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Division Of Research And Economic Development Monthly Report For January 2016, Uri Division Of Research And Economic Development

Reports (Research and Economic Development)

The monthly reports include statistics for project proposals and awards received by individual academic and administrative departments at the University of Rhode Island.

Division Of Research And Economic Development Monthly Report For April 2016, Uri Division Of Research And Economic Development

Reports (Research and Economic Development)

The monthly reports include statistics for project proposals and awards received by individual academic and administrative departments at the University of Rhode Island.

Division Of Research And Economic Development Monthly Report For February 2016, Uri Division Of Research And Economic Development

Reports (Research and Economic Development)

The monthly reports include statistics for project proposals and awards received by individual academic and administrative departments at the University of Rhode Island.

Division Of Research And Economic Development Monthly Report For October 2016, Uri Division Of Research And Economic Development

Reports (Research and Economic Development)

The monthly reports include statistics for project proposals and awards received by individual academic and administrative departments at the University of Rhode Island.

Division Of Research And Economic Development Monthly Report For June 2016, Uri Division Of Research And Economic Development

Reports (Research and Economic Development)

The monthly reports include statistics for project proposals and awards received by individual academic and administrative departments at the University of Rhode Island.

Division Of Research And Economic Development Monthly Report For May 2016, Uri Division Of Research And Economic Development

Reports (Research and Economic Development)

The monthly reports include statistics for project proposals and awards received by individual academic and administrative departments at the University of Rhode Island.

Division Of Research And Economic Development Monthly Report For August 2016, Uri Division Of Research And Economic Development

Reports (Research and Economic Development)

The monthly reports include statistics for project proposals and awards received by individual academic and administrative departments at the University of Rhode Island.

Division Of Research And Economic Development Monthly Report For March 2016, Uri Division Of Research And Economic Development

Reports (Research and Economic Development)

The monthly reports include statistics for project proposals and awards received by individual academic and administrative departments at the University of Rhode Island.

Division Of Research And Economic Development Monthly Report For November 2016, Uri Division Of Research And Economic Development

Reports (Research and Economic Development)

The monthly reports include statistics for project proposals and awards received by individual academic and administrative departments at the University of Rhode Island.

Division Of Research And Economic Development Monthly Report For December 2016, Uri Division Of Research And Economic Development

Reports (Research and Economic Development)

The monthly reports include statistics for project proposals and awards received by individual academic and administrative departments at the University of Rhode Island.

Division Of Research And Economic Development Annual Report For Fy2016, Uri Division Of Research And Economic Development

Reports (Research and Economic Development)

Annual report for the Division of Research and Economic Development of the University of Rhode Island for the year 2015-2016.

Includes statistics of project proposals, expenditures, URI Foundation Awards, previous annual report summaries and awards received by individual academic and administrative departments.

Early-Life Exposure To Lead (Pb) Alters The Expression Of Microrna That Target Proteins Associated With Alzheimer’S Disease, Anwar M. Masoud, Syed W. Bihaqi, Jason T. Machan, Nasser H. Zawia, William Renehan

Interdisciplinary Neuroscience Program Faculty Publications

There is a growing recognition of the impact of environmental toxins on the epigenetic regulation of gene expression, including the genes that play a critical role in neural development, neural function and neurodegeneration. We have shown previously that exposure to the heavy metal lead (Pb) in early life results in a latent over-expression of AD-related proteins in rodents and primates. The present study provides evidence that early postnatal exposure to Pb also alters the expression of select miRNA. Mice were exposed to 0.2% Pb acetate from Postnatal Day 1 (PND 1, first 24 hours after birth) to PND 20 via …

Dengue Vaccine: The Need, The Challenges And Progress, Alan L. Rothman, Francis A. Ennis

Institute for Immunology and Informatics Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Cpg Improves Influenza Vaccine Efficacy In Young Adult But Not Aged Mice, Alejandro Ramirez, Mary Co, Anuja Matthew

Institute for Immunology and Informatics Faculty Publications

Several studies have shown a reduced efficacy of influenza vaccines in the elderly compared to young adults. In this study, we evaluated the immunogenicity and protective efficacy of a commercially available inactivated influenza vaccine (Fluzone^®) in young adult and aged mice. C57/BL6 mice were administered a single or double immunization of Fluzone^® with or without CpG and challenged intranasally with H1N1 A/California/09 virus. A double immunization of Fluzone^® adjuvanted with CpG elicited the highest level of protection in young adult mice which was associated with increases in influenza specific IgG, elevated HAI titres, reduced viral titres …

Tick‐, Mosquito‐, And Rodent‐Borne Parasite Sampling Designs For The National Ecological Observatory Network, Yuri P. Springer, Howard S. Ginsberg, Et Al

Plant Sciences and Entomology Faculty Publications

Parasites and pathogens are increasingly recognized as significant drivers of ecological and evolutionary change in natural ecosystems. Concurrently, transmission of infectious agents among human, livestock, and wildlife populations represents a growing threat to veterinary and human health. In light of these trends and the scarcity of long‐term time series data on infection rates among vectors and reservoirs, the National Ecological Observatory Network (NEON) will collect measurements and samples of a suite of tick‐, mosquito‐, and rodent‐borne parasites through a continental‐scale surveillance program. Here, we describe the sampling designs for these efforts, highlighting sampling priorities, field and analytical methods, and the …

Momentum: Research & Innovation For Fall 2016, University Of Rhode Island

Publications (Research and Economic Development)

The Fall 2016 issue of Momentum: Research & Innovation, a periodical focused on research at the University of Rhode Island.

Ploidy Distribution Of The Harmful Bloom Forming Macroalgae Ulva Spp. In Narragansett Bay, Rhode Island, Usa, Using Flow Cytometry Methods, Elaine E. Potter, Carol S. Thornber, John-David Swanson, Malcolm Mcfarland

Biological Sciences Faculty Publications

Macroalgal blooms occur worldwide and have the potential to cause severe ecological and economic damage. Narragansett Bay, RI is a eutrophic system that experiences summer macroalgal blooms composed mostly of Ulva compressa and Ulva rigida, which have biphasic life cycles with separate haploid and diploid phases. In this study, we used flow cytometry to assess ploidy levels of U. compressa and U. rigida populations from five sites in Narragansett Bay, RI, USA, to assess the relative contribution of both phases to bloom formation. Both haploid gametophytes and diploid sporophytes were present for both species. Sites ranged from …

Dropping Behavior In The Pea Aphid: How Does Environmental Context Affect Anti-Predator Responses?, Katharine V. Harrison, Evan L. Preisser

Biological Sciences Faculty Publications

The pea aphid Acyrthosiphon pisumHarris (Hemiptera: Aphididae) is a phloem-feeding insect whose antipredator defenses include kicking, walking away, and dropping from the plant. Aphid dropping, a risky and energetically costly antipredator behavior, can be increased by the release of aphid alarm pheromone; there is also evidence that insect density and plant health can affect the likelihood of aphids engaging in this behavior. We investigated whether interactions between alarm cues, insect density, and plant health can alter the dropping behavior of aphids in response to an artificial disturbance. The presence of the alarm pheromone E-β-farnesene resulted in a nearly 15-fold …

Detection Of Artificial Water Flows By The Lateral Line System Of A Benthic Feeding Cichlid Fish, Margot A. B. Schwalbe, Benjamin J. Sevey, Jacqueline F. Webb

Biological Sciences Faculty Publications

The mechanosensory lateral line system of fishes detects water motions within a few body lengths of the source. Several types of artificial stimuli have been used to probe lateral line function in the laboratory, but few studies have investigated the role of flow sensing in benthic feeding teleosts. In this study, we used artificial flows emerging from a sandy substrate to assess the contribution of flow sensing to prey detection in the peacock cichlid, Aulonocara stuartgranti, which feeds on benthic invertebrates in Lake Malawi. Using a positive reinforcement protocol, we trained fish to respond to flows lacking the visual …

Laser Facilitates Vaccination, Ji Wang, Peiyu Li, Xinyuan Chen, Mei X. Wu

Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences Faculty Publications

Development of novel vaccine deliveries and vaccine adjuvants is of great importance to address the dilemma that the vaccine field faces: to improve vaccine efficacy without compromising safety. Harnessing the specific effects of laser on biological systems, a number of novel concepts have been proposed and proved in recent years to facilitate vaccination in a safer and more efficient way. The key advantage of using laser technology in vaccine delivery and adjuvantation is that all processes are initiated by physical effects with no foreign chemicals administered into the body. Here, we review the recent advances in using laser technology to …

Distinguishing Offshore Bird Hunting From Beach Scavenging In Archaeological Contexts: The Value Of Modern Beach Surveys, Kristine Bovy, Jessica E. Watson, Jane Dolliver, Julia K. Parrish

Sociology and Anthropology Faculty Publications

Determining whether seabirds recovered from coastal shell middens were obtained via active hunting or scavenging of beached carcasses is a challenge for archaeologists. Traditional methods have included analyzing skeletal part frequencies, abundance, age profiles, and contextual evidence. The assumption has been made, based on limited biological data, that an assemblage of carcasses scavenged from the beach will have more wing elements, and fewer legs and heads. Few studies, however, have embraced modern beaching data to verify this assumption and assess the potential faunal resources available for scavenging. We analyze the skeletal part representation of modern beached birds observed by the …

When Are Medical Apps Medical? Off-Label Use And The Food And Drug Administration, William H. Krieger

Philosophy Faculty Publications

People have a love/hate relationship with rapidly changing healthcare technology. While consumer demand for medical apps continues to grow as rapidly as does supply (there are over 100,000 health, wellness and medical applications, or ‘apps’ on the market), healthcare professionals and safety experts worry about the impact of these apps on the health consumer. In response to the rapidly growing mobile healthcare sector, the Food and Drug Administration has put forth guidelines to regulate ‘mobile medical apps’ (MMAs), those health-related apps that are (self) designated as medical devices. In this article, I argue that this decision, to only regulate apps …

Niche Shifts And Energetic Condition Of Songbirds In Response To Phenology Of Food-Resource Availability In A High-Elevation Sagebrush Ecosystem, Kyle A. Cutting, Michelle L. Anderson, Erik A. Beever, Sean R. Schroff, Eric Klaphake, Nathan Korb, Scott R. Mcwilliams

Natural Resources Science Faculty Publications

Seasonal fluctuations in food availability can affect diets of consumers, which in turn may influence the physiological state of individuals and shape intra- and inter-specific patterns of resource use. High-elevation ecosystems often exhibit a pronounced seasonal “pulse” in productivity, although few studies document how resource use and energetic condition by avian consumers change in relation to food-resource availability in these ecosystems. We tested the hypothesis that seasonal increases (pulses) in food resources in high-elevation sagebrush ecosystems result in 2 changes after the pulse, relative to the before-pulse period: (1) reduced diet breadth of, and overlap between, 2 sympatric sparrow species; …

The Role Of The Antioxidant System During Intense Endurance Exercise: Lessons From Migrating Birds, Clara Cooper-Mullin, Scott R. Mcwilliams

Natural Resources Science Faculty Publications

During migration, birds substantially increase their metabolic rate and burn fats as fuel and yet somehow avoid succumbing to overwhelming oxidative damage. The physiological means by which vertebrates such as migrating birds can counteract an increased production of reactive species (RS) are rather limited: they can upregulate their endogenous antioxidant system and/or consume dietary antioxidants (prophylactically or therapeutically). Thus, birds can alter different components of their antioxidant system to respond to the demands of long-duration flights, but much remains to be discovered about the complexities of RS production and antioxidant protection throughout migration. Here, we use bird migration as an …

Dislodgement Force And Shell Morphology Vary According To Wave Exposure In A Tropical Gastropod (Cittarium Pica), Graham E. Forrester, Reuben J.A. Macfarlan, Allison J. Holevoet, Sarah Merolla

Natural Resources Science Faculty Publications

Wave exposure has strong influences on population density, morphology and behaviour of intertidal species in temperate zones, but little is known about how intertidal organisms in tropical regions respond to gradients in wave exposure. We tested whether dislodgement force and shell shape of a tropical gastropod, Cittarium pica, differs among shores that vary in wave exposure. After adjusting for body size, we found that C. pica from exposed shores required greater dislodgement force to remove them from the shore, had slightly larger opercula (the closure to the shell aperture), and were slightly squatter in shape (reduced in shell height …

Design For Mosquito Abundance, Diversity, And Phenology Sampling Within The National Ecological Observatory Network, D. Hoekman, Y. P. Springer, C. M. Barker, R. Barrera, M. S. Blackmore, W. E. Bradshaw, D. H. Foley, Howard S. Ginsberg, M. H. Hayden, C. M. Holzapfel, S. A. Juliano, L. D. Kramer, S. L. Ladeau, T. P. Livdahl, C. G. Moore, R. S. Nasci, W. K. Reisen, H. M. Savage

Plant Sciences and Entomology Faculty Publications

The National Ecological Observatory Network (NEON) intends to monitor mosquito populations across its broad geographical range of sites because of their prevalence in food webs, sensitivity to abiotic factors, and relevance for human health. We describe the design of mosquito population sampling in the context of NEON's long‐term continental scale monitoring program, emphasizing the sampling design schedule, priorities, and collection methods. Freely available NEON data and associated field and laboratory samples, will increase our understanding of how mosquito abundance, demography, diversity, and phenology are responding to land use and climate change.

Review Of Fortey, Richard: Fossils: The Key To The Past, Judith B. Barnett

Technical Services Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Special Issue On Economics Of Water Quality: Challenges, Policies, And Behavioral Mechanisms, Todd Guilfoos, Emi Uchida

Environmental and Natural Resource Economics Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Directly Measured Denitrification Reveals Oyster Aquaculture And Restored Oyster Reefs Remove Nitrogen At Comparable High Rates, Austin T. Humphries, Suzanne G. Ayvazian, Joanna C. Carey, Boze T. Hancock, Sinead Grabbert, Donald Cobb, Charles J. Strobel, Robinson W. Futweiler

Fisheries, Animal and Veterinary Sciences Faculty Publications

Coastal systems are increasingly impacted by over-enrichment of nutrients, which has cascading effects for ecosystem functioning. Oyster restoration and aquaculture are both hypothesized to mitigate excessive nitrogen (N) loads via benthic denitrification. The degree to which these management activities perform similar functions for removing N, however, has not been extensively examined in New England, a place where nutrient runoff is high and increasing oyster (Crassostrea virginica) restoration and aquaculture activity is taking place. Here, we use a novel in situ methodology to directly measure net N₂ and O₂ fluxes across the sediment-water interface in a shallow …

Fish Species Associated With Shipwreck And Natural Hard-Bottom Habitats From The Middle To Outer Continental Shelf Of The Middle Atlantic Bight Near Norfolk Canyon, Steve W. Ross, Mike Rhode, Stephen T. Viada, Ian Roderick Mather

History Faculty Publications

Fish species of the Middle Atlantic Bight (MAB) continental shelf are well known; however, species occupying hard-bottom habitats, particularly on the outer shelf, are poorly documented. Reef-like habitats are relatively uncommon on the MAB shelf; therefore, shipwrecks may represent a significant habitat resource. During fall 2012 and spring 2013, 9 sites (depths: 42–126 m) near Norfolk Canyon were surveyed by using remotely operated vehicles. One site consisted of sand bottom, one consisted of predominantly natural hard bottom, and 7 sites included 8 large shipwrecks. Of 38 fish taxa identified, 33 occurred on hard bottom and 25 occurred on soft substrata. …