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Articles 391 - 420 of 6786
Full-Text Articles in Entire DC Network
Setting Sail For Resilience And Ocean Sustainability, Alun Morgan, Charlotte Braungardt
Setting Sail For Resilience And Ocean Sustainability, Alun Morgan, Charlotte Braungardt
School of Law, Humanities and Social Sciences
This paper makes a valuable contribution to the emerging field of marine social sciences by focusing on the potential contribution of learning theory and praxes in promoting Ocean Literacy, Marine Identity and Marine Citizenship. These are advocated as important social dimensions of the changes and outcomes required to promote sustainability and resilience of marine environments and, by extension, terrestrial environments, across a range of scales from local through to planetary. This is because the factors that compromise marine resilience are largely anthropogenic, and negative outcomes of human disassociation from the ocean. From another perspective, the paper is equally concerned with …
The Impact Of Nature Reserves On The Ecological Network Of Urban Agglomerations—A Case Study Of The Urban Agglomeration In The Middle Reaches Of The Yangtze River, Weidi Li, Xiaoxu Liang, Anqiang Jia, John Martin
The Impact Of Nature Reserves On The Ecological Network Of Urban Agglomerations—A Case Study Of The Urban Agglomeration In The Middle Reaches Of The Yangtze River, Weidi Li, Xiaoxu Liang, Anqiang Jia, John Martin
Professional Services
The accelerated development of urban agglomerations in China has resulted in the significant regional expansion of infrastructure and urban spaces, which has led to the fragmentation of habitats and the degradation of ecosystem function. Ecological networks have been shown to reconnect isolated habitat patches within urban agglomerations by identifying ecological sources and constructing corridors, which could enhance regional ecological security. Nature reserves, as critical areas for the protection of key species and ecosystems, play a vital role in this process. Investigating the influence of nature reserves on the ecological networks of urban agglomerations helps to integrate regional ecological resources, optimize …
Intraspecific Sensory Diversity And The Decapod Claw: Patterns Of Sensillation Are Heterochelic And Sexually Dimorphic In Pagurus Bernhardus, Ari Drummond, Summer Nash, Tianna Holloway, Alexander Wilson, Lucy Turner, Mark Briffa, David T Bilton
Intraspecific Sensory Diversity And The Decapod Claw: Patterns Of Sensillation Are Heterochelic And Sexually Dimorphic In Pagurus Bernhardus, Ari Drummond, Summer Nash, Tianna Holloway, Alexander Wilson, Lucy Turner, Mark Briffa, David T Bilton
School of Biological and Marine Sciences
Information detection affects physiological performance and behaviour and is vital to survival and fitness. Despite the recognised importance of sensory adaptations in information acquisition and manipulation, many forms of sensory variation—from within individuals to between species—remain underexplored. To better understand the role of information in evolution, it is important to examine sensory variation as part of a cohesive framework of sensory diversity. Using the decapod claw, a structure well-recognised for its morphological variation, we investigated sensory diversity at the intraspecific level by assessing heterochely and sexual dimorphism in the chelar morphologies of Pagurus bernhardus hermit crabs. We employed a novel …
Severe Asthma Questionnaire (Saq) And Asthma Control Questionnaire (Acq) As Early Predictors Of Biologic Response In Severe Asthma, Drew Davies, Joseph W. Lanario, Michael E. Hyland, Matthew Masoli
Severe Asthma Questionnaire (Saq) And Asthma Control Questionnaire (Acq) As Early Predictors Of Biologic Response In Severe Asthma, Drew Davies, Joseph W. Lanario, Michael E. Hyland, Matthew Masoli
Peninsula Medical School
Background: Biologic therapy in asthma can be life-changing and affect health-related quality of life, but symptoms are rarely used in the assessment of response. Aim: To examine the change in health-related quality of life and asthma control between starting a biologic and assessment of biologic response, assessing whether this change can provide early prediction of eventual clinical response at 12 months. Methods: A service evaluation of severe asthmatics initiating a biologic at the Royal Devon NHS trust between 2019 and 22. Health-Related Quality of Life (Severe Asthma Questionnaire) and asthma control (Asthma Control Questionnaire-6) was captured at baseline, 8 weeks, …
Young-Onset Diabetes Poses A Greater Risk Of End-Stage Kidney Disease Than Cardiovascular Disease And Stroke: A Retrospective Cohort Study Of Uk Biobank (Ukb), Debasish Kar
Peninsula Medical School
No abstract provided.
Genomic Landscape Of Diffuse Glioma Revealed By Whole Genome Sequencing., B Kinnersley, J Jung, Cornish Aj, D Chubb, R Laxton, A Frangou, Gruber Aj, A Sud, G Caravagna, A Sottoriva, Wedge Dc, T Booth, S Al-Sarraj, K Ashkan, Ellie Edlmann
Genomic Landscape Of Diffuse Glioma Revealed By Whole Genome Sequencing., B Kinnersley, J Jung, Cornish Aj, D Chubb, R Laxton, A Frangou, Gruber Aj, A Sud, G Caravagna, A Sottoriva, Wedge Dc, T Booth, S Al-Sarraj, K Ashkan, Ellie Edlmann
Peninsula Medical School
Diffuse gliomas are the commonest malignant primary brain tumour in adults. Herein, we present analysis of the genomic landscape of adult glioma, by whole genome sequencing of 403 tumours (256 glioblastoma, 89 astrocytoma, 58 oligodendroglioma; 338 primary, 65 recurrence). We identify an extended catalogue of recurrent coding and non-coding genetic mutations that represents a source for future studies and provides a high-resolution map of structural variants, copy number changes and global genome features including telomere length, mutational signatures and extrachromosomal DNA. Finally, we relate these to clinical outcome. As well as identifying drug targets for treatment of glioma our findings …
Core Grade 3: Rating Certainty Of Evidence—Assessing Inconsistency, Gordon Guyatt, Prashanti Eachempati
Core Grade 3: Rating Certainty Of Evidence—Assessing Inconsistency, Gordon Guyatt, Prashanti Eachempati
Peninsula Dental School
When Core GRADE users construct PICO frameworks that are broad with respect to both patients and interventions-as we believe they should-they must prepare for the possibility of inconsistent results. They do so by identifying a priori hypotheses to explain inconsistency, including a postulated direction. Having decided on their subgroup hypotheses, Core GRADE users address the key criteria for evaluating inconsistency. Examining the forest plot, they note the magnitude of differences in point estimates, the extent to which the CIs overlap, and where the point estimates lie in relation to the target of their certainty rating. The greater the variability in …
What Are The Effects Of Time-Restricted Eating Upon Metabolic Health Outcomes In Individuals With Metabolic Syndrome: A Scoping Review, Rory J Heath, Jessie Welbourne, Daniel Martin
What Are The Effects Of Time-Restricted Eating Upon Metabolic Health Outcomes In Individuals With Metabolic Syndrome: A Scoping Review, Rory J Heath, Jessie Welbourne, Daniel Martin
Peninsula Medical School
The primary objective of this scoping review (ScR) was to assess the breadth and type of evidence related to time-restricted eating (TRE) as an intervention to modify metabolic health outcomes in individuals with diagnosed metabolic syndrome (MetS), a major health challenge due to increasing prevalence and association with other chronic diseases. MetS comprises three or more of hypertension, hypercholesterolaemia, dyslipidaemia, dysregulated glucose homeostasis, and abdominal obesity. TRE, also known as time-restricted feeding (TRF), restricts food intake to specific time windows within a day, for example, a 10-h eating period between 10:00 and 20:00. Via multiple mechanisms, TRE interventions may provide …
Correlates Of Processing Speed Change With Combined Cognitive Rehabilitation And Exercise In Progressive Ms: Secondary Analysis Of The Cogex Trial, Brian M. Sandroff, Robert W. Motl, Roberto S. Hernandez, Maria Pia Amato, Giampaolo Brichetto, Jeremy Chataway, Nancy D. Chiaravalloti, Gary R. Cutter, Ulrik Dalgas, John Deluca, Rachel Farrell, Peter Feys, Massimo Filippi, Jennifer Freeman, Matilde Inglese, Cecilia Meza, Maria A. Rocca, Amber Salter, Anthony Feinstein
Correlates Of Processing Speed Change With Combined Cognitive Rehabilitation And Exercise In Progressive Ms: Secondary Analysis Of The Cogex Trial, Brian M. Sandroff, Robert W. Motl, Roberto S. Hernandez, Maria Pia Amato, Giampaolo Brichetto, Jeremy Chataway, Nancy D. Chiaravalloti, Gary R. Cutter, Ulrik Dalgas, John Deluca, Rachel Farrell, Peter Feys, Massimo Filippi, Jennifer Freeman, Matilde Inglese, Cecilia Meza, Maria A. Rocca, Amber Salter, Anthony Feinstein
School of Health Professions
Background: Cognitive rehabilitation and exercise training are promising approaches for improving cognition in persons with progressive multiple sclerosis (MS). Identifying heterogeneity of change and factors that influence the effects of cognitive rehabilitation and/or exercise training on cognitive outcomes at the individual level have direct relevance for developing tailored and optimized rehabilitation interventions for improving cognition in progressive MS. Objective: This study involved a secondary data analysis from the CogEx trial in progressive MS. This study first described heterogeneity of change in cognitive processing speed (CPS) across the intervention conditions and then identified possible adherence/compliance, baseline performance, and demographic/clinical variables as …
Site U1601, S. Q. Lang, A. M. Mccaig, P. Blum, N. Abe, W. Brazelton, R. Coltat, J. R. Deans, K. L. Dickerson, M. Godard, B. E. John, F. Klein, R. Kuehn, K. Y. Lin, C. J. Lissenberg, H. Liu, E. L. Lopes, T. Nozaka, A. J. Parsons, V. Pathak, M. K. Reagan, J. A. Robare, I. P. Savov, E. Schwarzenbach, O. J. Sissmann, G. Southam, F. Wang, C. G. Wheat
Site U1601, S. Q. Lang, A. M. Mccaig, P. Blum, N. Abe, W. Brazelton, R. Coltat, J. R. Deans, K. L. Dickerson, M. Godard, B. E. John, F. Klein, R. Kuehn, K. Y. Lin, C. J. Lissenberg, H. Liu, E. L. Lopes, T. Nozaka, A. J. Parsons, V. Pathak, M. K. Reagan, J. A. Robare, I. P. Savov, E. Schwarzenbach, O. J. Sissmann, G. Southam, F. Wang, C. G. Wheat
School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences
No abstract provided.
Expedition 399 Summary, A. M. Mccaig, S. Q. Lang, P. Blum, N. Abe, W. Brazelton, R. Coltat, J. R. Deans, K. L. Dickerson, M. Godard, B. E. John, F. Klein, R. Kuehn, K. Y. Lin, C. J. Lissenberg, H. Liu, E. L. Lopes, T. Nozaka, A. J. Parsons, V. Pathak, M. K. Reagan, J. A. Robare, I. P. Savov, E. Schwarzenbach, O. J. Sissmann, G. Southam, F. Wang, C. G. Wheat
Expedition 399 Summary, A. M. Mccaig, S. Q. Lang, P. Blum, N. Abe, W. Brazelton, R. Coltat, J. R. Deans, K. L. Dickerson, M. Godard, B. E. John, F. Klein, R. Kuehn, K. Y. Lin, C. J. Lissenberg, H. Liu, E. L. Lopes, T. Nozaka, A. J. Parsons, V. Pathak, M. K. Reagan, J. A. Robare, I. P. Savov, E. Schwarzenbach, O. J. Sissmann, G. Southam, F. Wang, C. G. Wheat
School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences
International Ocean Discovery Program (IODP) Expedition 399 collected new cores from the Atlantis Massif (30°N; Mid-Atlantic Ridge), an oceanic core complex that hosts the Lost City hydrothermal field (LCHF). Studies of the Atlantis Massif and the LCHF have transformed our understanding of tectonic, magmatic, hydrothermal, and microbial processes at slow-spreading ridges. The Atlantis Massif was the site of four previous expeditions (Integrated Ocean Drilling Program Expeditions 304, 305, and 340T and IODP Expedition 357) and numerous dredging and submersible expeditions. The deepest IODP hole in young (<2 My) oceanic lithosphere, Hole U1309D, was drilled ~5 km north of the LCHF and reached 1415 meters below seafloor (mbsf) through a series of primitive gabbroic rocks. A series of 17 shallow (<16.4 mbsf) holes were also drilled at 9 sites across the south wall of the massif during Expedition 357, recovering heterogeneous rock types including hydrothermally altered peridotites, gabbroic, and basaltic rocks. The hydrologic regime differs between the two locations, with a low-permeability conductive regime in Hole U1309D and a high- (and possibly deep-reaching) permeability regime along the southern wall.
Promoting Global Collaboration To Improve Bioaerosol Exposure Assessment And Understanding Of Associated Health Impacts: Outcomes From A Series Of Workshops, Emma L. Marczylo, Simon Jackson, Christine Bell, Daniel Andrews, Martin J.D. Clift, Ian Crawford, Gyorgy Fejer, Robert M.W. Ferguson, Matthew C. Fisher, Emma Jane Goode, James Isaac, Rob Kinnersley, Julie A. Morrissey, Sofya Pozdniakova, Carla Viegas, Andrew Ward, Inge M. Wouters, Frederic Coulon, Zaheer A. Nasir, Philippa Douglas
Promoting Global Collaboration To Improve Bioaerosol Exposure Assessment And Understanding Of Associated Health Impacts: Outcomes From A Series Of Workshops, Emma L. Marczylo, Simon Jackson, Christine Bell, Daniel Andrews, Martin J.D. Clift, Ian Crawford, Gyorgy Fejer, Robert M.W. Ferguson, Matthew C. Fisher, Emma Jane Goode, James Isaac, Rob Kinnersley, Julie A. Morrissey, Sofya Pozdniakova, Carla Viegas, Andrew Ward, Inge M. Wouters, Frederic Coulon, Zaheer A. Nasir, Philippa Douglas
School of Biomedical Sciences
We are surrounded, in both indoor and outdoor environments, by air containing particles of biological origin (bioaerosols). We constantly inhale them, and, depending upon their size, they deposit in different parts of our airways. Despite their ubiquitous nature and our constant exposure, bioaerosol diversity and composition of the environment are not well characterized, and we understand little about which bioaerosols we are exposed to and how this impacts our health, either positively or negatively. Indoor/Outdoor Bioaerosols Interface and Relationships Network (BioAirNet), a Clean Air Programme-funded network, has recognized the need for the bioaerosol community to reflect on the current challenges …
Combining Historical And Citizen Science Jellyfish Records To Inform Marine Biodiversity Management, John Terenzini, Abigail Mcquatters-Gollop, Laura J. Falkenberg
Combining Historical And Citizen Science Jellyfish Records To Inform Marine Biodiversity Management, John Terenzini, Abigail Mcquatters-Gollop, Laura J. Falkenberg
School of Biological and Marine Sciences
Effective management of ecosystems requires knowledge of biodiversity and how it is changing. There are, however, some species and regions for which such data are missing. Combining historical records with those added using non-traditional monitoring methods such as citizen science can fill this gap. Jellyfish are one group for which such an approach is advantageous as jellyfish are difficult to observe, with records particularly lacking for understudied regions outside of Europe and North America. Using Hong Kong as an example, we combine historical jellyfish observation records obtained using traditional methods (published from 1910 to current day) with recent records facilitated …
Innovative Circular Business Model As A Tool For Applying Rational Consumption Of The Natural Resource Landscape, Nataliia Gavkalova, John Martin, Nadiia Shmygol
Innovative Circular Business Model As A Tool For Applying Rational Consumption Of The Natural Resource Landscape, Nataliia Gavkalova, John Martin, Nadiia Shmygol
Professional Services
Economic growth within the traditional linear production model increases environmental pressure, depleting resources, and raising pollution levels. In contrast, the circular economy promotes closed production cycles, ensuring the repeated use of extracted resources. However, transitioning to this model requires active innovation adoption. Despite its rising popularity, circular economy concepts remain underdeveloped scientifically, lacking formulated models that comprehensively address implementation in both public and private sectors. This study aims to theoretically and practically substantiate the development of an innovative circular business model as a tool for rational natural resource consumption. Achieving this requires a multidisciplinary approach, integrating business models, technological innovations, …
The Future Of Citizen Science For Marine Litter Research: What Are The Benefits To Be Realised And The Challenges To Be Overcome?., Matthew Peacock, N. P. Ghilardi-Lopes, A. Turra, Thais Rech, L. A. Kawabe, Birgitta Gatersleben, Kayleigh Wyles
The Future Of Citizen Science For Marine Litter Research: What Are The Benefits To Be Realised And The Challenges To Be Overcome?., Matthew Peacock, N. P. Ghilardi-Lopes, A. Turra, Thais Rech, L. A. Kawabe, Birgitta Gatersleben, Kayleigh Wyles
School of Psychology
Public engagement in marine litter research is increasing. Further advancing this approach requires a critical examination of the benefits of citizen science and the primary challenges that we must overcome. A thematic analysis of survey responses from 56 professionals (scientists and project organisers) who use citizen science to investigate marine litter revealed nine significant benefits alongside ten key challenges. Benefits were identified for the citizen scientists (e.g., learning something new), science (e.g., reducing data collection costs), and the environment (e.g., less plastic waste in the environment). Challenges identified fell within three categories related to: 1) involving citizens in science (e.g., …
Technical Feasibility Analysis Of Green Energy Storage Options And Hornsea Wind Farms, Muhammad Maqbool, Jahir Rizvi, Yeaw Chu Lee, Pablo Borja
Technical Feasibility Analysis Of Green Energy Storage Options And Hornsea Wind Farms, Muhammad Maqbool, Jahir Rizvi, Yeaw Chu Lee, Pablo Borja
School of Engineering, Computing and Mathematics
The global transition towards clean energy sources is becoming essential to reduce reliance on conventional fuels and mitigate carbon emissions. In the future, the clean energy storage landscape, green hydrogen, and green ammonia (powered by renewable energy sources) are emerging as key players. This study explores the prospectives and feasibility of producing and storing offshore green hydrogen and green ammonia. The potential power output of Hornsea one and Hornsea two winds farms in the United Kingdom was calculated using real wind data. The usable electricity from the Hornsea one wind farm was 5.83 TWh/year, and from the Hornsea two wind …
Pediatric Liver And Kidney Transplant Recipients Demonstrate Greater Serological Response To Sars-Cov-2 Vaccination Than Adults, Tobias Laue, Maria Pilar Ballester, Lily Meoli, Carl Grabitz, Eva Uson, Lorenzo Dantiga, Valerie Mclin, Montserrat Pujadas, Ângela Carvalho-Gomes, Ivan Sahuco, Ariadna Bono, Federico D'Amico, Raffaela Viganò, Elena Diago, Beatriz Tormo Lanseros, Elvira Inglese, Dani Martinez Vazquez, Annelotte Broekhoven, Marjolein Kikkert, Shessy P.Torres Morales, Sebenzile K. Myeni, Mar Riveiro-Barciela, Adriana Palom, Nicola Zeni, Alessandra Brocca, Annarosa Cussigh, Sara Cmet, Maria Desamparados Escudero-García, Matteo Stocco, Matteo Stocco
Pediatric Liver And Kidney Transplant Recipients Demonstrate Greater Serological Response To Sars-Cov-2 Vaccination Than Adults, Tobias Laue, Maria Pilar Ballester, Lily Meoli, Carl Grabitz, Eva Uson, Lorenzo Dantiga, Valerie Mclin, Montserrat Pujadas, Ângela Carvalho-Gomes, Ivan Sahuco, Ariadna Bono, Federico D'Amico, Raffaela Viganò, Elena Diago, Beatriz Tormo Lanseros, Elvira Inglese, Dani Martinez Vazquez, Annelotte Broekhoven, Marjolein Kikkert, Shessy P.Torres Morales, Sebenzile K. Myeni, Mar Riveiro-Barciela, Adriana Palom, Nicola Zeni, Alessandra Brocca, Annarosa Cussigh, Sara Cmet, Maria Desamparados Escudero-García, Matteo Stocco, Matteo Stocco
Peninsula Medical School
Background. Adult solid organ transplant recipients (SOTRs) have decreased responsiveness to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus type 2 (SARS-CoV-2) vaccination and higher incidence of infection, but there are few data on the serological response in pediatric SOTR. The aim of this study was to determine serological response to SARS-CoV-2 vaccination in pediatric liver (LT) and kidney transplant (KT) recipients and compare it with adult SOTR. Methods. A European, prospective, multicenter study was performed. Samples were taken at 7 and 32 wk following COVID-19 vaccination and serological endpoints were measured by ELISA. Results. A total of 42 pediatric (16 post-LT and …
Daddy’S Little Girl: The Role Of Life History In Paternal Investment Towards Daughters, Ray Garza, Emily Woolman, Sepide Pazhouhi, Farid Pazhoohi
Daddy’S Little Girl: The Role Of Life History In Paternal Investment Towards Daughters, Ray Garza, Emily Woolman, Sepide Pazhouhi, Farid Pazhoohi
School of Psychology
ObjectivesThis study examines the complex dynamics of father-daughter relationships, focusing on how life history factors are associated with paternal behaviors towards daughters. Drawing on Life history Theory and the Daughter-Guarding hypothesis, the research investigates how these factors contribute to father-daughter interactions, such as attachment, protection, support, and control received from fathers.MethodsTwo surveys were conducted: one with 120 daughters aged 18–21 (Study 1) and another with 120 fathers (Study 2), both recruited through online platforms. Study 1 examined the relationship from the daughters’ perspective, while Study 2 explored it from the fathers’ perspective.ResultsFathers with higher education and stable financial backgrounds showed …
Employability Of International Postgraduate Taught Students In The Uk: A Systematic Literature Review Using Prisma, Fa Wang, Rong Huang, Jingyu Wu, Wai Mun Lim
Employability Of International Postgraduate Taught Students In The Uk: A Systematic Literature Review Using Prisma, Fa Wang, Rong Huang, Jingyu Wu, Wai Mun Lim
Plymouth Business School
One-year postgraduate taught programmes in the UK attract global talent through high-quality education, yet the employability and career pathways of these students remain understudied despite their recognised vital economic and cultural contributions. Amid the UK's higher education financial crisis, marked by funding cuts, staff layoffs, rising costs, and reliance on international student recruitment, this study employs the PRISMA 2020 framework to systematically review literature (2014–2024) on international postgraduate taught student employability. Analysing 13 studies from Web of Science, Scopus, and Google Scholar, the findings reveal gaps in tailored sector-specific career and employability support, access to employment development opportunities and work-integrated …
Intracellular And Extracellular Activities Of V-Domain Ig-Containing Suppressor Of T Cell Activation (Vista) Modulated By Immunosuppressive Factors Of Tumour Microenvironment, Maryam Abooali, Stephanie Schlichtner, Xi Lei, Nijas Aliu, Sabrina Ruggiero, Sonia Loges, Martin Ziegler, Franziska Hertel, Anna-Lena Volckmar, Albrecht Stenzinger, Petros Christopoulos, Michael Thomas, Elena Klenova, N Helge Meyer, Stergios Boussios, Nigel Heaton, Yoh Zen, Ane Zamalloa, Shilpa Chokshi, Luca Urbani, Sophie Richard, Kavitha Kirubendran, Rohanah Hussain, Giuliano Siligardi, Dietmar Cholewa, Steffen M Berger, Inna M Yasinska, Elizaveta Fasler-Kan, Vadim V Sumbayev
Intracellular And Extracellular Activities Of V-Domain Ig-Containing Suppressor Of T Cell Activation (Vista) Modulated By Immunosuppressive Factors Of Tumour Microenvironment, Maryam Abooali, Stephanie Schlichtner, Xi Lei, Nijas Aliu, Sabrina Ruggiero, Sonia Loges, Martin Ziegler, Franziska Hertel, Anna-Lena Volckmar, Albrecht Stenzinger, Petros Christopoulos, Michael Thomas, Elena Klenova, N Helge Meyer, Stergios Boussios, Nigel Heaton, Yoh Zen, Ane Zamalloa, Shilpa Chokshi, Luca Urbani, Sophie Richard, Kavitha Kirubendran, Rohanah Hussain, Giuliano Siligardi, Dietmar Cholewa, Steffen M Berger, Inna M Yasinska, Elizaveta Fasler-Kan, Vadim V Sumbayev
Peninsula Medical School
V-domain Ig-containing suppressor of T cell activation (VISTA) is a unique immune checkpoint protein, which was reported to display both receptor and ligand activities. However, the mechanisms of regulation of VISTA activity and functions by factors of tumour microenvironment (TME) remain unclear and understanding these processes is required in order to develop successful personalised cancer immunotherapeutic strategies and approaches. Here we report for the very first time that VISTA interacts with another immune checkpoint protein galectin-9 inside the cell most likely facilitating its interaction with TGF-β-activated kinase 1 (TAK1). This process is required for protection of lysosomes, which is crucial …
Metabolic Diversity Of A Widely Distributed Tropical Freshwater Crab Is Not Underpinned By Genetic Differences, Lucy Turner, Christopher Thorpe, Michael Collins, Smrithy Raj, Tripti Shukla, John Spicer, Mairi Knight, Dheeraj Sharma, Krushnamegh Kunte
Metabolic Diversity Of A Widely Distributed Tropical Freshwater Crab Is Not Underpinned By Genetic Differences, Lucy Turner, Christopher Thorpe, Michael Collins, Smrithy Raj, Tripti Shukla, John Spicer, Mairi Knight, Dheeraj Sharma, Krushnamegh Kunte
School of Biological and Marine Sciences
AimThe aim of this study was to understand the interplay between local and regional factors as drivers of population physiological diversity in a tropical freshwater crab species.LocationWestern Ghats, south-west India.TaxonBarytelphusa cunicularis, Brachyura, Crustacea.MethodsWe applied an integrative approach combining population genetics and whole animal physiology, using the tropical freshwater crab Barytelphusa cunicularis as our model species. We tested for effects of population location (e.g., latitude, altitude), season (as a proxy for rainfall and water temperature) and/or warming on indices of whole animal respiratory physiology (metabolic rate, MO2) and hypoxic performance (Pcrit, i.e., the PO2 at which routine MO2 can no longer …
Safety And Efficacy Of Single-Dose Primaquine To Interrupt Plasmodium Falciparum Malaria Transmission In Children Compared With Adults: A Systematic Review And Individual Patient Data Meta-Analysis, Wwarn Paediatric Primaquine For P Falciparum Transmission Blocking Study Group, Daniel Yilma, Kasia Stepniewska, Teun Bousema, Chris Drakeley, Prashanti Eachempati, Philippe J. Guerin, Andreas Mårtensson, Richard Mwaiswelo, Walter R. Taylor, Karen I. Barnes
Safety And Efficacy Of Single-Dose Primaquine To Interrupt Plasmodium Falciparum Malaria Transmission In Children Compared With Adults: A Systematic Review And Individual Patient Data Meta-Analysis, Wwarn Paediatric Primaquine For P Falciparum Transmission Blocking Study Group, Daniel Yilma, Kasia Stepniewska, Teun Bousema, Chris Drakeley, Prashanti Eachempati, Philippe J. Guerin, Andreas Mårtensson, Richard Mwaiswelo, Walter R. Taylor, Karen I. Barnes
Peninsula Dental School
Background: Adding a single dose of primaquine to artemisinin-based combination therapy (ACT) for the treatment of falciparum malaria can reduce the transmission of Plasmodium falciparum and could limit the spread of artemisinin partial resistance, including in Africa, where the disease burden is greatest. We aimed to compare the safety and efficacy of single-dose primaquine plus ACT between young children (aged <5 years) and older children (aged 5 years to <15 years) and adults (aged ≥15 years), and between low and moderate-to-high transmission areas. Methods: For this systematic review and individual patient data meta-analysis, we searched PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, WHO Global Index Medicus, OpenGrey.eu, ClinicalTrials.gov, and the WHO International Clinical Trials Registry Platform, from database inception to April 3, 2024, with no language restrictions. We included prospective studies on efficacy against falciparum malaria that enrolled at least one child younger than 15 years and involved a study group given a single dose of primaquine (≤0·75 mg/kg) plus ACT. Studies involving mass drug administration, healthy volunteers, or patients with severe malaria or mixed (with non-falciparum) infections were excluded. For inclusion in the efficacy analysis, data on transmission potential (as determined by gametocytaemia, infectivity, or both) at enrolment and follow-up (day 3, day 7, or day 14) were required; the safety analysis required data on haemoglobin concentrations or haematocrit values at enrolment and at one or more follow-up visits by day 7, any data on adverse events, or both. After independent screening of the search results by two reviewers, the investigators of eligible studies were invited to contribute individual patient data. We quantified day 7 gametocyte carriage, probability of infecting a mosquito, decreases (>25%) in haemoglobin concentration associated with anaemia, and adverse events until day 28 using regression analyses, with random study-site intercepts to account for clustered data. These analyses were registered with PROSPERO, CRD42021279363 (safety) and CRD42021279369 (efficacy). Findings: Of 5697 records …
Meta-Analysis And Survival Analysis In Healthcare: Methods, Applications And Impact, Yinghui Wei
Meta-Analysis And Survival Analysis In Healthcare: Methods, Applications And Impact, Yinghui Wei
School of Engineering, Computing and Mathematics
We described our novel research in medical statistics and their impact in healthcare by drawing upon the following examples: a meta-analysis within the Cochrane review on the effect of cutting portion size on consumption of food; a Stata command to regenerate individual level time-to-event data from published survival curves; and the use of the difference in restricted mean survival time as an alternative to hazard ratios when analysing time-to-event outcomes.
Investigating Behavioural Responses Of Tiger Sharks (Galeocerdo Cuvier) To Novel Stimuli By Means Of Benthic Baited Remote Underwater Video Systems, India Brawermann, Alexander Horne, Grant Smith, Alexander Wilson
Investigating Behavioural Responses Of Tiger Sharks (Galeocerdo Cuvier) To Novel Stimuli By Means Of Benthic Baited Remote Underwater Video Systems, India Brawermann, Alexander Horne, Grant Smith, Alexander Wilson
School of Biological and Marine Sciences
Inspection behaviour in sharks, involving their approach and assessment of potential prey or threats, is vital for their predatory efficiency and defensive strategies, heavily influencing ecological dynamics and predator-prey interactions. This study investigates object inspection behaviour in tiger sharks (Galeocerdo Cuvier) using Baited Remote Underwater Video systems (BRUVs) deployed within the iSimangaliso Wetland Park (IWP) Marine Protected Area, in South Africa. Data collection and analysis focused on quantifying the frequency, duration, and characteristics of tiger shark interactions with BRUVs, and on assessing behavioural trends across demographic groups to facilitate the development of a behavioural ethogram. Key findings revealed adult females …
Genomic Insights And Phenotypic Characterisation Of Three Multidrug Resistant Cupriavidus Strains From The Cystic Fibrosis Lung, Sean D Kelly, James Butler, Heather Green, Andrew M Jones, Dervla T D Kenna, Sumita Pai, Katie J Muddiman, Trudie A Mccomb, Briana M Barrand, Vicky Bennett, Gyorgy Fejer, Mathew Upton
Genomic Insights And Phenotypic Characterisation Of Three Multidrug Resistant Cupriavidus Strains From The Cystic Fibrosis Lung, Sean D Kelly, James Butler, Heather Green, Andrew M Jones, Dervla T D Kenna, Sumita Pai, Katie J Muddiman, Trudie A Mccomb, Briana M Barrand, Vicky Bennett, Gyorgy Fejer, Mathew Upton
School of Biomedical Sciences
AimsWe aimed to investigate phenotypic and genomic traits of three Cupriavidus spp. isolates recovered from people with cystic fibrosis (PWCF). These bacteria are recognised as emerging pathogens in PWCF.Methods and ResultsUsing short and long sequencing reads, we assembled three hybrid complete genomes for the genus Cupriavidus, adding to the 45 published currently, describing multipartite genomes and plasmids. The isolates likely represent three different species, and they carry a cumulative total of 30 ARGs with high homology to well-characterised resistance determinants from other bacteria. Multidrug resistance to antibiotics used in CF management was observed in all three isolates. However, two treatments …
Psychrotrophic Antarctic Marine Bacteria As Potential Reservoirs For Novel Antimicrobial Genes, Kudzai Hwengwere, Grant G. January, Kerry L. Howell, Lloyd S. Peck, Mathew Upton, Melody S. Clark
Psychrotrophic Antarctic Marine Bacteria As Potential Reservoirs For Novel Antimicrobial Genes, Kudzai Hwengwere, Grant G. January, Kerry L. Howell, Lloyd S. Peck, Mathew Upton, Melody S. Clark
School of Biomedical Sciences
Antarctica is a very cold, isolated continent surrounded by frozen seas, yet these extreme environmental conditions have not restricted life and diversity in the sea. The marine environment is seasonally highly productive and harbours diverse and abundant communities of organisms, with many endemic species occurring nowhere else in the world. Such communities and their associated microbiomes are increasingly recognized as an unexplored source of novel antimicrobial products. Hence, the major aim of this study was to examine the antimicrobial potential of bacteria cultured from eight Antarctic marine invertebrate species, while gathering data on Antarctic microbial thermal and salinity tolerances. All …
Brewers’ Yeast (Saccharomyces Cerevisiae) Purified Functional Feed Additives Mitigate Soybean Meal-Induced Enteritis In Atlantic Salmon (Salmo Salar) Parr, Taofik A. Momoh, Sheu Gbolahan Odu-Onikosi, Folasade Damilola Amulejoye, Joshua Wilson, Benjamin Eynon, Holger Kühlwein, Victor Kuri, Daniel L. Merrifield
Brewers’ Yeast (Saccharomyces Cerevisiae) Purified Functional Feed Additives Mitigate Soybean Meal-Induced Enteritis In Atlantic Salmon (Salmo Salar) Parr, Taofik A. Momoh, Sheu Gbolahan Odu-Onikosi, Folasade Damilola Amulejoye, Joshua Wilson, Benjamin Eynon, Holger Kühlwein, Victor Kuri, Daniel L. Merrifield
School of Biological and Marine Sciences
Soybean meal (SBM) is commonly used in aquafeeds due to its wide availability, reasonable protein content, and cost-effectiveness. However, high SBM inclusion levels in the diets of carnivorous fish, such as Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar), can cause soybean meal-induced enteritis (SBMIE), resulting in compromised gut health, reduced nutrient absorption, and impaired growth. An 8-week study was conducted to evaluate the potential of brewers’ yeast-derived functional feed additives (FFAs), specifically yeast cell wall β-glucans (PβG [purified β-glucan]) and yeast cytosolic extracts (YEs), to mitigate the adverse effects of SBMIE in Atlantic salmon parr. Fish were fed diets containing 30% SBM (30-SBM) …
Eco-Genotoxicology: A Personal Reflection, Awadhesh N. Jha
Eco-Genotoxicology: A Personal Reflection, Awadhesh N. Jha
School of Biological and Marine Sciences
This reflective commentary provides a personal viewpoint of developments, over the last 3 decades, in the relatively new, multidisciplinary field of ‘eco-genotoxicology,’ also called ‘genetic ecotoxicology’. It aims to outline the scope of the subject area in relation to the historical development of the discipline, critically categorising accomplishments made, taking into account the available information. It also recognises limitations of the existing information and difficulties encountered in this challenging field. Where appropriate, the article makes comparisons to the advances made in human genetic toxicology and radiation biology. The article critically covers the applications of prevailing and emerging tools being used …
Understanding Infection, Viral Exacerbation And Respiratory Symptoms At Admission-Longitudinal (Universal) Study: A Prospective Observational Cohort Study Protocol, Universal Study Group, Tommaso Morelli, Martha Purcell, Pedro Rodrigues, Charles Roberts, Olivia Cox, Paul H. Lee, Kerensa Thorne, Alexander Allen, Angelica Cazaly, Jacqueline Nuttall, James Raftery, Gareth Griffiths, Andrew Cook, Nicola White, Neil J. Greening, Matthew Pavitt, James Myerson, Stefan J. Marciniak, Cyrus Daneshvar, Michael G. Crooks, Philip Mitchelmore, James D. Chalmers, Salman Siddiqui, Karl J. Staples, Tristan William Clark, Anna Freeman, Tom Wilkinson, Emma Tilt
Understanding Infection, Viral Exacerbation And Respiratory Symptoms At Admission-Longitudinal (Universal) Study: A Prospective Observational Cohort Study Protocol, Universal Study Group, Tommaso Morelli, Martha Purcell, Pedro Rodrigues, Charles Roberts, Olivia Cox, Paul H. Lee, Kerensa Thorne, Alexander Allen, Angelica Cazaly, Jacqueline Nuttall, James Raftery, Gareth Griffiths, Andrew Cook, Nicola White, Neil J. Greening, Matthew Pavitt, James Myerson, Stefan J. Marciniak, Cyrus Daneshvar, Michael G. Crooks, Philip Mitchelmore, James D. Chalmers, Salman Siddiqui, Karl J. Staples, Tristan William Clark, Anna Freeman, Tom Wilkinson, Emma Tilt
Peninsula Medical School
Background Respiratory viral infections (RVIs) are a significant cause of morbidity and hospital admission worldwide. However, the management of most viral infection-associated diseases remains primarily supportive. The recent COVID-19 pandemic has underscored the urgent need for a deeper understanding of RVIs to improve patient outcomes and develop effective treatment strategies. The Understanding Infection, Viral Exacerbation and Respiratory Symptoms at Admission-Longitudinal Study is an observational study which addresses this need by investigating the heterogeneity of RVIs in hospitalised adults, aiming to identify clinical and biological predictors of adverse outcomes. This study aims to bridge critical knowledge gaps in the clinical course …
The Lynmouth Flood Disaster As A ‘Rural Enterprise Metabolic Rift’ And Securitising Rural Regions Against Future Hazards Of Planetary Collapse, Orlando Goodall
The Lynmouth Flood Disaster As A ‘Rural Enterprise Metabolic Rift’ And Securitising Rural Regions Against Future Hazards Of Planetary Collapse, Orlando Goodall
School of Law, Humanities and Social Sciences
This article advances a novel synthesis of two critical theoretical positions to reinterpret the Lynmouth flood disaster of 1952 – an event which caused the deaths of 34 people. Rural enterprise criminology and the metabolic rift concept are brought into dialogue to elaborate a foundation from which to articulate the multifactorial process that eventuated in the flood. The article fills an absence in the social sciences on the significant loss of life that moves beyond descriptive narratives of the tragedy and dated positivist epistemology. The article displaces determinist explanations of natural science and popular invocations of ‘acts of God’ and …