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Characterisation Of Cytokine Gene Polymorphisms In Patients With Acute Pancreatitis, Kevin Sargen Jan 1999

Characterisation Of Cytokine Gene Polymorphisms In Patients With Acute Pancreatitis, Kevin Sargen

Peninsula Medical School Theses

Background and Aims Acute Pancreatitis is an inflammatory disorder of varied aetiology and outcome. Tumour necrosis factor (TNF) and interleukin-10 are important mediators of disease pathogenesis. To investigate if the TNF and IL-10 gene loci influence susceptibility to and severity of acute pancreatitis, 135 patients with acute pancreatitis, ethnically matched normal controls, and alcoholics without pancreatic disease were studied. Methods Aetiology was classified as being secondary to alcohol, gallstones, or idiopathic. Patients were stratified into groups according to disease severity by assigning an organ failure score. Three TNF microsatellite loci (TNFa, TNFb, and TNFc), the -308 polymorphism within the TNF …

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Potential Use Of Protease Enzymes In Liquid Diets For Pigs, Jane Davina Beal Jan 1999

Potential Use Of Protease Enzymes In Liquid Diets For Pigs, Jane Davina Beal

Other Faculty of Science and Engineering Theses

A programme of study was undertaken to assess the effect of pretreating raw soya bean and processed full fat soyabean meals with protease enzymes prior to use in liquid feed for grower and finisher pigs. A series of laboratory studies was undertaken to examine the efficacy of three microbial proteases (P2, P3 and P4) in partially hydrolysing soya protein and in reducing the levels of trypsin inhibitors in raw soyabean. Pretreatment consisted of steeping ground soyabean for 24 h at 20° C in the absence (control) or presence of 20 000 units gˉ¹ N of P2, P3 or P4. Pretreating …

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Flow Injection With Chemiluminescence Detection For The Determination Of Iron In Surface Atlantic Waters, Andrew Ross Bowie Jan 1999

Flow Injection With Chemiluminescence Detection For The Determination Of Iron In Surface Atlantic Waters, Andrew Ross Bowie

Other Faculty of Science and Engineering Theses

This thesis describes the design, optimisation and shipboard deployment of a flow injection - chemiluminescence (FI-CL) technique for the determination of iron (Fe) in seawater. Chapter One presents an overview of the marine biogeochemistry of Fe, including its speciation, sources and sinks, abundance and limitation for phytoplankton growth in the Wodd*s oceans. Current analytical methods for the determination of Fe in natural waters are also reviewed. Chapter Two reports the instrumental development of the FI - CL method. Each component is described and its suitability to the flow manifold discussed. Different CL detection systems are evaluated and a charge coupled …

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Meta-Stability Of Interacting Adaptive Agents, Steve Hill Jan 1999

Meta-Stability Of Interacting Adaptive Agents, Steve Hill

Other Faculty of Science and Engineering Theses

The adaptive process can be considered as being driven by two fundamental forces: exploitation and exploration. While the explorative process may be deterministic, the resultant effect may be stochastic. Stochastic effects may also exist in the expoitative process. This thesis considers the effects of stochastic fluctuations inherent in the adaptive process on the behavioural dynamics of a population of interacting agents. It is hypothesied that in such systems, one or more attractors in the population space exist; and that transitions between these attractors can occur; either as a result of internal shocks (sampling fluctuations) or external shocks (environmental changes). It …

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Modelling The Fisheries Of Lake Manzala, Egypt, Using Parametric And Non-Parametric Statistical Methods, Medhat Mohamed Ahmed Abdelaal Jan 1999

Modelling The Fisheries Of Lake Manzala, Egypt, Using Parametric And Non-Parametric Statistical Methods, Medhat Mohamed Ahmed Abdelaal

School of Engineering, Computing and Mathematics Theses

Much attention has been given to the economic aspects of the fisheries in Egypt, while building a statistical or mathematical model for fish production has received little attention. This study is devoted to a comprehensive assessment of Lake Manzala fisheries; past, present and future. Lake Manzala is one of the main fisheries resources in Egypt, and there is evidence that the fisheries have been over-exploited in recent years. The study objectives were to determine the factors that affect fish catches by individual vessels, to compare between parametric and non-parametric models of the fish catches, and to produce a mathematical model …

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An Investigation Of Evolutionary Computing In Systems Identification For Preliminary Design, Andrew Harry Watson Jan 1999

An Investigation Of Evolutionary Computing In Systems Identification For Preliminary Design, Andrew Harry Watson

School of Engineering, Computing and Mathematics Theses

This research investigates the integration of evolutionary techniques for symbolic regression. In particular the genetic programming paradigm is used together with other evolutionary computational techniques to develop novel approaches to the improvement of areas of simple preliminary design software using empirical data sets. It is shown that within this problem domain, conventional genetic programming suffers from several limitations, which are overcome by the introduction of an improved genetic programming strategy based on node complexity values, and utilising a steady state algorithm with subpopulations. A further extension to the new technique is introduced which incorporates a genetic algorithm to aid the …

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Reducing The Computational Effort Associated With Evolutionary Optimisation In Single Component Design, Harish Dhanji Vekeria Jan 1999

Reducing The Computational Effort Associated With Evolutionary Optimisation In Single Component Design, Harish Dhanji Vekeria

School of Engineering, Computing and Mathematics Theses

The dissertation presents innovative Evolutionary Search (ES) methods for the reduction in computational expense associated with the optimisation of highly dimensional design spaces. The objective is to develop a semi-automated system which successfully negotiates complex search spaces. Such a system would be highly desirable to a human designer by providing optimised design solutions in realistic time. The design domain represents a real-world industrial problem concerning the optimal material distribution on the underside of a flat roof tile with varying load and support conditions. The designs utilise a large number of design variables (circa 400). Due to the high computational expense …

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Upogebia Deltaura (Crustacea: Thalassinidea) In Clyde Sea Maerl Beds, Scotland, J. M. Hall-Spencer, R. J.A. Atkinson Jan 1999

Upogebia Deltaura (Crustacea: Thalassinidea) In Clyde Sea Maerl Beds, Scotland, J. M. Hall-Spencer, R. J.A. Atkinson

School of Biological and Marine Sciences

No abstract provided.

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Observations And Possible Function Of The Striking Anterior Coloration Pattern Of Galathea Intermedia (Crustacea: Decapoda: Anomura), J. M. Hall-Spencer, P. G. Moore, L. U. Sneddon Jan 1999

Observations And Possible Function Of The Striking Anterior Coloration Pattern Of Galathea Intermedia (Crustacea: Decapoda: Anomura), J. M. Hall-Spencer, P. G. Moore, L. U. Sneddon

School of Biological and Marine Sciences

No abstract provided.

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A Submersible Battery-Powered Flow Injection (Fi) Sensor For The Determination Of Nitrate In Estuarine And Coastal Waters., Anthony R.J. David, Trevor Mccormack, Paul J. Worsfold Jan 1999

A Submersible Battery-Powered Flow Injection (Fi) Sensor For The Determination Of Nitrate In Estuarine And Coastal Waters., Anthony R.J. David, Trevor Mccormack, Paul J. Worsfold

School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences

The design, construction and performance of a remotely deployed submersible flow injection-based nutrient (total oxidized nitrogen) sensor are described. The sensor featured a custom-built microcomputer and a solid-state, flow-through spectrophotometric detector, and the derivatization chemistry was based on in-line copper-cadmium reduction of nitrate to nitrite, and diazotization with N1NED and sulphanilamide. The limit of detection was 0.0014 mg l(-1) NO3-N and the linear range was 0.0014- 0.77 mg l(-1) with a 260 microl sample volume and a 20 mm path length flow cell. Results from submersed deployments in the Tamar estuary and North Sea are also reported.

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Post-Natal Depression In First Time Fatherhood, Emma Victoria Worwood Jan 1999

Post-Natal Depression In First Time Fatherhood, Emma Victoria Worwood

School of Psychology Theses

It is gradually becoming acknowledged that fathers do suffer from post-natal depression, but very little is known about their experience or how many fathers are actually affected. The factors that may increase a father's susceptibility to post-natal depression, or those that might indeed protect him, have also been given little consideration in research to date. This study examined the prevalence and comorbidity of post-natal depression in 100 first time parents, using the Edinburgh Post-natal Depression Scale (EPDS). The psychological factors of infant temperament, perception of own parenting and social support were investigated in a smaller sample of 30 fathers subsequently …

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Ichthyophthirius Multifiliis Fouquet: Development And Assessment Of In Vitro Systems For Long Term Maintenance, Louise Margaret Hurley Jan 1999

Ichthyophthirius Multifiliis Fouquet: Development And Assessment Of In Vitro Systems For Long Term Maintenance, Louise Margaret Hurley

School of Biological and Marine Sciences Theses

Twelve isolates of lchthyophthirius multifiliis were successfully established and maintained by serial passage through naive carp, for a maximum of 39 laboratory cycles. The management system employed was such that large numbers of the parasite were available for all investigations. The ability to induce exit of immature trophonts through media incubation was used to confirm events in the initial stages of host colonisation. The normal course of primary infection was also established providing useful criteria for assessing success of the in vitro systems tested. Survival of both theronts and tomonts within selected monophasic media was investigated. Theronts in Eagles Minimum …

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Sahaja Yoga: An Ancient Path To Modern Mental Health?, Adam Morgan Jan 1999

Sahaja Yoga: An Ancient Path To Modern Mental Health?, Adam Morgan

School of Psychology Theses

The present study looks to evaluate the effectiveness of the meditative practice of Sahaja Yoga as a treatment for the symptoms of anxiety and depression. Whilst there is a small research literature that has investigated the efficacy of meditation (usually based upon the Buddhist Vipassana tradition) for the treatment of such symptoms, and a smaller literature looking at the effectiveness of Sahaja Yoga in the treatment of a number of physical health problems, no published studies have looked at the effectiveness of Sahaja Yoga as a treatment for mental health problems. The present study therefore compared three independent groups, these …

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The Impact Of Rapido Trawling For Scallops, Pecten Jacobaeus (L.), On The Benthos Of The Gulf Of Venice, J. M. Hall-Spencer, C. Froglia, R. J.A. Atkinson, P. G. Moore Jan 1999

The Impact Of Rapido Trawling For Scallops, Pecten Jacobaeus (L.), On The Benthos Of The Gulf Of Venice, J. M. Hall-Spencer, C. Froglia, R. J.A. Atkinson, P. G. Moore

School of Biological and Marine Sciences

No abstract provided.

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An Improved Method For The Large-Scale Processing Of Woad (Isatis Tinctoria) For Possible Commercial Production Of Woad Indigo, Kg Stoker, Dt Cooke, Dj Hill Dec 1998

An Improved Method For The Large-Scale Processing Of Woad (Isatis Tinctoria) For Possible Commercial Production Of Woad Indigo, Kg Stoker, Dt Cooke, Dj Hill

Peninsula Medical School

The increasing use of alternative crops has meant the introduction of new technologies to process their products. In this work, an alternative method is presented for the extraction of natural indigo from woad (Isatis tinctoria) based on a technique used to extract indigo from Indigofera spp. This method does not rely on the old fermentation procedure used throughout Northern Europe and is cheap, clean and efficient. Evolved from laboratory-based tests, it involves steeping the leaves at low pH in warm water and extracting the indigo at a higher pH, followed by ultra-filtration of the product, which is then left to …

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Conservation Issues Relating To Maerl Beds As Habitats For Molluscs, Jm Hall-Spencer Jun 1998

Conservation Issues Relating To Maerl Beds As Habitats For Molluscs, Jm Hall-Spencer

School of Biological and Marine Sciences

No abstract provided.

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Trace Metal-Particle Water Interactions In The Western North Sea, Joanna Dixon Jan 1998

Trace Metal-Particle Water Interactions In The Western North Sea, Joanna Dixon

School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences Theses

The distribution of trace metals (Fe, Mn, Cu, Cd and Pb) has been determined in dissolved and particulate phases, along with relevant hydrographic parameters, from the nearshore coastal zone of the western North Sea (between 52ON and 56ON) during four Land Ocean Interaction Study (LOIS) surveys covering the seasonal cycle (autumn 1994 to summer 1995) The behaviour of the redox-sensitive metals, Fep and Mnp in the western North Sea were strongly correlated (r>0 44 for all seasons, P<0 05) in all surveys and exhibited maximum concentrations in winter (16 mg g -1 and 700 ug g-1 respectively) which progressively decreased throughout the year Distinct seasonal variations were also observed for particulate Cu, Cd and Pb For example, enhanced concentrations of Cup (36 ± 39 ug g-1) and Cdp (0.36 ± 0.42 ug g -1) in the Humber coastal zone during summer were attributed to preferential particulate organic/biogenic-metal interactions. In contrast enhanced, though diffuse, atmospheric inputs of Pb from continental winds were considered to have contributed to the elevated Pbp concentrations (82 ± 27 ug g -1) observed offshore during winter Results from radiotracer incubation experiments suggest that biological activity makes a significant contribution to the removal of dissolved Mn and Cd to the particulate phase. However, a phase lag of two to three months between maximum primary productivity and maximum particulate metal adsorption (KD=2 X 104 & 5 x 102 for Mn and Cd respectively) indicates a decoupling from the spring plankton bloom In general metal distributions in the Humber coastal zone were significantly influenced by freshwater discharge, tidal regime at the mouth of the estuary and prevailing wind conditions Total trace metal fluxes across the mouth of the Humber Estuary were highest during spring (311, 8 96 & 1045 kg day-1, for Cu, Cd and Pb respectively) and lowest during summer (25 7, 1 .12 & 33 4 kg day-1, for Cu, Cd and Pb respectively) They were dominated by variations in freshwater outflow and the tidal range during sampling On an annual basis comparison to estuarine inputs (rivers, industry and sewage sources) suggested retention of Cu (25%) and Cd (56%) Estimates of partitioning (KD) were derived from the dissolved and particulate data for Cu, Cd and Pb over the seasonal cycle Copper was dominated by the particulate phase (73-80%) in all seasons but summer, whilst Cd showed particulate phase dominance (54-70%) in autumn and winter only The Pb distributions were dominated by the particulate phase (94-99%) independent of season Trace metal settling velocities implied that the Humber Plume was acting as a sink for Cu, Cd and Pb in winter and spring However settling velocities calculated for Cd and Pb (flood tide) in summer were similar to background suspended particulate matter (SPM) suggesting long range transport with the residual circulation. Modelling of Pb isotopic ratios in the Humber Plume suggested that on average 32-39% of the extracted Pbp originated from anthropogenic sources The data from this study has given unique information concerning the concurrent seasonal distributions of particulate trace metals in the western North Sea and have yielded new insights into mechanisms affecting trace metal cycling and transport, essential in the development and refinement of coupled hydrodynamic-geochemical models.

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Automated Interpretation Of The Background Eeg Using Fuzzy Logic, Edward Peter Riddington Jan 1998

Automated Interpretation Of The Background Eeg Using Fuzzy Logic, Edward Peter Riddington

School of Engineering, Computing and Mathematics Theses

A new framework is described for managing uncertainty and for deahng with artefact corruption to introduce objectivity in the interpretation of the electroencephalogram (EEG). Conventionally, EEG interpretation is time consuming and subjective, and is known to show significant inter- and intra-personnel variation. A need thus exists to automate the interpretation of the EEG to provide a more consistent and efficient assessment. However, automated analysis of EEGs by computers is complicated by two major factors. The difficulty of adequately capturing in machine form, the skills and subjective expertise of the experienced electroencephalbgrapher, and the lack of a reliable means of dealing …

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Automated Diesel Engine Condition & Performance Monitoring & The Application Of Neural Networks To Fault Diagnosis, Christopher Lloyd Owen Jan 1998

Automated Diesel Engine Condition & Performance Monitoring & The Application Of Neural Networks To Fault Diagnosis, Christopher Lloyd Owen

School of Engineering, Computing and Mathematics Theses

The overall aim of this research was to design, configure and validate a system which was capable of on-line performance monitoring and fault diagnosis of a diesel engine. This thesis details the development and evaluation of a comprehensive engine test facility and automated engine performance monitoring package. Results of a diesel engine fault study were used to ascertain commonly occurring faults and their realistic severities are discussed. The research shows how computer simulation and rig testing can be applied to validate the effects of faults on engine performance and quantify fault severities. A substantial amount of engine test work has …

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3d Object Recognition Based On Constrained 2d Views, Levente Toth Jan 1998

3d Object Recognition Based On Constrained 2d Views, Levente Toth

School of Engineering, Computing and Mathematics Theses

The aim of the present work was to build a novel 3D object recognition system capable of classifying man-made and natural objects based on single 2D views. The approach to this problem has been one motivated by recent theories on biological vision and multiresolution analysis. The project's objectives were the implementation of a system that is able to deal with simple 3D scenes and constitutes an engineering solution to the problem of 3D object recognition, allowing the proposed recognition system to operate in a practically acceptable time frame. The developed system takes further the work on automatic classification of marine …

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Physiological And Cellular Level Responses Of Enteromorpha Spp. To Chemical And Thermal Stress, Stella Anne Lewis Jan 1998

Physiological And Cellular Level Responses Of Enteromorpha Spp. To Chemical And Thermal Stress, Stella Anne Lewis

School of Biological and Marine Sciences Theses

The aims of this project were to investigate the cellular stress response (CSR) in Enteromorpha spp. and assess the potential of the Stress-70 protein (an indicator of the CSR) as a biomarker of pollutant exposure and acquired tolerance in Enteromorpha spp., compared with conventional physiological endpoints of toxicity. Cross-reactivity of a commercial Stress-70 antibody with E. intestinalis proteins was determined and used to develop an assay for Stress-70. Using this assay E. intestinalis was found to exhibit a typical heat shock response. Stress-70 proved to be a relatively insensitive biomarker of copper exposure and did not appear to be involved …

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Evaluation Of Stream Meiofauna As A Monitor Of Trace Metal Contamination, Susan Mary Burton Jan 1998

Evaluation Of Stream Meiofauna As A Monitor Of Trace Metal Contamination, Susan Mary Burton

School of Biological and Marine Sciences Theses

Members of the meiobenthos have been used extensively to determine the effects of anthropogenic perturbation in marine systems (Coull & Chandler, 1992). Despite this, the meiofauna has been virtually excluded from freshwater pollution monitoring. This thesis aimed to address this research caveat, by evaluating the potential of stream meiofauna for monitoring metal-contamination. Meiofaunal communities were sampled from streams in SW England representing a gradient in metal contamination. Environmental variables in these streams were also measured to identify the important forcing agents structuring the stream benthos. Multivariate techniques demonstrated Cu, either alone or in combination with other environmental variables was of …

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Spatio-Temporal Distributions Of Pelagic Larvae And Post-Larvae Of Decapod Crustacea In Seas Around Britain, John Alistair Lindley Jan 1998

Spatio-Temporal Distributions Of Pelagic Larvae And Post-Larvae Of Decapod Crustacea In Seas Around Britain, John Alistair Lindley

School of Biological and Marine Sciences Theses

The geographical distributions and seasonal occurrences of decapod larvae and pelagic post-larvae in continuous plankton recorder (CPR) samples over a 3-year period were analysed and described. During this period, the survey covered large areas of the north-eastern Atlantic Ocean and adjacent continental shelf waters, including the English Channel and the North, Irish and Celtic Seas. Multivariate analysis provided the basis for classifying the distributions of 36 of the most abundant taxa (species, genera or subfamily) into groups. These groupings demonstrated the significance of bathymetry and temperature in limiting distributions. Larvae of 3 species were shown to disperse during development from …

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The Ecotoxicological Assessment Of Complex Effluents Using Invertebrate Biomarkers, Katrina Nicola Astley Jan 1998

The Ecotoxicological Assessment Of Complex Effluents Using Invertebrate Biomarkers, Katrina Nicola Astley

School of Biological and Marine Sciences Theses

A suite of biomarkers was developed using the crab Carcinus maenas and the mussel Mytilus edulis as test organisms. The ability of the biomarkers to differentiate amongst the major toxic components and to indicate the concentration of chemical mixtures was evaluated in the laboratory. Biomarkers were also applied in a field trial and their potential to monitor environmental water quality in a chemically contaminated estuary investigated. The results from the biomarker assays were compared with and validated against two commonly used toxicity tests (Tisbe battagliai LC-50, and Microtox®). Novel methods for recognising patterns of biomarker responses were developed and assessed. …

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Polycystic Ovary Syndrome Coagulation And Metabolic Studies, William Usinode Atiomo Jan 1998

Polycystic Ovary Syndrome Coagulation And Metabolic Studies, William Usinode Atiomo

Peninsula Medical School Theses

The polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a heterogeneous disorder in women characterised by chronic ovulatory failure, hyperandrogenaemia, and insulin resistance. Some women are completely asymptomatic and others present with extreme menstrual disturbance, severe hirsutism, infertility and recurrent miscarriage. The pathophysiology of PCOS is not completely understood, but it is thought that insulin resistance plays a central role. In normal subjects, non-diabetic obese patients and patients with non-insulin dependent diabetes, insulin resistance is associated with elevated plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) levels. PAI-1 is a glycoprotein, which inhibits the formation of plasmin (a proteolytic enzyme). Plasmin aids fibrinolysis and extracellular proteolysis. High …

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The Bioavailability Of Sediment Bound Tributyltin (Tbt), Nicholas Dingle Pope Jan 1998

The Bioavailability Of Sediment Bound Tributyltin (Tbt), Nicholas Dingle Pope

School of Biological and Marine Sciences Theses

Tributyltin is arguably the most toxic compound ever to be deliberately introduced into the marine environment as an ingredient of antifouling paints. It has had widespread toxic effects on a range of marine organisms, with some gastropod species being particularly sensitive. Effects of TBT on non-target species have resulted in partial bans on its use in many countries, so that new inputs to the water column have decreased in most areas. One of the physicochemical features of TBT is that it is readily sequestered by suspended particulates due to its low solubility and its hydrophobicity, therefore becoming incorporated into estuarine …

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The Modes Of Action Of Toxicants On The Cardiac Physiology Of The Blue Mussel, Mytilus Edulis, And The Common Shore Crab, Carcinus Maenas, Timothy Mark Curtis Jan 1998

The Modes Of Action Of Toxicants On The Cardiac Physiology Of The Blue Mussel, Mytilus Edulis, And The Common Shore Crab, Carcinus Maenas, Timothy Mark Curtis

School of Biological and Marine Sciences Theses

The primary aim of this thesis was to establish the mode of action of the heavy metal, copper, on the cardiac physiology of the blue mussel, Mytilus edulis. Exposure of specimens of M.edulis to dissolved copper led to a decrease in heart rate and an increase in heart rate variability (HRV). The concentration of copper causing a 50% reduction in heart rate was found to be 0.8µM, while the concentration causing a 50% increase in HRV was 0.06µM (48 h EC50s). Simultaneous measurements of valve activity indicated that the observed bradycardia was not caused by valve closure. Subsequently, it was …

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Physiological Responses Of Gracilariopsis Longissima To Copper Exposure, James Edward Newman Jan 1998

Physiological Responses Of Gracilariopsis Longissima To Copper Exposure, James Edward Newman

School of Biological and Marine Sciences Theses

Seaweeds fulfil many of the criteria regarded as being important for a good biomonitor. They are known to accumulate trace metals and the concentration of these metals measured in the thalli of native populations has been related to the level of contamination in the surrounding water. However, this passive biomonitoring approach has been of limited use and the relationship between the concentration of metal in the seaweed and that in the surrounding environment is not always apparent. The aim of this study was to investigate the response of the rhodophyte Gracilariopsis longissima to copper exposure, in the laboratory and field, …

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Nitric Oxide Synthase Expression In Bone Cells., Sw Fox, Jmw Chow Jan 1998

Nitric Oxide Synthase Expression In Bone Cells., Sw Fox, Jmw Chow

School of Biomedical Sciences

No abstract provided.

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Landfill Design, Construction And Non-Invasive Monitoring, Amanda Jane Hopper Jan 1998

Landfill Design, Construction And Non-Invasive Monitoring, Amanda Jane Hopper

School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences Theses

Three techniques are investigated in order to assess their applicability for use in landfill design, construction and monitoring. Firstly, an assessment is made of QA procedures during liner construction through the detailed evaluation of two case studies. Construction QA procedures on-site are compared to available guidelines. The research illustrates the requirement for standardised, regulated QA procedures on landfill sites in order to provide a recognised framework for construction control. The Moisture Condition Value Test (MCV) is evaluated for use as a method of monitoring the placement of compacted clay landfill liners. London Clay and Mercia Mudstone, collected from the QA …

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