Open Access. Powered by Scholars. Published by Universities.®

Digital Commons Network™

Open Access. Powered by Scholars. Published by Universities.®

University of Plymouth

Discipline
Keyword
Publication Year
Publication
Publication Type
File Type

Articles 601 - 630 of 2981

Full-Text Articles in Entire DC Network

Understanding The Experiences Of People With Dementia And Their Family Carers Participating In Healthcare Student Dementia Education: A Mixed-Methods Evaluation From The Time For Dementia Programme, S Daley, M Hebditch, Y Feeney, G Towson, Et Al Oct 2023

Understanding The Experiences Of People With Dementia And Their Family Carers Participating In Healthcare Student Dementia Education: A Mixed-Methods Evaluation From The Time For Dementia Programme, S Daley, M Hebditch, Y Feeney, G Towson, Et Al

Peninsula Medical School

Background There is increasing awareness of the potential for positive impacts on student learning from involving people with dementia and family carers within undergraduate teaching. However, research on the experience of people with dementia and their family carers is sparse. This study aimed to evaluate the satisfaction and views of families (people with dementia and their family carers) who volunteered in Time for Dementia (TFD); an educational programme where undergraduate healthcare students visit families at home over a 2-year period. Methods Families taking part in TFD completed a satisfaction survey after taking part in the programme (n = 803). Frequencies …

Go to article

The ‘Capability’ Of South African Energy Governance To Deliver Urban Sustainable Transitions, Stephen Essex, Federico Caprotti, Jiska De Groot, Jon Phillips, Lucy Baker, Peta Wolpe, Yachika Reddy Sep 2023

The ‘Capability’ Of South African Energy Governance To Deliver Urban Sustainable Transitions, Stephen Essex, Federico Caprotti, Jiska De Groot, Jon Phillips, Lucy Baker, Peta Wolpe, Yachika Reddy

School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences

Critical to the trajectory and outcome of urban sustainable energy transitions is the ability of government institutions to foster conditions for change and innovation. In this paper, a theoretical perspective combining state power and local governance capability is used as a lens to examine the transition of the energy system in South Africa based on semi-structured interviews with a range of relevant stakeholders, supplemented by analysis of published academic and policy literature. The discussion highlights uneven transitional pathways across the country caused by variations in ‘capability’, together with continuing conflicting interests within the system which require more politically-informed policy processes.

Go to article

The Anchoring Effect Of Climate Change Acts: A Policy Streams Analysis Of Ireland’S Climate Act Reform, Ian Bailey, Robert Nutkins, Tor Håkon Jackson Inderberg Sep 2023

The Anchoring Effect Of Climate Change Acts: A Policy Streams Analysis Of Ireland’S Climate Act Reform, Ian Bailey, Robert Nutkins, Tor Håkon Jackson Inderberg

School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences

The number of political jurisdictions introducing climate change acts (CCAs) has grown in recent years. As framework legislation, CCAs seek to exert anchoring effects on climate policy development by establishing general goals, principles and obligations that subsequent policies to reduce emissions must uphold. Despite expansive research on the negotiation of CCAs, limited analysis exists of factors shaping their anchoring effect or how tensions aligning other climate policies with CCA requirements are managed. This article addresses this by utilizing Kingdon’s multiple streams framework to analyze the negotiation of the Irish Climate Action and Low Carbon Development (Amendment) Act 2021, a CCA …

Go to article

Physical And Chemical Effects Of Conventional Microplastic Glitter Versus Alternative Glitter Particles On A Freshwater Plant (Lemnaceae: Lemna Minor), Bas Boots, Dannielle Senga Green, Brigitta Olah-Kovacs, Falco F De, Emanuele Lupo Sep 2023

Physical And Chemical Effects Of Conventional Microplastic Glitter Versus Alternative Glitter Particles On A Freshwater Plant (Lemnaceae: Lemna Minor), Bas Boots, Dannielle Senga Green, Brigitta Olah-Kovacs, Falco F De, Emanuele Lupo

School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences

Glitters are primary microplastics which are directly littered into the environment, yet the ecological effects have seldom been tested. When microplastics enter the environment, their physical presence and chemical leachate may alter the physiology of primary producers. Glitter can be composed of plastic or natural and/or biodegradable materials, often with additives. Three experiments were run for 14 days to separate chemical and physical effects of different types of glitter: polyethylene terephthalate (PET), biodegradable modified regenerated cellulose (MRC), synthetic mica, and a natural particle control (kaolinite) on several physical characteristics of Lemna minor (common duckweed). L. minor was exposed to either …

Go to article

Lead And Mercury In Historical Books And Their Contribution To Dust Contamination, Andrew Turner Sep 2023

Lead And Mercury In Historical Books And Their Contribution To Dust Contamination, Andrew Turner

School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences

Historical products are often a source of toxic substances, like heavy metals, that have since been restricted. In this study, the lead (Pb) and mercury (Hg) content of 133 books housed in two collections in southwest England (a university library and council repository), and published between 1704 and 2018, have been determined on-site by X-ray fluorescence spectrometry. Lead was detected in the front panels, text blocks and interior colour illustrations of most books, with maximum concentration of 15,100 mg kg-1, 8680 mg kg-1 and 12,800 mg kg-1, respectively. However, concentrations above 1000 mg kg-1 were generally restricted to books published …

Go to article

The Role Of Medium And Small Size Ports In Sustainable Development: Evidence From The Port Of Plymouth, S Karamperidis, Ms Lafir Sep 2023

The Role Of Medium And Small Size Ports In Sustainable Development: Evidence From The Port Of Plymouth, S Karamperidis, Ms Lafir

Plymouth Business School

Ports are a key facilitator of maritime trade as 80% of global trade is carried by ships (UNCTAD, 2022). Ports act as crucial gateways and nodes which support billions of tonnes moving through them. Ports are viewed as an economic catalyst for the regions they serve contributing to economic growth, jobs, taxes, and facilitating decarbonisation (Notteboom et al, 2022; Alamoush et al, 2022). The rapid rise of globalisation and technological advances has increased trade through shipping, specifically containers, to utilise economies of scale (UNCTAD, 2022). That adds tremendous pressure on the logistics and infrastructure of ports (ibid). Larger vessels present …

Go to article

Thinning And Surface Mass Balance Patterns Of Two Neighbouring Debris-Covered Glaciers In The Southeastern Tibetan Plateau, Chuanxi Zhao, Wei Yang, Evan Miles, Matthew Westoby, Marin Kneib, Yongjie Wang, Zhen He, Francesca Pellicciotti Sep 2023

Thinning And Surface Mass Balance Patterns Of Two Neighbouring Debris-Covered Glaciers In The Southeastern Tibetan Plateau, Chuanxi Zhao, Wei Yang, Evan Miles, Matthew Westoby, Marin Kneib, Yongjie Wang, Zhen He, Francesca Pellicciotti

School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences

Debris-covered glaciers are a common feature of the mountain cryosphere in the southeastern Tibetan Plateau. A better understanding of these glaciers is necessary to reduce the uncertainties in regional water resource variability and to anticipate potential cryospheric risks. In this study, we quantified the seasonal thinning and surface mass balance patterns of two neighbouring debris-covered glaciers (23K Glacier and 24K Glacier) in the southeastern Tibetan Plateau with four unpiloted aerial vehicle surveys and in situ measurements. We observed that the thinning of 23K Glacier was ∼2–7 times greater than that of the 24K Glacier for annual and cold periods. The …

Go to article

Tropical Forests Are Approaching Critical Temperature Thresholds, Christopher E. Doughty, Jenna M. Keany, Benjamin C. Wiebe, Camilo Rey-Sanchez, Kelsey R. Carter, Kali B. Middleby, Alexander W. Cheesman, Michael L. Goulden, Rocha Hr Da, Scott D. Miller, Yadvinder Malhi, Sophie Fauset, Emanuel Gloor, Martijn Slot, Menor I Oliveras, Kristine Y. Crous, Gregory R. Goldsmith, Joshua B. Fisher Sep 2023

Tropical Forests Are Approaching Critical Temperature Thresholds, Christopher E. Doughty, Jenna M. Keany, Benjamin C. Wiebe, Camilo Rey-Sanchez, Kelsey R. Carter, Kali B. Middleby, Alexander W. Cheesman, Michael L. Goulden, Rocha Hr Da, Scott D. Miller, Yadvinder Malhi, Sophie Fauset, Emanuel Gloor, Martijn Slot, Menor I Oliveras, Kristine Y. Crous, Gregory R. Goldsmith, Joshua B. Fisher

School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences

The critical temperature beyond which photosynthetic machinery in tropical trees begins to fail averages approximately 46.7 °C (Tcrit)1. However, it remains unclear whether leaf temperatures experienced by tropical vegetation approach this threshold or soon will under climate change. Here we found that pantropical canopy temperatures independently triangulated from individual leaf thermocouples, pyrgeometers and remote sensing (ECOSTRESS) have midday peak temperatures of approximately 34 °C during dry periods, with a long high-temperature tail that can exceed 40 °C. Leaf thermocouple data from multiple sites across the tropics suggest that even within pixels of moderate temperatures, upper canopy leaves exceed Tcrit 0.01% …

Go to article

Thin And Transient Meltwater Layers And False Bottoms In The Arctic Sea Ice Pack-Recent Insights On These Historically Overlooked Features, Madison M. Smith, Hélène Angot, Emelia J. Chamberlain, Elise S. Droste, Salar Karam, Morven Muilwijk, Alison L. Webb, Stephen D. Archer, Ivo Beck, Byron W. Blomquist, Jeff Bowman, Matthew Boyer, Deborah Bozzato, Melissa Chierici, Jessie Creamean, Alessandra D’Angelo, Bruno Delille, Ilker Fer, Allison A. Fong, Agneta Fransson, Niels Fuchs, Jessie Gardner, Mats A. Granskog, Clara J.M. Hoppe, Mario Hoppema, Mario Hoppmann, Thomas Mock, Sofia Muller, Oliver Müller, Marcel Nicolaus Sep 2023

Thin And Transient Meltwater Layers And False Bottoms In The Arctic Sea Ice Pack-Recent Insights On These Historically Overlooked Features, Madison M. Smith, Hélène Angot, Emelia J. Chamberlain, Elise S. Droste, Salar Karam, Morven Muilwijk, Alison L. Webb, Stephen D. Archer, Ivo Beck, Byron W. Blomquist, Jeff Bowman, Matthew Boyer, Deborah Bozzato, Melissa Chierici, Jessie Creamean, Alessandra D’Angelo, Bruno Delille, Ilker Fer, Allison A. Fong, Agneta Fransson, Niels Fuchs, Jessie Gardner, Mats A. Granskog, Clara J.M. Hoppe, Mario Hoppema, Mario Hoppmann, Thomas Mock, Sofia Muller, Oliver Müller, Marcel Nicolaus

School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences

The rapid melt of snow and sea ice during the Arctic summer provides a significant source of low-salinity meltwater to the surface ocean on the local scale. The accumulation of this meltwater on, under, and around sea ice floes can result in relatively thin meltwater layers in the upper ocean. Due to the small-scale nature of these upper-ocean features, typically on the order of 1 m thick or less, they are rarely detected by standard methods, but are nevertheless pervasive and critically important in Arctic summer. Observations during the Multidisciplinary drifting Observatory for the Study of Arctic Climate (MOSAiC) expedition …

Go to article

A Grand Canonical Monte Carlo Simulation For The Evaluation Of Pore Size Distribution Of Nuclear-Grade Graphite From Kr Adsorption Isotherms, Giuliano M. Laudone, Katie L. Jones Sep 2023

A Grand Canonical Monte Carlo Simulation For The Evaluation Of Pore Size Distribution Of Nuclear-Grade Graphite From Kr Adsorption Isotherms, Giuliano M. Laudone, Katie L. Jones

School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences

Characterizing materials with low surface areas or with very small sample sizes requires innovative approaches beyond traditional N2 and Ar adsorption measurements. The measurement of Kr adsorption isotherms is often employed to serve this purpose, yet its potential remains limited by the lack of models for the interpretation of the experimental results in terms of pore size distribution. In this work, simulated adsorption isotherms of Kr onto graphite in slit-shaped pores are generated with a Grand Canonical Monte Carlo method. The pore size distributions of nuclear-grade graphite samples and activated carbon are modelled by fitting simulated isotherms to the experimental …

Go to article

Empirical Business Research On Modern Slavery In Supply Chains: A Systematic Review, Natalia Szablewska, Krzysztof Kubacki Sep 2023

Empirical Business Research On Modern Slavery In Supply Chains: A Systematic Review, Natalia Szablewska, Krzysztof Kubacki

Plymouth Business School

Modern slavery is a persistent global practice, with an estimated 50 million people trapped in one of its many forms today. In the last decade, attention has shifted to how business facilitates modern slavery and plays a key role in eliminating it from its operations and supply chains. The purpose of this study is to provide a rigorous foundation for scholarly and practice-oriented research by systematically reviewing and synthesising the existing literature to identify key areas for future empirical business research on modern slavery in supply chains. Examination of 26 relevant studies provides an evidence base for future research and …

Go to article

Restoration Management Of Phosphorus Pollution On Lowland Fen Peatlands: A Data Evidence Review From The Somerset Levels And Moors, Sean Comber, Paul Lunt, Mark Taylor, Natasha Underwood, Ry Crocker, Rob Schindler Sep 2023

Restoration Management Of Phosphorus Pollution On Lowland Fen Peatlands: A Data Evidence Review From The Somerset Levels And Moors, Sean Comber, Paul Lunt, Mark Taylor, Natasha Underwood, Ry Crocker, Rob Schindler

School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences

Eutrophication of wetlands caused by urban, industrial and agricultural run-off is an important environmental problem. Eutrophication is characterized by excessive plant and algal growth due to the increased availability of one or more growth “limiting nutrients”, in freshwater generally considered to be controlled by the bioavailability of phosphorus (P). The Somerset Levels and Moors (SLMs) catchments are subject to intensive agriculture and wastewater inputs which leads to nutrient contamination of the inflow waters, to the extent that they fail Water Framework Directive Good Status targets for P concentrations. In 2021, Natural England downgraded the status of the SLMs Sites of …

Go to article

(Im)Mobilising Youth Citizenship / Youth Citizenship (Im)Mobilities, Mark Holton, Suzanne Beech, Sara Mcdowell Aug 2023

(Im)Mobilising Youth Citizenship / Youth Citizenship (Im)Mobilities, Mark Holton, Suzanne Beech, Sara Mcdowell

School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences

Mobility is a vital component to many conceptual, empirical and philosophical debates surrounding age, ageing and the life-course. In this paper we focus on how the relationship between mobility and citizenship shapes young people’s life-courses and life-chances, and, in turn, how this influences how young people engage with, produce, manage and promote everyday spaces. More than ever before, contemporary youth experience a myriad of expectations (both chances and needs) for mobility, all of which have allied opportunities and challenges that feed into their everyday and future lives. Specifically, mobility has clear implications for notions of citizenship and ‘being mobile’ is …

Go to article

An Adaptive Cybersecurity Training Framework For The Education Of Social Media Users At Work, Salamah F Ben, Marco A. Palomino, Matthew J. Craven, Maria Papadaki, Steven Furnell Aug 2023

An Adaptive Cybersecurity Training Framework For The Education Of Social Media Users At Work, Salamah F Ben, Marco A. Palomino, Matthew J. Craven, Maria Papadaki, Steven Furnell

School of Engineering, Computing and Mathematics

Formalizing the approach towards risk management on social media is critical for organizations. Regrettably, a review of the state-of-the-art on cybersecurity training highlighted that the existing frameworks are either too generic or too cumbersome to be adapted to different organizations and needs. Thus, we developed the Adaptive Cybersecurity Training Framework for Social Media Risks (ACSTF-SMR), a framework that incorporates social media cybersecurity policies and best practices. The ACSTF-SMR enables organizations, trainers, and policymakers to address the challenges posed by social media in a way that satisfies employees’ training needs and adjusts to their preferences. We tested the ACSTF-SMR with 38 …

Go to article

How Is Transition To Medical Practice Shaped By A Novel Transitional Role? A Mixed-Methods Study, Bryan Burford, Karen Mattick, Daniele Carrieri, Anna Goulding, Thomas Gale, Nicola Brennan, Gillian Vance Aug 2023

How Is Transition To Medical Practice Shaped By A Novel Transitional Role? A Mixed-Methods Study, Bryan Burford, Karen Mattick, Daniele Carrieri, Anna Goulding, Thomas Gale, Nicola Brennan, Gillian Vance

Peninsula Medical School

Abstract Objectives This study considered a novel ‘interim’ transitional role for new doctors (termed ‘FiY1’, interim Foundation Year 1), bridging medical school and Foundation Programme (FP). Research questions considered effects on doctors’ well-being and perceived preparedness, and influences on their experience of transition. While FiY1 was introduced in response to the COVID-19 pandemic, findings have wider and ongoing relevance. Design A sequential mixed-methods study involved two questionnaire phases, followed by semi-structured interviews. In phase 1, questionnaires were distributed to doctors in FiY1 posts, and in phase 2, to all new FP doctors, including those who had not undertaken FiY1. Setting …

Go to article

Toward Understanding The Environmental Risks Of Combined Microplastics/Nanomaterials Exposures: Unveiling Zno Transformations After Adsorption Onto Polystyrene Microplastics In Environmental Solutions, Ma Gomez‐Gonzalez, Silva‐Ferreira T Da, Nathaniel Clark, Robert Clough, Paul D. Quinn, Julia E. Parker Aug 2023

Toward Understanding The Environmental Risks Of Combined Microplastics/Nanomaterials Exposures: Unveiling Zno Transformations After Adsorption Onto Polystyrene Microplastics In Environmental Solutions, Ma Gomez‐Gonzalez, Silva‐Ferreira T Da, Nathaniel Clark, Robert Clough, Paul D. Quinn, Julia E. Parker

School of Health Professions

AbstractOver recent decades, there has been a dramatic increase in the manufacture of engineered nanomaterials, which has inevitably led to their environmental release. Zinc oxide (ZnO) is among the more abundant nanomaterial manufactured due to its advantageous properties, used for piezoelectric, semiconducting, and antibacterial purposes. Plastic waste is ubiquitous and may break down or delaminate into smaller microplastics, leaving open the question of whether these small polymers may alter the fate of ZnO through adsorption within aquatic media (tap‐water and seawater). Here, scanning electron microscopy analysis confirms the effective Zn nano/microstructures adsorption onto polystyrene surfaces after only 24‐h incubation in …

Go to article

In Silico Prediction Of Acute Chemical Toxicity Of Biocides In Marine Crustaceans Using Machine Learning, Rama Krishnan, Ian S. Howard, Sean Comber, Awadhesh N. Jha Aug 2023

In Silico Prediction Of Acute Chemical Toxicity Of Biocides In Marine Crustaceans Using Machine Learning, Rama Krishnan, Ian S. Howard, Sean Comber, Awadhesh N. Jha

School of Engineering, Computing and Mathematics

Biocides are a heterogeneous group of chemical substances intended to control the growth or kill undesired organisms. Due to their extensive use, they enter marine ecosystems via non-point sources and may pose a threat to ecologically important non-target organisms. Consequently, industries and regulatory agencies have recognized the ecotoxicological hazard potential of biocides. However, the prediction of biocide chemical toxicity on marine crustaceans has not been previously evaluated. This study aims to provide in silico models capable of classifying structurally diverse biocidal chemicals into different toxicity categories and predict acute chemical toxicity (LC50) in marine crustaceans using a set of calculated …

Go to article

Optimisation Of Plutonium Separations Using Teva Cartridges And Icp-Ms/Ms Analysis For Applicability To Large-Scale Studies In Tropical Soils, Sophia M. Dowell, Thomas S. Barlow, Simon R. Chenery, Olivier S. Humphrey, Job Isaboke, William H. Blake, Odipo Osano, Michael J. Watts Aug 2023

Optimisation Of Plutonium Separations Using Teva Cartridges And Icp-Ms/Ms Analysis For Applicability To Large-Scale Studies In Tropical Soils, Sophia M. Dowell, Thomas S. Barlow, Simon R. Chenery, Olivier S. Humphrey, Job Isaboke, William H. Blake, Odipo Osano, Michael J. Watts

School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences

The analysis of plutonium (Pu) in soil samples can inform the understanding of soil erosion processes globally. However, there are specific challenges associated for analysis in tropical soils and so an optimal analytical methodology ensuring best sensitivity is critical. This method aimed to demonstrate the feasibility of sample preparation and analysis of Pu isotopes in African soils, considering the environmental and cost implications applicable to low-resource laboratories. The separation procedure builds upon previous work using TEVA columns, further demonstrating their usefulness for the reduction of uranium (U) interference in ICP-MS analysis with enhanced selectivity for Pu. Here several steps were …

Go to article

More Than Agriculture: Analysing Time-Cumulative Human Impact On European Land-Cover Of Second Half Of The Holocene, Anhelina Zapolska, Maria Antonia Serge, Florence Mazier, Aurélien Quiquet, Hans Renssen, Mathieu Vrac, Ralph Fyfe, Didier M. Roche Aug 2023

More Than Agriculture: Analysing Time-Cumulative Human Impact On European Land-Cover Of Second Half Of The Holocene, Anhelina Zapolska, Maria Antonia Serge, Florence Mazier, Aurélien Quiquet, Hans Renssen, Mathieu Vrac, Ralph Fyfe, Didier M. Roche

School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences

Assessment of past anthropogenic modifications of land-cover dynamics is key to understanding the human role in the Earth system. Recent advances in palaeoenvironmental sciences allow us to assess the long-term impacts of anthropization on ecosystems, landscapes, and land-cover. Our study aims to evaluate the role of human impact on European land-cover over the past 6000 years by comparing two independent datasets. First, we use a dynamic vegetation model forced by debiased climate model outputs. The climate model uses natural forcings only and therefore the computed vegetation distribution is interpreted as the potential natural vegetation. Second, we use pollen-based reconstructions, which …

Go to article

Characterisation Of Volatile Organic Compounds In Hospital Indoor Air And Exposure Health Risk Determination, Thiphanie P. Riveron, Michael J. Wilde, Wadah Ibrahim, Liesl Carr, Paul S. Monks, Neil J. Greening, Erol A. Gaillard, Chris E. Brightling, Salman Siddiqui, Anna L. Hansell, Rebecca L. Cordell Aug 2023

Characterisation Of Volatile Organic Compounds In Hospital Indoor Air And Exposure Health Risk Determination, Thiphanie P. Riveron, Michael J. Wilde, Wadah Ibrahim, Liesl Carr, Paul S. Monks, Neil J. Greening, Erol A. Gaillard, Chris E. Brightling, Salman Siddiqui, Anna L. Hansell, Rebecca L. Cordell

School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences

Several volatile organic compounds (VOCs) have impacts on human health, but little is known about the concentrations of VOCs in the hospital environment. This study characterised VOCs present in clinical assessment rooms. More than 600 samples of air were collected over 31 months (2017–2020) at two hospital sites in Leicester, United Kingdom, and analysed by comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography, making this the largest hospital environment database worldwide on VOCs and first such UK study. The most abundant VOCs found were 2-propanol, ethyl chloride, acetone and hexane, with respective mean concentrations of 696.6 μgm−3, 436.5 μgm−3, 83.9 μgm−3 and 58.5 μgm−3. …

Go to article

Commodification And Healthcare In The Third Sector In England: From Gift To Commodity – And Back?, Rod Sheaff, Angela Ellis-Paine, Mark Exworthy, Rebecca Hardwick, Chris Q. Smith Aug 2023

Commodification And Healthcare In The Third Sector In England: From Gift To Commodity – And Back?, Rod Sheaff, Angela Ellis-Paine, Mark Exworthy, Rebecca Hardwick, Chris Q. Smith

Peninsula Medical School

When publicly-funded services are outsourced, governments still use multiple governance structures to retain some control over the services provided. Using realist methods the authors systematically compared this aspect of community health activities provided by third sector organizations in six English localities during 2020–2022. Two modes of commissioning coexisted. Commodified commissioning largely embodied Washington consensus models of formal, competitive procurement. A contrasting, collaborative mode of commissioning relied more upon relational, long-term co-operation and networking among organizations. When the two modes conflicted, commissioners often favoured the collaborative mode and sought to adjust their commissioning to make it less commodified.

Go to article

Localization Of Deformation In A Non‐Collisional Subduction Orogen: The Roles Of Dip Geometry And Plate Strength On The Evolution Of The Broken Andean Foreland, Sierras Pampeanas, Argentina, M Pons, Constanza Rodriguez Piceda, Sv Sobolev, M Scheck‐Wenderoth, Mr Strecker Aug 2023

Localization Of Deformation In A Non‐Collisional Subduction Orogen: The Roles Of Dip Geometry And Plate Strength On The Evolution Of The Broken Andean Foreland, Sierras Pampeanas, Argentina, M Pons, Constanza Rodriguez Piceda, Sv Sobolev, M Scheck‐Wenderoth, Mr Strecker

School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences

The southern Central Andes (SCA, 27°–40°S) exhibit a complex deformation pattern that is influenced by multiple factors, including the present‐day dip angle of the subducting oceanic Nazca plate and the influence of inherited heterogeneities in the continental South American plate. This study employs a data‐driven geodynamic workflow to assess the role of various forcing factors in determining upper‐plate strain localization, both above the flat slab and the steeper segment to the south. These include the dip angle of the Nazca plate, the mechanically weak sedimentary basins, the thickness and composition of the continental crust, the strength of the subduction interface, …

Go to article

Revolution And Continuity? Reassessing Nineteenth-Century Moorland Reclamation Through Palaeoecological And Archival Research, Leonard Baker, Francis M. Rowney, Henry French, Ralph M. Fyfe Aug 2023

Revolution And Continuity? Reassessing Nineteenth-Century Moorland Reclamation Through Palaeoecological And Archival Research, Leonard Baker, Francis M. Rowney, Henry French, Ralph M. Fyfe

School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences

The upland moorlands of Britain are environmentally and culturally important ecosystems. Yet, our understanding of historical attempts to ‘reclaim’ these landscapes is often based upon incomplete accounts of agricultural ‘improvement’. Studies of historical landscape change have frequently focused on singular ‘revolutionary’ moments due to the limitation and biases of surviving historical sources, which has created a contemporary fixation on ‘reversing’ singular interventions. By combining palaeoecological data (pollen, coprophilous fungal spores and microcharcoal) from a recent study of five upland sites with newly rediscovered archival documents, this paper details the differences between how nineteenth-century actors described ecological interventions and some of …

Go to article

Reconstructing Ancient Dispersal Through Antarctica: A Case Study Of Stream-Inhabiting Beetles, V Sykora, Leonel Herrera-Alsina, Crystal Maier, Nicolás Rafael Martínez-Román, Miguel Archangelsky, David T. Bilton, Matthias Seidel, Richard A.B. Leschen, Martin Fikáček Aug 2023

Reconstructing Ancient Dispersal Through Antarctica: A Case Study Of Stream-Inhabiting Beetles, V Sykora, Leonel Herrera-Alsina, Crystal Maier, Nicolás Rafael Martínez-Román, Miguel Archangelsky, David T. Bilton, Matthias Seidel, Richard A.B. Leschen, Martin Fikáček

School of Biological and Marine Sciences

Aim Although Antarctica hosted a diverse fauna and flora in the past, its modern climate is too extreme for many lineages: their recent extinction makes it difficult to include the continent in historical biogeographical analyses. We use southern temperate stream‐inhabiting beetles as a model to explore whether Antarctica may be included in historical biogeographic reconstructions in a group absent from Antarctica today, and to test its role in shaping the current distribution of stream‐inhabiting insects. Taxon Coleoptera, Elmidae. Location Southern Hemisphere temperate regions and Antarctica. Methods We included Antarctica in historical biogeographic analyses indirectly, as a component of distance matrices …

Go to article

Challenges And Opportunities In Achieving Sustainable Mud Crab Aquaculture In Tropical Coastal Regions, Elina Apine, Prashanth Ramappa, Ramachandra Bhatta, Lucy M. Turner, Lynda D. Rodwell Aug 2023

Challenges And Opportunities In Achieving Sustainable Mud Crab Aquaculture In Tropical Coastal Regions, Elina Apine, Prashanth Ramappa, Ramachandra Bhatta, Lucy M. Turner, Lynda D. Rodwell

School of Biological and Marine Sciences

Aquaculture plays a significant role in food security and provides livelihoods and employment for millions of people among coastal communities worldwide. However, the growing aquaculture sector has also created debates around its long-term ecological sustainability, economic viability, potential social inequalities and governance issues. We investigated the perceived challenges and opportunities to achieving sustainable mud crab aquaculture in tropical coastal regions by using the case study of coastal mud crab farms in Andhra Pradesh, India. Informed by perceptions and indicative financial data from a sample of stakeholders we investigated the potential economic outcomes under different scenarios representing varying yield levels, risk …

Go to article

Holocene Variations In The Asian Summer And Winter Monsoons Reconstructed From Extensive Lacustrine Sediments In The Mu Us Desert, Northern China, Xiaohao Wen, Matt W. Telfer, Baosheng Li, W Wang, Tim Daley, C Wang, Mengyuan Tian, Mingkun Qiu Aug 2023

Holocene Variations In The Asian Summer And Winter Monsoons Reconstructed From Extensive Lacustrine Sediments In The Mu Us Desert, Northern China, Xiaohao Wen, Matt W. Telfer, Baosheng Li, W Wang, Tim Daley, C Wang, Mengyuan Tian, Mingkun Qiu

School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences

The Salawusu River Valley cuts through the Mu Us Desert in north central China, and lies at the interface of the East Asian Summer and Winter Monsoonal regions. Exposed at numerous locations in the valley side are extensive late Quaternary deposits, consisting of interbedded aeolian sands, fluvio-lacustrine units and palaeosols. Due to the importance of the location in potentially elucidating both summer and winter monsoonal regimes, and the quality of the sedimentary record, the region has a rich history of study, and yet even within the Holocene sequence, many conflicting interpretations have arisen based on studies on different sections. This …

Go to article

Graduates’ Preparedness For The Changing Doctor‐Patient Relationship: A Qualitative Study, Nicola Brennan, Nicola Langdon, Natasha Keates, Karen Mattick, Thomas Gale Aug 2023

Graduates’ Preparedness For The Changing Doctor‐Patient Relationship: A Qualitative Study, Nicola Brennan, Nicola Langdon, Natasha Keates, Karen Mattick, Thomas Gale

Peninsula Medical School

BACKGROUND: A positive doctor-patient relationship is a crucial part of high-quality patient care. There is a general perception that it has been changing in recent years however there is a lack of evidence for this. Adapting to the changing doctor-patient relationship has been identified as an important skill doctors of the future must possess. This study explores 1). multiple stakeholder perspectives on how the doctor-patient relationship is changing and 2). in what ways medical graduates are prepared for working in this changing doctor-patient relationship. METHODS: We conducted a national qualitative study involving semi-structured interviews with multiple stakeholders across the UK. …

Go to article

The Development Of Arable Cultivation In The South-East Of England And Its Relationship With Vegetation Cover: A Honeymoon Period For Biodiversity?, Vareilles A De, Jessie Woodbridge, Ruth Pelling, Ralph Fyfe, D Smith, Gill Campbell, W Smith, Wendy Carruthers, Stacey Adams, Hegarat K Le, Lucy Allot Jul 2023

The Development Of Arable Cultivation In The South-East Of England And Its Relationship With Vegetation Cover: A Honeymoon Period For Biodiversity?, Vareilles A De, Jessie Woodbridge, Ruth Pelling, Ralph Fyfe, D Smith, Gill Campbell, W Smith, Wendy Carruthers, Stacey Adams, Hegarat K Le, Lucy Allot

School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences

The onset of prehistoric farming brought unprecedented changes to landscapes and their biodiversity. Past biodiversity patterns are broadly understood for different parts of Europe, and demonstrate trajectories that have been linked to prehistoric and historic demographic transitions, and associated land-use practices. To our knowledge, this paper is the first attempt to directly link evidence of agricultural practice from the archaeological record to biodiversity patterns. Records of fossil pollen are used to estimate plant and landscape diversity patterns, and novel approaches are employed to analyse 1194 harmonised archaeobotanical samples (plant macrofossil remains) spanning the prehistoric and Roman periods, from southern England. …

Go to article

Did The Bronze Age Deforestation Of Europe Affect Its Climate? A Regional Climate Model Study Using Pollen-Based Land Cover Reconstructions, Gustav Strandberg, Jie Chen, Ralph Fyfe, Erik Kjellström, Johan Lindström, Anneli Poska, Qiong Zhang, Marie José Gaillard Jul 2023

Did The Bronze Age Deforestation Of Europe Affect Its Climate? A Regional Climate Model Study Using Pollen-Based Land Cover Reconstructions, Gustav Strandberg, Jie Chen, Ralph Fyfe, Erik Kjellström, Johan Lindström, Anneli Poska, Qiong Zhang, Marie José Gaillard

School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences

Abstract. This paper studies the impact of land use and land cover change (LULCC) on the climate around 2500 years ago (2.5 ka), a period of rapid transitions across the European landscape. One global climate model was used to force two regional climate models (RCMs). The RCMs used two land cover descriptions. The first was from a dynamical vegetation model representing potential land cover, and the second was from a land cover description reconstructed from pollen data by statistical interpolation. The two different land covers enable us to study the impact of land cover on climate conditions. Since the difference …

Go to article

Medically Unexplained Symptoms And Mental Well-Being: A Comparative Study Between University Students And Members Of The General Population, Alice Marler Jul 2023

Medically Unexplained Symptoms And Mental Well-Being: A Comparative Study Between University Students And Members Of The General Population, Alice Marler

The Plymouth Student Scientist

Research has consistently established an association between medically unexplained symptoms (MUS) and mental health concerns, such as anxiety and depression. Due to the ongoing student mental health crisis, the current study predicted MUS would be highly prevalent for this population; an issue which has not yet been explored. It aimed to establish differential prevalence rates of MUS between students and non-students, and to further explore the relationship between MUS and mental health. It was predicted that mental health concerns and MUS would correlate with each other, and that both would occur more in student participants. To test this, the Depression …

Go to article

First Prev Next Last