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Articles 10291 - 10320 of 11821
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Investigation Into Toll Like Receptor Mechanisms Of Action, In Relation To Porphyromonas Gingivalis In Periodontitis, Jonathan Lane
Investigation Into Toll Like Receptor Mechanisms Of Action, In Relation To Porphyromonas Gingivalis In Periodontitis, Jonathan Lane
The Plymouth Student Scientist
Periodontitis is a chronic inflammatory disease caused by bacterial invasion of the gingival epithelial cells within the oral cavity (Bostanci and Belibasakis, 2012). A key bacterium responsible for this is Porphyromonas gingivalis (P. gingivalis), a gram negative bacterium that evades the host immune system by cell infection. The chronic inflammation shown in periodontitis can cause tissue damage and bone degradation; this can lead to tooth loss (Hajishengallis et al 2011). Within this review P.gingivalis mechanisms of infection are outlined, along with its mediation of the immune system. Recognition by Toll like receptors is also investigated, and the literature on the …
What Factors Structure Anthozoan Microbial Communities?, Joanna Warwick-Dugdale
What Factors Structure Anthozoan Microbial Communities?, Joanna Warwick-Dugdale
The Plymouth Student Scientist
The coral holobiont is a complex and diverse composition of organisms including algae, bacteria and viruses. A number of factors suggested as vital in shaping these communities are considered here. The anthozoan host generates great diversity within its microbiota via spatial and metabolic structuring at both macro- and micro-scales; coral communities appear to be somewhat species-specific, yet spatial and temporal variation in coral microbiota suggests the significance of environmental agents. Increasing sea temperatures may cause fatal dissolution of the coral-algal partnership (coral bleaching), and although some adaptation to elevated temperature appears possible, anthropogenic stressors such as reduced pH and sedimentation …
The Medicinal And Pharmacological Screening Of Wheatgrass Juice (Triticum Aestivum L.): An Investigation Into Chlorophyll Content And Antimicrobial Activity, Patrick Wakeham
The Plymouth Student Scientist
Plant products are of increasing interest in the search for new drugs and medicines in the treatment of disease; and the discovery of new alternatives to existing antibiotics is an important area of this research due to pathogen resistance. One example of a plant product currently under pharmacological investigation is wheatgrass juice; a dietary supplement derived from Triticum aestivum L. There is both anecdotal and scientific evidence to suggest that the medicinal efficacy of this plant may be due to its high chlorophyll concentrations. In this study chlorophyll fresh weight was determined in mg/100g for organic field grown wheatgrass juice …
The Effect Of Copper-Induced Oxidative Stress On Regeneration In Anemonia Viridis (Forskäl, 1775), Katharine Childs
The Effect Of Copper-Induced Oxidative Stress On Regeneration In Anemonia Viridis (Forskäl, 1775), Katharine Childs
The Plymouth Student Scientist
The release of pollutants such as metals into the aquatic environment has raised concerns over the health of coral reefs, as elevated concentrations of metals are known to cause oxidative stress and bleaching. This is an important issue to address as metals are continuously released into the environment and there is evidence that metals such as copper can still be prevalent after historical mining activities, particularly in estuaries around the Plymouth Sound, UK. Anemonia viridis is commonly found around this area and is used in the literature as a model organism for coral species. A.viridis harbours symbiotic zooxanthellae and is …
Heat Stress In Captive Endothermic Animals, Samantha Ward
Heat Stress In Captive Endothermic Animals, Samantha Ward
The Plymouth Student Scientist
Approximately 26 billion captive animals, spanning over 10, 000 species (Mason 2010) are housed in artificial habitats and face a wide range of potential environmental challenges. These include abiotic sources of stress, for instance, artificial lighting, exposure to loud or aversive sound, arousing odours and uncomfortable temperatures or substrates. In addition, confinement-specific stressors such as restricted movement, forced proximity to humans or conspecifics, reduced feeding opportunities and other behavioural restrictions (Morgan & Tromborg 2007). There is enormous variation between species in how they react to captivity, even among close taxonomic relatives (Mason 2010). Captive wild animals are often healthier, live …
Feeding Strategies In Sympatric Red Howler Monkeys (Alouatta Seniculus), Saddleback Tamarins (Saguinus Fuscicollis) And Squirrel Monkeys (Saimiri Boliviensis), In The Pacaya-Samiria National Reserve, Peru, Aimee May
The Plymouth Student Scientist
This study investigated the feeding strategies of sympatric red howlers (Alouatta seniculus), saddleback tamarins (Saguinus fuscicollis) and squirrel monkeys (Saimiri boliviensis) in the Pacaya-Samiria National Reserve, Peru. The habitat types occupied during all behaviours and purely when feeding differed significantly between the three species (p<0.005). The overall diet consumption was also shown to be significantly different between the three species (p<0.005). These results demonstrated that niche separation between these sympatric primates may be achieved through differences in habitat types used for foraging and food types consumed. Data from this study was compared with data collected at the same site using the same methods in 2011. The diet composition differed significantly within each of the species between 2011 and 2012 (p<0.005). It could be proposed that factors such as changes in climate may have an impact on the rainforest ecosystem, and consequently affect the feeding strategies of primates, however further research is required to determine if this is the case and the exact impacts this would have on the primates.
The Effectiveness Of Management Options In Reducing Human Disturbance To Wetland And Coastal Birds, Christopher Batey
The Effectiveness Of Management Options In Reducing Human Disturbance To Wetland And Coastal Birds, Christopher Batey
The Plymouth Student Scientist
Human disturbance to wildlife is a serious conservation issue for many groups of species. Birds inhabiting wetland and coastal environments may be of particular concern as they are exposed to disturbance both on land and on water, and due to growing pressure from tourism and leisure activities human disturbance in these environments may increase in the future. There are a wide variety of available management options referred to in the literature which aim to reduce or mitigate the negative impacts of disturbance to wetland and coastal birds. This review assesses the evidence for the effectiveness of these different management measures …
Investigating The Relative Importance Of Parentage Versus Environmental Factors On Heterochrony In Basommatophoran Freshwater Snails, Myriam Vanderzwalmen
Investigating The Relative Importance Of Parentage Versus Environmental Factors On Heterochrony In Basommatophoran Freshwater Snails, Myriam Vanderzwalmen
The Plymouth Student Scientist
The importance of genetics in inter-specific heterochrony is long known; however, intra-specific heterochrony was believed to be driven by environmental variation. Recent studies on Radix balthica showed higher similarity in developmental timing across generations in genetically similar embryos than in distantly related individuals. In the present study, the relative importance of parentage and egg-mass origin is compared with the environmental importance in generating the heterochrony in Radix balthica. Six developmental events were recorded daily. The analysis of the variations showed that parentage influencing variation in developmental timing to be more important than environmental conditions. Only hatching was affected by the …
Bending Stresses Of Steel Web Tapered Tee Section Cantilevers, Boksun Kim, Andrew Oliver, Joshua Vyse
Bending Stresses Of Steel Web Tapered Tee Section Cantilevers, Boksun Kim, Andrew Oliver, Joshua Vyse
School of Engineering, Computing and Mathematics
No abstract provided.
Alcohol Consumption In Young Adults: The Role Of Multisensory Imagery., Jp Connor, Dj Kavanagh, J Andrade, J May, Gfx Feeney, Mj Gullo, Am White, M-L Fry, J Drennan, J Previte, D Tjondronegoro
Alcohol Consumption In Young Adults: The Role Of Multisensory Imagery., Jp Connor, Dj Kavanagh, J Andrade, J May, Gfx Feeney, Mj Gullo, Am White, M-L Fry, J Drennan, J Previte, D Tjondronegoro
School of Psychology
Little is known about the subjective experience of alcohol desire and craving in young people. Descriptions of alcohol urges continue to be extensively used in the everyday lexicon of young, non-dependent drinkers. Elaborated Intrusion (EI) Theory contends that imagery is central to craving and desires, and predicts that alcohol-related imagery will be associated with greater frequency and amount of drinking. This study involved 1,535 age stratified 18- 25 year olds who completed an alcohol–related survey that included the Imagery scale of the Alcohol Craving Experience (ACE) questionnaire. Imagery items predicted 12-16% of the variance in concurrent alcohol consumption. Higher total …
Evaluation And Selection Of Barley Genotypes For Salt Stress Resistance Using Tissue Culture Techniques And Sds-Page Gel Electrophoresis, Emr Metwali, Smh Gowayed, Oa Almagrabi, Yy Mosleh, Mp Fuller
Evaluation And Selection Of Barley Genotypes For Salt Stress Resistance Using Tissue Culture Techniques And Sds-Page Gel Electrophoresis, Emr Metwali, Smh Gowayed, Oa Almagrabi, Yy Mosleh, Mp Fuller
School of Biological and Marine Sciences
Genetic analysis was studied in a 5 × 5 diallel cross following Hayman's diallel analysis approach to obtain additive and dominance components of genetic variance using a mature embryo culture protocol. Different concentrations of NaCl at 5 and 10 g L-1 were added to each medium. Callus fresh weight (g), shoot length (cm), root length (cm), proline (μg g-1), sodium (mg g-1 and potassium (mg g-1) content were determined. Also, screening for non-water-soluble protein polymorphism was carried out using leaves derived via callus culture and analysis using SDS-PAGE. Results on the genetic behaviour for previously traits, indicating the differences among …
Association Of Diabetes In Pregnancy With Child Weight At Birth, Age 12 Months And 5 Years – A Population-Based Electronic Cohort Study, Kelly Morgan, Mohammed Rahman, Mark Atkinson, Shang Ming Zhou, Rebecca Hill, Ashrafunnesa Khanom, Shantini Paranjothy, Sinead Brophy
Association Of Diabetes In Pregnancy With Child Weight At Birth, Age 12 Months And 5 Years – A Population-Based Electronic Cohort Study, Kelly Morgan, Mohammed Rahman, Mark Atkinson, Shang Ming Zhou, Rebecca Hill, Ashrafunnesa Khanom, Shantini Paranjothy, Sinead Brophy
School of Nursing and Midwifery
No abstract provided.
A Cost-Effectiveness Analysis Of Water Security And Water Quality: Impacts Of Climate And Land-Use Change On The River Thames System, P. G. Whitehead, J. Crossman, B. B. Balana, M. N. Futter, S. Comber, L. Jin, D. Skuras, Aj Wade, M. J. Bowes, D. S. Read
A Cost-Effectiveness Analysis Of Water Security And Water Quality: Impacts Of Climate And Land-Use Change On The River Thames System, P. G. Whitehead, J. Crossman, B. B. Balana, M. N. Futter, S. Comber, L. Jin, D. Skuras, Aj Wade, M. J. Bowes, D. S. Read
School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences
The catchment of the River Thames, the principal river system in southern England, provides the main water supply for London but is highly vulnerable to changes in climate, land use and population. The river is eutrophic with significant algal blooms with phosphorus assumed to be the primary chemical indicator of ecosystem health. In the Thames Basin, phosphorus is available from point sources such as wastewater treatment plants and from diffuse sources such as agriculture. In order to predict vulnerability to future change, the integrated catchments model for phosphorus (INCA-P) has been applied to the river basin and used to assess …
Creating Entrepreneurial Sports Management Graduates, Amanda Jones, Paul Jones
Creating Entrepreneurial Sports Management Graduates, Amanda Jones, Paul Jones
Plymouth Business School
Objectives Given the high unemployment rates being experienced by graduates, the importance of small business start-up has increased significantly, with greater priority being placed upon the development of entrepreneurial skills across the educational sector. However, there is a limited literature considering the student experience and issues involved with supporting non-Business discipline students attaining entrepreneurial competencies. This study explores the attitudes and experience of Sports Development and Sports Management students towards entrepreneurship education highlighting, best practice from a pedagogical perspective. Prior Work There is limited literature discussing the impact and issues involved with the effective delivery of entrepreneurship education in non-Business …
Understanding Long-Term Changes In Species Abundance Using A Niche-Based Approach, P Helaouët, G Beaugrand, M Edwards
Understanding Long-Term Changes In Species Abundance Using A Niche-Based Approach, P Helaouët, G Beaugrand, M Edwards
School of Biological and Marine Sciences
One of the major challenges to understanding population changes in ecology for assessment purposes is the difficulty in evaluating the suitability of an area for a given species. Here we used a new simple approach able to faithfully predict through time the abundance of two key zooplanktonic species by focusing on the relationship between the species' environmental preferences and their observed abundances. The approach is applied to the marine copepods Calanus finmarchicus and C. helgolandicus as a case study characterising the multidecadal dynamics of the North Sea ecosystem. We removed all North Sea data from the Continuous Plankton Recorder (CPR) …
Health And Physical Education (Hpe) Teachers In Primary Schools: Supplementing The Debate., Tj Lynch
Health And Physical Education (Hpe) Teachers In Primary Schools: Supplementing The Debate., Tj Lynch
Plymouth Institute of Education
The purpose of this article [from the Active & Healthy Magazine, Volume 20, Issue 3/4 2013] is to join in the debate around who is best prepared to provide quality Health and Physical Education lessons (HPE) in primary schools. Christina Curry’s article ‘Why public primary schools need specialist PE teachers’ [in July 2012] advocated specialist PE teachers and Natalie McMaster’s article ‘Generalist Teachers; Ideal candidates for providing developmentally appropriate, best practice instruction in physical education in early childhood and primary settings’ advocated generalist classroom teachers [in March 2013]. Both articles published in the Active and Healthy Magazine raise pertinent issues …
School Centres For Teaching Excellence (Scte): Understanding New Directions For Schools And Universities In Health And Physical Education, T Lynch
Plymouth Institute of Education
This paper critically analyzes a community collaborative approach for implementing Health and Physical Education (HPE) lessons within Gippsland primary schools (Victoria, Australia). The rural community collaborations reflected upon are embedded within the Victorian Department of Education and Early Childhood Development (DEECD) ‘School Centres for Teaching Excellence’ (SCTE) initiative and are timely with the current curriculum reform in Health and Physical Education. The purpose of this paper is to reflect on and share the experiential learning offered where the curriculum is relevant, engaging, contemporary, physically active, enjoyable and developmentally appropriate for all stakeholders; namely university pre-service teachers, primary school children and …
Neratinib Overcomes Trastuzumab Resistance In Her2 Amplified Breast Cancer, A Canonici, M Gijsen, M Mullooly, R Bennett, Et Al
Neratinib Overcomes Trastuzumab Resistance In Her2 Amplified Breast Cancer, A Canonici, M Gijsen, M Mullooly, R Bennett, Et Al
Peninsula Medical School
Trastuzumab has been shown to improve the survival outcomes of HER2 positive breast cancer patients. However, a significant proportion of HER2-positive patients are either inherently resistant or develop resistance to trastuzumab. We assessed the effects of neratinib, an irreversible panHER inhibitor, in a panel of 36 breast cancer cell lines. We further assessed its effects with or without trastuzumab in several sensitive and resistant breast cancer cells as well as a BT474 xenograft model. We confirmed that neratinib was significantly more active in HER2-amplified than HER2 non-amplified cell lines. Neratinib decreased the activation of the 4 HER receptors and inhibited …
Fingerprinting Polychlorinated Biphenyls In Environmental Samples Using Comprehensive Two-Dimensional Gas Chromatography With Time-Of-Flight Mass Spectrometry, David Megson, Robert Kalin, Paul J. Worsfold, Caroline Gauchotte-Lindsay, Pdg Jr, Maeve C. Lohan, Sean Comber, Thomas A. Brown, Gwen O'Sullivan
Fingerprinting Polychlorinated Biphenyls In Environmental Samples Using Comprehensive Two-Dimensional Gas Chromatography With Time-Of-Flight Mass Spectrometry, David Megson, Robert Kalin, Paul J. Worsfold, Caroline Gauchotte-Lindsay, Pdg Jr, Maeve C. Lohan, Sean Comber, Thomas A. Brown, Gwen O'Sullivan
School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences
No abstract provided.
On The Electrodynamics Of Neural Networks, Pb Graben, S Rodrigues
On The Electrodynamics Of Neural Networks, Pb Graben, S Rodrigues
School of Engineering, Computing and Mathematics
We present a microscopic approach for the coupling of cortical activity, as resulting from proper dipole currents of pyramidal neurons, to the electromagnetic field in extracellular fluid in presence of diffusion and Ohmic conduction. Starting from a full-fledged three-compartment model of a single pyramidal neuron, including shunting and dendritic propagation, we derive an observation model for dendritic dipole currents in extracellular space and thereby for the dendritic field potential that contributes to the local field potential of a neural population. Under reasonable simplifications, we then derive a leaky integrate-and-fire model for the dynamics of a neural network, which facilitates comparison …
A Flexible And Robust Large Scale Capacitive Tactile System For Robots, P Maiolino, M Maggiali, G Cannata, G Metta, L Natale
A Flexible And Robust Large Scale Capacitive Tactile System For Robots, P Maiolino, M Maggiali, G Cannata, G Metta, L Natale
School of Engineering, Computing and Mathematics
Capacitive technology allows building sensors that are small, compact and have high sensitivity. For this reason it has been widely adopted in robotics. In a previous work we presented a compliant skin system based on capacitive technology consisting of triangular modules interconnected to form a system of sensors that can be deployed on non-flat surfaces. This solution has been successfully adopted to cover various humanoid robots. The main limitation of this and all the approaches based on capacitive technology is that they require to embed a deformable dielectric layer (usually made using an elastomer) covered by a conductive layer. This …
A Delphi Study To Determine The European Core Curriculum For Master Programmes In Genetic Counselling, H Skirton, S Barnoy, C Ingvoldstad, I Van Kessel, Et Al
A Delphi Study To Determine The European Core Curriculum For Master Programmes In Genetic Counselling, H Skirton, S Barnoy, C Ingvoldstad, I Van Kessel, Et Al
School of Nursing and Midwifery
Genetic counsellors have been working in some European countries for at least 30 years. Although there are great disparities between the numbers, education, practice and acceptance of these professionals across Europe, it is evident that genetic counsellors and genetic nurses in Europe are working autonomously within teams to deliver patient care. The aim of this study was to use the Delphi research method to develop a core curriculum to guide the educational preparation of these professionals in Europe. The Delphi method enables the researcher to utilise the views and opinions of a group of recognised experts in the field of …
The Memory City Project: Part Of The Portfolio Memory City, I Rae
The Memory City Project: Part Of The Portfolio Memory City, I Rae
School of Art, Design and Architecture
No abstract provided.
The New Coast Laboratory At Plymouth University: A World-Class Facility For Marine Energy, K Collins, G Iglesias, S Stripling, A Toffoli, Dm Greaves
The New Coast Laboratory At Plymouth University: A World-Class Facility For Marine Energy, K Collins, G Iglesias, S Stripling, A Toffoli, Dm Greaves
School of Engineering, Computing and Mathematics
No abstract provided.
B, Bs, K And Pi Weak Matrix Elements With Physical Light Quarks, Rj Dowdall, Cth Davies, Rr Horgan, Gp Lepage, C Mcneile, Cj Monahan, J Shigemitsu
B, Bs, K And Pi Weak Matrix Elements With Physical Light Quarks, Rj Dowdall, Cth Davies, Rr Horgan, Gp Lepage, C Mcneile, Cj Monahan, J Shigemitsu
School of Engineering, Computing and Mathematics
Calculations of pseudoscalar decay constants of B, Bs, K and pi mesons with physical light quarks are presented. We use HISQ ensembles that include u,d,s and c sea quarks at three lattice spacings. HISQ is used for the valence light quarks and a radiatively improved NRQCD action for the heavy quarks. The key results are f_{B^+}=0.184(4)$ GeV, f_{B_s}=0.224(4) GeV, f_{B_s}/f_{B^+}=1.217(8), f_{K^+}/f_{pi^+}=1.1916(21), f_{K^+}=155.37(34) MeV, giving a significant improvement over previous results that required chiral extrapolation. We also calculate the Wilson flow scale w_0, finding w_0=0.1715(9) fm.
Using Building Simulation To Drive Changes In Occupant Behaviour: A Pilot Study, Wilde P De, S Pahl, N Hamza, S Wei, R Jones, I Abohela
Using Building Simulation To Drive Changes In Occupant Behaviour: A Pilot Study, Wilde P De, S Pahl, N Hamza, S Wei, R Jones, I Abohela
School of Psychology
No abstract provided.
Generation Of Baroclinic Tides Over An Isolated Underwater Bank, Vasiliy Vlasenko, Nataliya Stashchuk, Matthew R. Palmer, Mark E. Inall
Generation Of Baroclinic Tides Over An Isolated Underwater Bank, Vasiliy Vlasenko, Nataliya Stashchuk, Matthew R. Palmer, Mark E. Inall
School of Biological and Marine Sciences
The interaction of stratified tidal flow with an isolated bank (Jones Bank in the Celtic Sea) was investigated numerically and using observational data collected during the 25th research cruise of the R/V James Cook in July 2008. Two scenarios of observed wave generation, one with pure tidal forcing and another with an extra background current, were reproduced numerically and compared against the observational data. It was found that the tidal currents alone produced subcritical conditions for the first-mode internal wave generation and supercritical flow for the second-mode waves. Under these conditions, the first-mode waves with amplitudes up to 10 m …
Numerical And Physical Modelling Of Extreme Wave Impacts On A Stationary Truncated Circular Cylinder, E Ransley, M Hann, D Greaves, A Raby, D Simmonds
Numerical And Physical Modelling Of Extreme Wave Impacts On A Stationary Truncated Circular Cylinder, E Ransley, M Hann, D Greaves, A Raby, D Simmonds
School of Engineering, Computing and Mathematics
No abstract provided.
Youth Offending Team Partnerships And The Social Context Of Youth Crime, P Gray
Youth Offending Team Partnerships And The Social Context Of Youth Crime, P Gray
School of Law, Humanities and Social Sciences
No abstract provided.
Development Of A Chemical Source Apportionment Decision Support Framework For Catchment Management., Sean D.W. Comber, Russell Smith, Peter Daldorph, Michael J. Gardner, Carlos Constantino, Brian Ellor
Development Of A Chemical Source Apportionment Decision Support Framework For Catchment Management., Sean D.W. Comber, Russell Smith, Peter Daldorph, Michael J. Gardner, Carlos Constantino, Brian Ellor
School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences
EU legislation, including the Water Framework Directive, has led to the application of increasingly stringent quality standards for a wide range of chemical contaminants in surface waters. This has raised the question of how to determine and to quantify the sources of such substances so that measures can be taken to address breaches of these quality standards using the polluter pays principle. Contaminants enter surface waters via a number of diffuse and point sources. Decision support tools are required to assess the relative magnitudes of these sources and to estimate the impacts of any programmes of measures. This work describes …