Asystole At Birth: Is Hypovolemic Shock The Cause?, Judith S. Mercer, Debra A. Erickson-Owens, R. Skovgaard

College of Nursing Faculty Publications

A birth involving shoulder dystocia can rapidly deteriorate—from a fetus with a reassuring tracing in the minutes before birth, to a neonate needing aggressive resuscitation. Infants experiencing a traumatic birth involving shoulder dystocia may be severely compromised, even when the preceding labor was uncomplicated. This paper presents two cases in which infants had normal heart beats recorded 5–10 min before birth and were born with cardiac asystole following shoulder dystocia. Often, in cases of shoulder dystocia, infants shift blood to the placenta due to the tight compressive squeeze of the body in the birth canal (along with cord compression) and …

Go to article

Activities Of Daptomycin And Vancomycin Alone And In Combination With Rifampin And Gentamicin Against Biofilm-Forming Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus Isolates In An Experimental Model Of Endocarditis, Kerry L. Laplante, Woodmansee Jan 2009

Activities Of Daptomycin And Vancomycin Alone And In Combination With Rifampin And Gentamicin Against Biofilm-Forming Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus Isolates In An Experimental Model Of Endocarditis, Kerry L. Laplante, Woodmansee

Pharmacy Practice and Clinical Research Faculty Publications

The findings of clinical and in vitro research support the theory that infective endocarditis (IE)-causing bacteria form biofilms and that biofilms negatively affect treatment outcomes. The purpose of the present study was to quantify the biofilm formation of methicillin (meticillin)-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) isolates obtained from patients with IE and to evaluate the in vitro activities of daptomycin and vancomycin alone and in combination with rifampin (rifampicin) or gentamicin while monitoring the isolates for the development of resistance. A high-inoculum, stationary-phase infection model of IE was used to simulate the pharmacokinetics in humans of daptomycin at 6 mg/kg of body …

Go to article

In Vitro Activities Of Telavancin And Vancomycin Against Biofilm-Producing Staphylococcus Aureus, S. Epidermidis, And Enterococcus Faecalis Strains, Kerry L. Laplante, A. Mermel Jan 2009

In Vitro Activities Of Telavancin And Vancomycin Against Biofilm-Producing Staphylococcus Aureus, S. Epidermidis, And Enterococcus Faecalis Strains, Kerry L. Laplante, A. Mermel

Pharmacy Practice and Clinical Research Faculty Publications

We investigated the activities of telavancin and vancomycin against biofilm-producing Staphylococcus and Enterococcus strains. At clinically attainable concentrations, telavancin was active against bacteria embedded in biofilm (minimal biofilm eradication concentration [MBEC], 0.125 to 2 μg/ml) and inhibited biofilm formation at concentrations below the MIC. Vancomycin did not demonstrate the same activity (MBEC, ≥512 μg/ml) against Staphylococcus aureus and Enterococcus faecalis. Telavancin may have a unique role in biofilm-associated infections.

Go to article

Topical Themes From The Oberkampf Textile Manufactory, Jouy-En-Josas, France, 1760-1821, Aziza Gril-Mariotte, Pamela J. Warner Jan 2009

Topical Themes From The Oberkampf Textile Manufactory, Jouy-En-Josas, France, 1760-1821, Aziza Gril-Mariotte, Pamela J. Warner

Art and Art History Faculty Publications

Translation of Aziza Gril-Mariotte's article from French to English.

Go to article

Accurate Analysis Of Tumor Margins Using A Fluorescent Ph Low Insertion Peptide (Phlip), James Segala, Donald M. Engelman, Yana K. Reshetnyak, Oleg A. Andreev Jan 2009

Accurate Analysis Of Tumor Margins Using A Fluorescent Ph Low Insertion Peptide (Phlip), James Segala, Donald M. Engelman, Yana K. Reshetnyak, Oleg A. Andreev

Physics Faculty Publications

The recurrence of certain cancers remains quite high due to either incomplete surgical removal of the primary tumor or the presence of small metastases that are invisible to the surgeon. Near infrared (NIR) fluorescence imaging might improve surgical outcomes by providing sensitive, specific, and real-time visualization of normal and diseased tissues if agents can be found that discriminate between normal and diseased tissue and define tumor margins. We have developed a new approach for revealing tumor borders by using NIR fluorescently labeled pH Low Insertion Peptide (pHLIP) and have created a computational program for the quantitative assessment of tumor boundaries. …

Go to article

A Novel Technology For The Imaging Of Acidic Prostate Tumors By Positron Emission Tomography, Amy L. Vãvere, Gráinne B. Biddlecombe, William M. Spees, Joel R. Garbow, Dayanjali Wijesinghe, Oleg A. Andreev, Donald M. Engelman, Yana K. Reshetnyak, Jason S. Lewis Jan 2009

A Novel Technology For The Imaging Of Acidic Prostate Tumors By Positron Emission Tomography, Amy L. Vãvere, Gráinne B. Biddlecombe, William M. Spees, Joel R. Garbow, Dayanjali Wijesinghe, Oleg A. Andreev, Donald M. Engelman, Yana K. Reshetnyak, Jason S. Lewis

Physics Faculty Publications

Solid tumors often develop an acidic environment due to the Warburg effect. The effectiveness of diagnosis and therapy may therefore be enhanced by the design and use of pH-sensitive agents that target acidic tumors. Recently, a novel technology was introduced to target acidic tumors using pH low insertion peptide (pHLIP), a peptide that inserts across cell membranes as an α-helix when the extracellular pH (pHe) is acidic. In this study, we expanded the application of the pHLIP technology to include positron emission tomography imaging of the acidic environment in prostate tumors using 64Cu conjugated to the pHLIP …

Go to article

Getting The News: A Signer Among Signs, Mary Cappello Jan 2009

Getting The News: A Signer Among Signs, Mary Cappello

English and Creative Writing Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Go to article

Factors Influencing The Success Of Community-Based Marine Protected Areas In North Sulawesi Indonesia, Brian R. Crawford Jan 2009

Factors Influencing The Success Of Community-Based Marine Protected Areas In North Sulawesi Indonesia, Brian R. Crawford

Open Access Dissertations

The purpose of this research was to examine factors that influence the success of community based marine protected areas in North Sulawesi Indonesia. The research took place in North Sulawesi Province of Indonesia. A multi-methods approach was used including administration of a survey questionnaire to a random sample of household respondents, use of secondary data, key informant interviews and direct observations within the field sites. Results demonstrate that community-based management interventions and community responses are complex and varied. Progress in establishing community-based marine protected areas was related to community context and the amount and type of project interventions provided. The …

Go to article

Uri Undergraduate And Graduate Course Catalog 2009-2010, University Of Rhode Island Jan 2009

Uri Undergraduate And Graduate Course Catalog 2009-2010, University Of Rhode Island

URI Course Catalogs Archive

This is a digitized, downloadable version of the University of Rhode Island course catalog.

Go to article

Aquaculture Stakeholders' Perceptions, Actions, And Implications For Its Future: A Comparison Of The U.S.A. And Norway, Jingjie Chu Jan 2009

Aquaculture Stakeholders' Perceptions, Actions, And Implications For Its Future: A Comparison Of The U.S.A. And Norway, Jingjie Chu

Open Access Dissertations

Aquaculture has been promoted as an industry that will stimulate economic development, create employment opportunities, supply high-quality protein, and potentially enhance the stocks of the commercially/recreationally important fish species. Yet, despite considerable aquaculture expertise and technology in the U.S.A., the growth of this sector has remarkably underperformed relative to the rest of the world. The dissertation attempts to understand why aquaculture has not been so widely adopted in the U.S.A. in this dynamic aquaculture industry. It investigates the relationship between aquaculture stakeholders' perceptions and their intended actions. The data used in this dissertation were collected via an original online survey …

Go to article

Nonpoint Source Pollutant Monitering On The Ponaganset River Watershed, John C. Arruda Jr. Jan 2009

Nonpoint Source Pollutant Monitering On The Ponaganset River Watershed, John C. Arruda Jr.

Open Access Master's Theses

The Ponaganset River Basin consists of an area of 14.4 mi2 located in the town of Foster, Rhode Island. This area is located within the northwest region of the Scituate Watershed. The source of this river comes from the Ponaganset Reservoir with an area of 2.1 mi2 and a storage capacity of 742 MG. Water quality samples were collected at United States Geological Survey (USGS) site (01115187) which is approximately 5 miles down stream from the reservoir and 0.4 miles upstream from Barden Reservoir. The Ponaganset River has the largest mean daily discharge of all the sampling locations in the …

Go to article

Modeling And Experiments In Microchannels For The Separation And Detection Of Bacteria Using Antibody-Coated Filter And Quantum Dots, Narendra Sharma Jan 2009

Modeling And Experiments In Microchannels For The Separation And Detection Of Bacteria Using Antibody-Coated Filter And Quantum Dots, Narendra Sharma

Open Access Dissertations

Capture and detection of biomarkers for organisms is an important aspect in the design of a Lab-on-a-Chip (LOC). In this research, modeling and experiments were conducted to separate, capture and detect E. coli K12 bacteria from water samples using microchannels. Microchannels were fabricated using the soft lithography technique. The bacteria were separated from the sample and captured at a polyester filter whose surface was modified by attaching functional groups that had affinity for antibodies specific to E. coli K12. The bacteria bound to the functionalized filter were then tagged with quantum dots conjugated with E. coli K12-specific antibodies for detection …

Go to article

Making Room For One Another: Practicing Dynamic And Designed Dialogicality In A Kindergarten Classroom, Gerri August Jan 2009

Making Room For One Another: Practicing Dynamic And Designed Dialogicality In A Kindergarten Classroom, Gerri August

Open Access Dissertations

The territory of this critical ethnography lies at the intersection of democratic, transformative pedagogy and differences that made a difference in an urban kindergarten. It is an interpretation of a democratic, transformative educator responding to sociocultural differences that emerged in the classroom discourse. Often, such differences lead to otherization. This study interprets the constraints and possibilities that encouraged students to recognize and respect difference. The kindergarten classroom is interpreted in the framework of activity theory. Drawing largely on discourse analysis, this interpretation turns on the interplay between two primary elements in the activity system. The first is Zeke, the kindergarten …

Go to article

Petrogenesis And Eruption Dynamics At Hudson Volcano, Southern Chile, David Jon Kratzmann Jan 2009

Petrogenesis And Eruption Dynamics At Hudson Volcano, Southern Chile, David Jon Kratzmann

Open Access Dissertations

Petrogenesis and eruption dynamics at Hudson volcano, southern Chile Hudson volcano is the southern-most volcano of the Chilean Southern Volcanic Zone. There have been at least twelve Holocene to Recent explosive eruptions, the most significant of which were the 6700 years before present (yrs BP), the 3600 yrs BP, and 1991 eruptions. Pre-eruptive storage of the trachyandesite from the 1991 eruption occurred at pressures of ∼1.5-3.0 km depth at 972°C (±26) under water-saturated conditions. Magmas from the 1991 eruption can be related through combined fractional crystallization and magma mixing. An ascending basaltic magma may have intersected the trachyandesitic storage region …

Go to article

Simulating Widespread Tephra Dispersal From Explosive Volcanic Eruptions, Julie Ann Fero Jan 2009

Simulating Widespread Tephra Dispersal From Explosive Volcanic Eruptions, Julie Ann Fero

Open Access Dissertations

The primary objective of this work was to characterize the main eruptive and atmospheric conditions responsible for the formation of widespread tephra deposits observed within the geologic record. To accomplish these objectives, the Lagrangian ash dispersal model Puff was initially used to simulate two historic eruptions, the 1980 eruption of Mt. St. Helens (MSH) and the 1991 eruption of Mt. Pinatubo. Two high-resolution atmospheric reanalysis datasets (ERA-40 and NCEP/NCAR-40) were used for the simulations allowing trajectory analysis up to altitudes of 50 km. Results from these Puff simulations were directly compared to visible, infrared, and ultraviolet satellite images taken during …

Go to article

Evolution Of Tolerance To Pcbs And Susceptibility To A Bacterial Pathogen (Vibrio Harveyi) In Atlantic Killifish (Fundulus Heteroclitus) From New Bedford (Ma, Usa) Harbor, Diane Nacci, Marina Huber, Denise Champlin, Saro Jayaraman, Sarah Cohen, Eric Gauger, Allison Fong, Marta Gomez-Chiarri Jan 2009

Evolution Of Tolerance To Pcbs And Susceptibility To A Bacterial Pathogen (Vibrio Harveyi) In Atlantic Killifish (Fundulus Heteroclitus) From New Bedford (Ma, Usa) Harbor, Diane Nacci, Marina Huber, Denise Champlin, Saro Jayaraman, Sarah Cohen, Eric Gauger, Allison Fong, Marta Gomez-Chiarri

Fisheries, Animal and Veterinary Sciences Faculty Publications

A population of the non-migratory estuarine fish Fundulus heteroclitus (Atlantic killifish) resident to New Bedford (NB), Massachusetts, USA, an urban harbor highly contaminated with polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), demonstrates recently evolved tolerance to some aspects of PCB toxicity. PCB toxicology, ecological theory, and some precedence supported expectations of increased susceptibility to pathogens in NB killifish. However, laboratory bacterial challenges of the marine pathogen Vibrio harveyi to wild fish throughout the reproductive season and to their mature laboratory-raised progeny demonstrated comparable survival by NB and reference killifish, and improved survival by NB males. These results are inconsistent with hypothesized trade-offs of adaptation, …

Go to article

Beach Invertebrates Of Cape Cod National Seashore: Environmental Factors And The Effects Of Off-Road Vehicles, Jacqueline Michele Kluft Jan 2009

Beach Invertebrates Of Cape Cod National Seashore: Environmental Factors And The Effects Of Off-Road Vehicles, Jacqueline Michele Kluft

Open Access Dissertations

Off-road vehicle (ORV) effects on invertebrates inhabiting macrophyte debris (wrack) and supratidal sands on energetic beaches in the northeastern United States were studied at Cape Cod (MA) and Fire Island (NY) National Seashores. Cores, wrack quadrats, and pitfall traps were used to sample four beaches, all having vehicle-free sections next to ORV corridors. A manipulative experiment was performed by directly driving over wrack-filled, nylon-mesh bags colonized by beach invertebrates and subjected to traffic treatments. Pitfall traps at the wrackline had higher invertebrate abundances in vehicle-free than in high-traffic zones on all four beaches. Wrack abundance was higher on vehicle-free beaches. …

Go to article

Micro-Fluidic Based Numerical Simulations And Experiments On Streaming Induced By Oscillatory Flows, Chang Liu Jan 2009

Micro-Fluidic Based Numerical Simulations And Experiments On Streaming Induced By Oscillatory Flows, Chang Liu

Open Access Dissertations

Streaming effect induced in oscillatory viscous flows has been studied for more than a century. An intensive literature review is made first in this study, and the major applications related to streaming are discussed. In this study, the streaming problem is the fluid drifting phenomenon that occurs in a volume-cycled (tidal volume is fixed during oscillation) oscillatory flow in a channel with specified geometries (bifurcation networks and tapered shapes) Different from all the previous studies, this study extends the streaming effect down to the micro scale. Numerical approaches were carried out using Fluent (ANSYS, Inc., Canonsberg, PA), a commercial computational …

Go to article

Magical American Jew: The Enigma Of Difference In Contemporary Jewish American Short Fiction And Film, Aaron Tillman Jan 2009

Magical American Jew: The Enigma Of Difference In Contemporary Jewish American Short Fiction And Film, Aaron Tillman

Open Access Dissertations

Efforts to define contemporary Jewish American identity often reveal more questions than concrete articulations, more statements about what Jewish Americans are not than what they are. Such ambiguities pervade many works of Jewish American literature. Magical American Jew explores how certain writers and filmmakers have used magical realist techniques to portray the enigma of Jewish American difference. What I am characterizing as enigmatic is the indefinite yet undeniable difference that informs how many Jewish Americans envision themselves. In a felicitous way, magical realism also resists categorization. Marked by a "co-presence" of the natural and supernatural, magical realism allows past and …

Go to article

Eutrophication And The Macroscope, Scott W. Nixon Jan 2009

Eutrophication And The Macroscope, Scott W. Nixon

Graduate School of Oceanography Faculty Publications

It is important to view eutrophication as an increase in the supply of organic matter to an ecosystem rather than as a simple problem of nutrient pollution. This emphasizes that eutrophication is a fundamental change in the energetic base that may propagate through the system in various ways and produce a variety of changes. Some of these changes may be desirable (e.g., increased secondary production) and some may not (e.g., hypoxia). Defining eutrophication in terms of changing nutrient concentrations or chlorophyll levels or species composition confuses symptoms with the underlying phenomenon. While nutrient enrichment is the most common cause of …

Go to article

Epitope-Based Vaccination Against Pneumonic Tularemia, Stephen H. Gregory, Stephanie Mott, Jennifer Phung, Jinhee Lee, Leonard Moise, Julie A. Mcmurry, William Martin, Anne S. De Groot Jan 2009

Epitope-Based Vaccination Against Pneumonic Tularemia, Stephen H. Gregory, Stephanie Mott, Jennifer Phung, Jinhee Lee, Leonard Moise, Julie A. Mcmurry, William Martin, Anne S. De Groot

Institute for Immunology and Informatics Faculty Publications

Francisella tularensis, the etiological agent of tularemia, is one of the most infectious bacterial pathogens known. No vaccine is currently approved for public use. Previously, we identified epitopes recognized specifically by T cells obtained from individuals following infection with F. tularensis. Here, we report that a subunit vaccine constructed based upon these epitopes elicited protective immunity in “humanized” HLA class II (DRB1*0401) transgenic mice. Vaccinated mice challenged intratracheally with a lethal dose of F. tularensis (Live Vaccine Strain) exhibited a rapid increase in pro-inflammatory cytokine production and diminished number of organisms in the lungs, and a concurrent increased …

Go to article

First Prev Next Last