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Full-Text Articles in Entire DC Network
The Achievement Of Sustainability And Legacies By The Host Cities Of The Summer Olympiads, 2012–2024, Stephen Essex, Renata Latuf De Oliveira Sanchez
The Achievement Of Sustainability And Legacies By The Host Cities Of The Summer Olympiads, 2012–2024, Stephen Essex, Renata Latuf De Oliveira Sanchez
School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences
Since the emergence of the concept of sustainable development, the Olympic Games have become a vehicle to demonstrate and promote the principles and practices of sustainability. The aim of this paper is to explain and evaluate how the application of sustainable development in the context of the Summer Olympic Games has evolved. Two processes have been influential in this change: first, the institutional expectations of the International Olympic Committee have encouraged greater responsibility towards the creation of legacies by potential host cities through the IOC Charter, the Olympic Agenda 2020, and the Olympic Agenda 2020+5; and second, the context and …
First Evidence Of Vampyromorph Cephalopod Jaw Structures From The Sinemurian, Lower Jurassic Of Dorset, Mb Hart, Chris Moore, Gd Price
First Evidence Of Vampyromorph Cephalopod Jaw Structures From The Sinemurian, Lower Jurassic Of Dorset, Mb Hart, Chris Moore, Gd Price
School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences
A new specimen of the Coleoidea from the Charmouth Mudstone Formation of the Dorset Coast has been identified as Loligosepia bucklandi (Voltz, 1840). The specimen includes the gladius and jaw fragments, which represent one of few records of its kind, but the head area, arms, hooks and suckers are not discernible. It can be favourably compared to other L. bucklandi fossils in the Natural History Museum in London and the J.F. Jackson Collection in the National Museum Wales in Cardiff. The range of L. bucklandi is determined to be from the Turneri Zone, Brooki Subzone to the Obtusum Zone, Stellare …
Modelling Pyroclastic Density Currents Of The April 2021 La Soufrière St. Vincent Eruption: From Rapid Invasion Maps To Field-Constrained Numerical Simulations, Valentin Gueugneau, Sylvain Charbonnier, Victoria L. Miller, Paul Cole, Raphaël Grandin, Edna W. Dualeh
Modelling Pyroclastic Density Currents Of The April 2021 La Soufrière St. Vincent Eruption: From Rapid Invasion Maps To Field-Constrained Numerical Simulations, Valentin Gueugneau, Sylvain Charbonnier, Victoria L. Miller, Paul Cole, Raphaël Grandin, Edna W. Dualeh
School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences
The April 2021 La Soufrière of St Vincent eruption generated several pyroclastic density currents (PDCs) during the 2 weeks of the crisis, from 9 to 22 April. To support the hazard assessment team during this eruption, numerical simulations were performed in real time and generated rapid scenario-based PDC invasion maps with the two-phase version of the code VolcFlow, which was able to simulate both the concentrated and dilute regime of PDCs. To generate the maps, only the source properties (shape and location) and the initial volume used to generate the PDCs were varied, all other input parameters were kept constant …
Surface Ocean Biogeochemistry And Deep Ocean Circulation Control Relationships Between Nutrient-Type Trace Metals (Cd, Ni, Cu, And Zn) And Nutrients In The South Atlantic Ocean Near The Subtropical Front, Xue Gang Chen, Martha Gledhill, Maeve C. Lohan, Angela Milne, Eric P. Achterberg
Surface Ocean Biogeochemistry And Deep Ocean Circulation Control Relationships Between Nutrient-Type Trace Metals (Cd, Ni, Cu, And Zn) And Nutrients In The South Atlantic Ocean Near The Subtropical Front, Xue Gang Chen, Martha Gledhill, Maeve C. Lohan, Angela Milne, Eric P. Achterberg
School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences
The ocean region along the latitude of 40°S in the South Atlantic, characterized by enhanced primary productivity, forms a transition zone between the nutrient replete but iron depleted Southern Ocean, and the nitrate and iron depleted Subtropical Gyre. Here, we present distributions of nutrient-type dissolved and particulate trace metals (dTMs and pTMs) including cadmium (Cd), nickel (Ni), copper (Cu), and zinc (Zn) in the South Atlantic from the GEOTRACES GA10 cruises. Phytoplankton uptake, riverine and atmospheric inputs shaped dTM and pTM concentrations in surface waters (dCd 27.8 ± 36.0 pmol kg−1, n = 222; dCu 0.732 ± 0.429 …
Petrology Of The Explosive Deposits From The April 2021 Eruption Of La Soufrière Volcano, St Vincent: A Time-Series Analysis Of Microlites, Holli M. Frey, Matthew R. Manon, Jenni Barclay, Bridie V. Davies, Sydney A. Walters, Paul D. Cole, Thomas E. Christopher, Erouscilla P. Joseph
Petrology Of The Explosive Deposits From The April 2021 Eruption Of La Soufrière Volcano, St Vincent: A Time-Series Analysis Of Microlites, Holli M. Frey, Matthew R. Manon, Jenni Barclay, Bridie V. Davies, Sydney A. Walters, Paul D. Cole, Thomas E. Christopher, Erouscilla P. Joseph
School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences
After more than three months of lava dome extrusion, La Soufrière (St. Vincent) transitioned to a series of explosive eruptions in April 2021. Here we present a time-series petrologic analysis of the phenocryst and microlite populations during the first ∼48 hours of explosivity to constrain ascent conditions and processes that drove changes in behavior. Primary eruptive products were crystal-rich (45-50 vol%) basaltic andesites with similar phenocryst phase assemblages and compositions. The change in eruptive style is consistent with overpresurization as a consequence of second boiling from anhydrous microlite crystallization. The microlites display variation between the explosive phases, with two populations: …
Deploying The Hybrid Project Management Methodology Framework In Major Transportation Projects In The United Kingdom, Ana C González Leyba, Muhammad Qasim Rana, Anabel Milagros Salazar, Mandeep Saini, Olugbenga Oladinrin, Angela Lee
Deploying The Hybrid Project Management Methodology Framework In Major Transportation Projects In The United Kingdom, Ana C González Leyba, Muhammad Qasim Rana, Anabel Milagros Salazar, Mandeep Saini, Olugbenga Oladinrin, Angela Lee
School of Art, Design and Architecture
This paper introduces a proposed Hybrid Project Management Methodology Framework, tailored for Project Managers engaged in overseeing large-scale road transport projects in the United Kingdom. Through a mixedmethod approach comprising of a comprehensive literature review, a structured quantitative questionnaire administered to industry professionals, and a case study examining the application of Lean and Agile methodologies in a complex megaproject, this study identifies the prevailing project management methodologies in use within the UK Mega Transport Projects (MTP) domain. The surveyed professionals, primarily experienced project managers in construction, provided insights into the challenges encountered in MTP, helping to rank the most common …
How Can We Improve Comprehensive Geriatric Assessment For Older People Living With Frailty In Primary Care And Community Settings? A Qualitative Study, The Dream Study Team, Aseel Mahmoud, Victoria A. Goodwin, Naomi Morley, Julie Whitney, Sarah E. Lamb, Helen Lyndon, Siobhan Creanor, Julia Frost, Andrew Clegg, Tom Crocker, Silvia Del Din, Fiona Hamilton, Claire Hulme, Tim Sanders
How Can We Improve Comprehensive Geriatric Assessment For Older People Living With Frailty In Primary Care And Community Settings? A Qualitative Study, The Dream Study Team, Aseel Mahmoud, Victoria A. Goodwin, Naomi Morley, Julie Whitney, Sarah E. Lamb, Helen Lyndon, Siobhan Creanor, Julia Frost, Andrew Clegg, Tom Crocker, Silvia Del Din, Fiona Hamilton, Claire Hulme, Tim Sanders
School of Nursing and Midwifery
Objective With advancing age comes the increasing prevalence of frailty and increased risk of adverse outcomes (eg, hospitalisation). Evidence for comprehensive geriatric assessment (CGA), a multidimensional holistic model of care, is mixed in community settings. Uncertainties remain, such as the key components of CGA, who delivers it, and the use of technology. This study aimed to understand the perspectives, beliefs and experiences, of both older people and health professionals, to improve the current CGA and explore factors that may impact on CGA delivery in community settings. Design A qualitative interview study was conducted with older people and healthcare professionals (HCPs) …
Perceptions Of Stakeholders On The Threats And Impacts To The Seascape Of Mauritius, Sarah Heaton, John Martin, Karen Woomed
Perceptions Of Stakeholders On The Threats And Impacts To The Seascape Of Mauritius, Sarah Heaton, John Martin, Karen Woomed
Professional Services
The seascapes of Small Island Developing States are at risk from anthropogenic pollution. To implement effective seascape management, there is a need to better understand the threats to the seascape, subsequent impacts and associated stakeholder perceptions. This study used a systematic literature review, online survey and follow-up interviews to identify the main threats and impacts to the seascape and analyze associated perceptions of stakeholders, using Mauritius as a case study. The key threats were found to be oil spills, anthropogenic marine debris, coastal development, tourism, poor environmental management, and inadequate enforcement of legislation. Associated perception data showed a high awareness …
Hazardous Explosive Eruptions Of A Recharging Multi-Cyclic Island Arc Caldera, Jonas Preine, Jens Karstens, Christian Hübscher, Tim Druitt, Steffen Kutterolf, Paraskevi Nomikou, Michael Manga, Ralf Gertisser, Katharina Pank, Sarah Beethe, Carole Berthod, Gareth Crutchley, Iona Mcintosh, Thomas Ronge, Masako Tominaga, Acacia Clark, Susan Debari, Raymond Johnston, Zenon Mateo, Ally Peccia, Christopher Jones, Günther Kletetschka, Abigail Metcalfe, Alexis Bernard, Hehe Chen, Shun Chiyonobu, Tatiana Fernandez-Perez, Kumar Batuk Joshi, Olga Koukousioura, Molly Mccanta, Antony Morris, Paraskevi Polymenakou, Adam Woodhouse, Yuzuru Yamamoto, Kuo Lung Wang, Hao Yang Lee, Xiaohui Li, Dimitrios Papanikolaou
Hazardous Explosive Eruptions Of A Recharging Multi-Cyclic Island Arc Caldera, Jonas Preine, Jens Karstens, Christian Hübscher, Tim Druitt, Steffen Kutterolf, Paraskevi Nomikou, Michael Manga, Ralf Gertisser, Katharina Pank, Sarah Beethe, Carole Berthod, Gareth Crutchley, Iona Mcintosh, Thomas Ronge, Masako Tominaga, Acacia Clark, Susan Debari, Raymond Johnston, Zenon Mateo, Ally Peccia, Christopher Jones, Günther Kletetschka, Abigail Metcalfe, Alexis Bernard, Hehe Chen, Shun Chiyonobu, Tatiana Fernandez-Perez, Kumar Batuk Joshi, Olga Koukousioura, Molly Mccanta, Antony Morris, Paraskevi Polymenakou, Adam Woodhouse, Yuzuru Yamamoto, Kuo Lung Wang, Hao Yang Lee, Xiaohui Li, Dimitrios Papanikolaou
School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences
Caldera-forming eruptions of silicic volcanic systems are among the most devastating events on Earth. By contrast, post-collapse volcanic activity initiating new caldera cycles is generally considered less hazardous. Formed after Santorini’s latest caldera-forming eruption of ~1600 bce, the Kameni Volcano in the southern Aegean Sea enables the eruptive evolution of a recharging multi-cyclic caldera to be reconstructed. Kameni’s eruptive record has been documented by onshore products and historical descriptions of mainly effusive eruptions dating back to 197 bce. Here we combine high-resolution seismic reflection data with cored lithologies from International Ocean Discovery Program Expedition 398 at four sites to determine …
Recreational Use Of Protected Areas: Spatiotemporal Insights From The Wikiloc Mobile App, Jorge Costa, Alberto Gomes, Martin Stokes, Miguel Saraiva
Recreational Use Of Protected Areas: Spatiotemporal Insights From The Wikiloc Mobile App, Jorge Costa, Alberto Gomes, Martin Stokes, Miguel Saraiva
School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences
Managing the rising number of visitors to protected areas (PAs) without compromising their environmental goals is a critical challenge that requires a complete understanding of how and when visitors use these spaces. Georeferenced data from fitness-tracking apps can provide detailed information about the visitor’s spatiotemporal behaviour inside PAs, but its potential is still underexplored. This study uses georeferenced data, from Wikiloc, to analyse the visitors’ spatiotemporal behaviour in Alvão Natural Park, Portugal. Our findings show that: 52% of the visitors’ use is concentrated around the Fisgas de Ermelo Waterfall; photos’ hotspots coincide with the waterfalls and viewpoints facing them; 2% …
Future Of Maritime Autonomy: Cybersecurity, Trust And Mariner's Situational Awareness, J. D. Palbar Misas, R. Hopcraft, K. Tam, K. Jones
Future Of Maritime Autonomy: Cybersecurity, Trust And Mariner's Situational Awareness, J. D. Palbar Misas, R. Hopcraft, K. Tam, K. Jones
School of Engineering, Computing and Mathematics
As technology evolves, the level of automation in the maritime industry also grows. Given the extensive benefits they offer, the industry will continue to develop its digital capabilities in order to improve. One key example of this is the industry currently striving for fully autonomous vessels. Current crew-based maritime operations on board rely on a mixture of automated simplistic processes, human decision-making, and human interventions. The future autonomy suggests the removal of the mariner physically on board. The remote nature of these operations will subject mariners and vessels to new operational risks, such as a potential reduction in Situational Awareness …
Controlled Release Of Radioactive Water From The Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant: Should We Be Concerned?, Maria F. Ferreira, Andrew Turner, Awadhesh N. Jha
Controlled Release Of Radioactive Water From The Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant: Should We Be Concerned?, Maria F. Ferreira, Andrew Turner, Awadhesh N. Jha
School of Biological and Marine Sciences
Following the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear disaster in 2011, the decision to release more than 1 million tons of radioactive water into the ocean by the Japanese government, with approval from the IAEA, has divided public and scientific opinion. The discharge began on August 24, 2023, with the premise that, after removal of long-lived radionuclides (i.e., 137Cs and 90Sr), tritium (3H), the primary remaining radionuclide as tritiated water (HTO), will be sufficiently and safely diluted over a 30-year period. (1) Concerns, however, relate to (a) the safety of seafood and its consumers and (b) potential long-term consequences on human and environmental …
Lifestyle And Demographic Associations With 47 Inflammatory And Vascular Stress Biomarkers In 9876 Blood Donors, Bertram Kjerulff, Joseph Dowsett, Rikke Louise Jacobsen, Josephine Gladov, Margit Hørup Larsen, Agnete Troen Lundgaard, Karina Banasik, David Westergaard, Susan Mikkelsen, Khoa Manh Dinh, Lotte Hindhede, Kathrine Agergård Kaspersen, Michael Schwinn, Anders Juul, Betina Poulsen, Birgitte Lindegaard, Carsten Bøcker Pedersen, Clive Eric Sabel, Henning Bundgaard, Henriette Svarre Nielsen, Janne Amstrup Møller, Jens Kjærgaard Boldsen, Kristoffer Sølvsten Burgdorf, Lars Vedel Kessing, Linda Jenny Handgaard, Lise Wegner Thørner, Maria Didriksen, Mette Nyegaard, Niels Grarup, Niels Ødum
Lifestyle And Demographic Associations With 47 Inflammatory And Vascular Stress Biomarkers In 9876 Blood Donors, Bertram Kjerulff, Joseph Dowsett, Rikke Louise Jacobsen, Josephine Gladov, Margit Hørup Larsen, Agnete Troen Lundgaard, Karina Banasik, David Westergaard, Susan Mikkelsen, Khoa Manh Dinh, Lotte Hindhede, Kathrine Agergård Kaspersen, Michael Schwinn, Anders Juul, Betina Poulsen, Birgitte Lindegaard, Carsten Bøcker Pedersen, Clive Eric Sabel, Henning Bundgaard, Henriette Svarre Nielsen, Janne Amstrup Møller, Jens Kjærgaard Boldsen, Kristoffer Sølvsten Burgdorf, Lars Vedel Kessing, Linda Jenny Handgaard, Lise Wegner Thørner, Maria Didriksen, Mette Nyegaard, Niels Grarup, Niels Ødum
School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences
Background The emerging use of biomarkers in research and tailored care introduces a need for information about the association between biomarkers and basic demographics and lifestyle factors revealing expectable concentrations in healthy individuals while considering general demographic differences. Methods A selection of 47 biomarkers, including markers of inflammation and vascular stress, were measured in plasma samples from 9876 Danish Blood Donor Study participants. Using regression models, we examined the association between biomarkers and sex, age, Body Mass Index (BMI), and smoking. Results Here we show that concentrations of inflammation and vascular stress biomarkers generally increase with higher age, BMI, and …
Beached Plastic And Other Anthropogenic Debris In The Inner Seychelles Islands: Results Of A Citizen Science Approach, Alvania Lawen, Jessica Lawen, Andrew Turner
Beached Plastic And Other Anthropogenic Debris In The Inner Seychelles Islands: Results Of A Citizen Science Approach, Alvania Lawen, Jessica Lawen, Andrew Turner
School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences
Masses of plastic and other anthropogenic debris on beaches of inner Seychelles and derived from 53 organised clean-ups have been analysed. Debris and plastic densities ranged from 0.0011 to 0.1622 kg m−2 and 0.0004 to 0.1179 kg m−2, respectively, and data from successive cleans of the same beach resulted in respective median accumulation rates of 0.0293 and 0.0137 g m−2 d−1. There was no dependence of density or accumulation on beach location/aspect or season, but there were significant inverse relationships with beach area. This effect was attributed to most debris and plastic being trapped …
Deep Dive Into The Chronic Toxicity Of Tyre Particle Mixtures And Their Leachates, Paul Boisseaux, Cassandra Rauert, Pradeep Dewapriya, Marie Laure Delignette-Muller, Robyn Barrett, Lee Durndell, Florian Pohl, Richard Thompson, Kevin V. Thomas, Tamara Galloway
Deep Dive Into The Chronic Toxicity Of Tyre Particle Mixtures And Their Leachates, Paul Boisseaux, Cassandra Rauert, Pradeep Dewapriya, Marie Laure Delignette-Muller, Robyn Barrett, Lee Durndell, Florian Pohl, Richard Thompson, Kevin V. Thomas, Tamara Galloway
School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences
Particles from the tread of vehicle tyres are a global pollutant, which are emitted into the environment at an approximate rate of 1.4 kg.year−1 for an average passenger-car. In this study, popular tyre brands were used to generate a tyre tread microparticle mixture. The chronic toxicity of both particles and chemical leachates were compared on a planktonic test species (Daphnia magna). Over 21 days of exposure, pristine tyre tread microparticles were more toxic (LC50 60 mg.L−1) than chemical lechates alone (LC50 542 mg.L−1). Microparticles and leachates showed distinct effects on reproduction and morphological development at …
Coastal Shoreline Change Assessments At Global Scales, Jonathan A. Warrick, Daniel Buscombe, Kilian Vos, Karin R. Bryan, Bruno Castelle, J. Andrew G. Cooper, Mitch D. Harley, Derek W.T. Jackson, Bonnie C. Ludka, Gerd Masselink, Margaret L. Palmsten, Amaia Ruiz De Alegria-Arzaburu, Nadia Sénéchal, Christopher R. Sherwood, Andrew D. Short, Erdinc Sogut, Kristen D. Splinter, Wayne J. Stephenson, Jaia Syvitski, Adam P. Young
Coastal Shoreline Change Assessments At Global Scales, Jonathan A. Warrick, Daniel Buscombe, Kilian Vos, Karin R. Bryan, Bruno Castelle, J. Andrew G. Cooper, Mitch D. Harley, Derek W.T. Jackson, Bonnie C. Ludka, Gerd Masselink, Margaret L. Palmsten, Amaia Ruiz De Alegria-Arzaburu, Nadia Sénéchal, Christopher R. Sherwood, Andrew D. Short, Erdinc Sogut, Kristen D. Splinter, Wayne J. Stephenson, Jaia Syvitski, Adam P. Young
School of Biological and Marine Sciences
Arising from R. Almar et al. Nature Communications https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-023-38742-9 (2023)
Assessing Immediate Emotions In The Theory Of Planned Behavior Can Substantially Contribute To Increases In Pro-Environmental Behavior, Vanessa C. Ho, Anne H. Berman, Jackie Andrade, David J. Kavanagh, Stéphane La Branche, Jon May, Conner S. Philson, Daniel T. Blumstein
Assessing Immediate Emotions In The Theory Of Planned Behavior Can Substantially Contribute To Increases In Pro-Environmental Behavior, Vanessa C. Ho, Anne H. Berman, Jackie Andrade, David J. Kavanagh, Stéphane La Branche, Jon May, Conner S. Philson, Daniel T. Blumstein
School of Psychology
The Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) is a highly influential and powerful behavior change model that offers promising guidance on promoting urgently needed, pro-environmental action. Recent pro-environmental research has successfully augmented TPB using anticipated emotions—the emotions an individual consciously predicts they will experience in relation to possible outcomes of their decision. However, immediate emotions—the emotions an individual actually experiences during decision-making—have received far less attention. Given that immediate emotions are relevant to pro-environmental decision-making and can address the theoretical and empirical limitations of TPB, we contend that pro-environmental studies should explicitly examine immediate emotions within the TPB framework. This article …
Leveraging Spatial Metadata In Machine Learning For Improved Objective Quantification Of Geological Drill Core, Lewis J.C. Grant, Miquel Massot-Campos, Rosalind M. Coggon, Blair Thornton, Francesca C. Rotondo, Michelle Harris, Aled D. Evans, Damon A.H. Teagle
Leveraging Spatial Metadata In Machine Learning For Improved Objective Quantification Of Geological Drill Core, Lewis J.C. Grant, Miquel Massot-Campos, Rosalind M. Coggon, Blair Thornton, Francesca C. Rotondo, Michelle Harris, Aled D. Evans, Damon A.H. Teagle
School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences
Here we present a method for using the spatial x–y coordinate of an image cropped from the cylindrical surface of digital 3D drill core images and demonstrate how this spatial metadata can be used to improve unsupervised machine learning performance. This approach is applicable to any data set with known spatial context, however, here it is used to classify 400 m of drillcore imagery into 12 distinct classes reflecting the dominant rock types and alteration features in the core. We modified two unsupervised learning models to incorporate spatial metadata and an average improvement of 25% was achieved over equivalent models …
When Time Is Not Of The Essence: Slowness And Certainty Beyond The 15 Minute City, Robert Brown, Leah Dinning, Rachel Manning, Emily Childs, Cansu Basitici
When Time Is Not Of The Essence: Slowness And Certainty Beyond The 15 Minute City, Robert Brown, Leah Dinning, Rachel Manning, Emily Childs, Cansu Basitici
School of Art, Design and Architecture
What if our cities’ structures (i.e., its streetscape and movement spaces) were not defined temporally(i.e., by proximity and time of travel), but rather by connectivity to place and others within place? This question is of increasing significance in the context of urban discourse, with increasing calls for a 15-minute city and related paradigms structured around a 10-minute walking / 15-minute biking radius, prioritizing human-paced travel supportive of environmental concerns and inhabitants’ wellbeing. Such human-scaled paradigms are positioned in marked opposition to the car as the measuring device of urban structure. Prompted by questions on a proposed3 health centre in the …
Atmospheric Radioisotopes In Cryoconite From The Flade Isblink Ice Cap, Ne Greenland, Dylan Beard, Giovanni Baccolo, Caroline Clason, Geoffrey Millward, Edyta Łokas, Sally Rangecroft, Dariusz Sala, Przemyslaw Wachniew, William Blake
Atmospheric Radioisotopes In Cryoconite From The Flade Isblink Ice Cap, Ne Greenland, Dylan Beard, Giovanni Baccolo, Caroline Clason, Geoffrey Millward, Edyta Łokas, Sally Rangecroft, Dariusz Sala, Przemyslaw Wachniew, William Blake
School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences
Under climatic warming and increased melting, glaciers and ice caps are becoming secondary sources of contaminants deposited decades ago. Cryoconite, an organic-rich material found on the surface of many glaciers, is particularly efficient at accumulating airborne contaminants due to biogeochemical exchanges with the organic matter within cryoconite. Atmospherically derived radioactive isotopes, commonly referred to as fallout radionuclides, have now been found to accumulate in cryoconite globally. However, data from the polar regions, especially ice sheets and ice caps, is scarce. This study helps to address this regional gap in understanding fallout radionuclide accumulation in glacial settings. We present the first …
Worldwide Accumulation Of Atmospheric Mercury In Glacier Cryoconite, Agnieszka Pasieka, Kamil Brudecki, Przemysław Niedzielski, Alexandra Proch, Nozomu Takeuchi, Roberto Ambrosini, Philip N. Owens, K Zawierucha, Giovanni Baccolo, Caroline Clason, Dylan Beard, Jacob Clement Yde, Edyta Łokas
Worldwide Accumulation Of Atmospheric Mercury In Glacier Cryoconite, Agnieszka Pasieka, Kamil Brudecki, Przemysław Niedzielski, Alexandra Proch, Nozomu Takeuchi, Roberto Ambrosini, Philip N. Owens, K Zawierucha, Giovanni Baccolo, Caroline Clason, Dylan Beard, Jacob Clement Yde, Edyta Łokas
School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences
Mercury (Hg) is a chemical element recognized as one of the most toxic among all naturally occurring elements, with health risks depending on its form, concentration, route and time of exposure. Mercury appears in the environment as a result of human activities, which include burning coal or lignite, improper waste disposal, oil refining, use of mercury-containing pesticides and fertilizers, and industrial development such as mining, chemical, pharmaceutical and paper industries. The element also appears in the environment as a consequence of natural phenomena, among which are volcanic emissions, rock erosion, biomass burning and geothermal processes, but also as a result …
Observing Change In Pelagic Animals As Sampling Methods Shift: The Case Of Antarctic Krill, Simeon L. Hill, Angus Atkinson, Javier A. Arata, Anna Belcher, Susan Bengtson Nash, Kim S. Bernard, Alison Cleary, John A. Conroy, Ryan Driscoll, Sophie Fielding, Hauke Flores, Jaume Forcada, Svenja Halfter, Jefferson T. Hinke, Luis Hückstädt, Nadine M. Johnston, Mary Kane, So Kawaguchi, Bjørn A. Krafft, Lucas Krüger, Hyoung Sul La, Cecilia M. Liszka, Bettina Meyer, Eugene J. Murphy, Evgeny A. Pakhomov, Frances Perry, Andrea Piñones, Michael J. Polito, Keith Reid, Christian Reiss
Observing Change In Pelagic Animals As Sampling Methods Shift: The Case Of Antarctic Krill, Simeon L. Hill, Angus Atkinson, Javier A. Arata, Anna Belcher, Susan Bengtson Nash, Kim S. Bernard, Alison Cleary, John A. Conroy, Ryan Driscoll, Sophie Fielding, Hauke Flores, Jaume Forcada, Svenja Halfter, Jefferson T. Hinke, Luis Hückstädt, Nadine M. Johnston, Mary Kane, So Kawaguchi, Bjørn A. Krafft, Lucas Krüger, Hyoung Sul La, Cecilia M. Liszka, Bettina Meyer, Eugene J. Murphy, Evgeny A. Pakhomov, Frances Perry, Andrea Piñones, Michael J. Polito, Keith Reid, Christian Reiss
School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences
Understanding and managing the response of marine ecosystems to human pressures including climate change requires reliable large-scale and multi-decadal information on the state of key populations. These populations include the pelagic animals that support ecosystem services including carbon export and fisheries. The use of research vessels to collect information using scientific nets and acoustics is being replaced with technologies such as autonomous moorings, gliders, and meta-genetics. Paradoxically, these newer methods sample pelagic populations at ever-smaller spatial scales, and ecological change might go undetected in the time needed to build up large-scale, long time series. These global-scale issues are epitomised by …
Young Dictators—Speaking About Oneself Decreases Generosity In Children From Two Cultural Contexts, Sandra Weltzien, Lauren Marsh, Patricia Kanngiesser, Bruce Hood
Young Dictators—Speaking About Oneself Decreases Generosity In Children From Two Cultural Contexts, Sandra Weltzien, Lauren Marsh, Patricia Kanngiesser, Bruce Hood
School of Psychology
Sharing of resources is a common feature of human societies. Yet, there is substantial societal variation in children’s generosity, and this variation emerges during middle childhood. Societal differences in self-construal orientation may be one factor influencing the ontogeny of generosity. Here, we examine anonymous Dictator Game sharing in 7-and-8-year-olds from two distinct societies: India and the UK (N = 180). We used self-construal manipulations to investigate whether priming self- or other-focused conversations would differentially influence children’s generosity. There were no differences in generosity between populations. While a significant reduction in generosity was found following self-priming in both societies, other-priming was …
The Many Scales Of Pelagic Habitats, Abigail Mcquatters-Gollop, Rowena Stern, Angus Atkinson, Michael Best, Eileen Bresnan, Veronique Creach, Michelle Devlin, Matt Holland, Clare Ostle, Katrin Schmidt, Lawrence Sheppard, Glen Tarran, E. Malcolm S. Woodward, Paul Tett
The Many Scales Of Pelagic Habitats, Abigail Mcquatters-Gollop, Rowena Stern, Angus Atkinson, Michael Best, Eileen Bresnan, Veronique Creach, Michelle Devlin, Matt Holland, Clare Ostle, Katrin Schmidt, Lawrence Sheppard, Glen Tarran, E. Malcolm S. Woodward, Paul Tett
School of Biological and Marine Sciences
"This fact sheet is intended to help explain the extreme variation in both abundance and body size exhibited by marine plankton and why those characteristics make them challenging to understand.Plankton in pelagic (open ocean) habitats vary greatly in abundance and body size, presenting significant challenges for assessing the state of pelagic habitats.There are also vast differences in the spatial and temporal scale of events and pressures impacting pelagic habitats, adding complexity and making pelagic habitats challenging to understand.This project was funded by the Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (Defra) as part of the marine arm of the Natural …
Exchangeable Versus Residual Metals In Naturally Aged Plastic Litter, Sajjad Abbasi, Andrew Turner, Katarzyna Jędruchniewicz, Krzysztof Różyło, Patryk Oleszczuk
Exchangeable Versus Residual Metals In Naturally Aged Plastic Litter, Sajjad Abbasi, Andrew Turner, Katarzyna Jędruchniewicz, Krzysztof Różyło, Patryk Oleszczuk
School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences
Metals may be associated with plastics as additives arising from manufacture or through acquisition from the environment, but these associations are often poorly defined or referred to synonymously when considering metal availability. In this study, samples of plastic litter (n = 22) have been collected from various environmental and industrial compartments of Lublin Province, Poland, and fractionated according to polymer type (polyethylene, polyethylene terephthalate, nylon, expanded polystyrene, polypropylene, and “mixed”) before being micronised to < 2 mm. Composites (n = 89) were subjected to two phases of a standardised and widely employed sequential extraction protocol (Bureau Communautaire de Reference; BCR) in order to define available (acid-soluble and exchangeable) and residual (soluble in boiling aqua regia) concentrations of Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb, and Zn. For a given metal, total content, calculated by summing available and residual components, was highly variable, both between locations and amongst polymer categories, reflecting the heterogeneous distribution of a multitude of different additives. Overall, however, concentrations were greatest for Fe, with medians of several hundred to several thousand mg kg−1 amongst the different polymers, and lowest for Cd, Co, and Ni, where nearly all concentrations were below 10 mg kg−1. Median percentage metal …
Basin Scale Sources Of Siltation In A Contaminated Hydropower Reservoir, Claudio Bravo-Linares, Luis Ovando-Fuentealba, Enrique Muñoz-Arcos, Jessica L. Kitch, Geoffrey E. Millward, Ricardo López-Gajardo, Marcela Cañoles-Zambrano, Alfredo Del Valle, Claire Kelly, William H. Blake
Basin Scale Sources Of Siltation In A Contaminated Hydropower Reservoir, Claudio Bravo-Linares, Luis Ovando-Fuentealba, Enrique Muñoz-Arcos, Jessica L. Kitch, Geoffrey E. Millward, Ricardo López-Gajardo, Marcela Cañoles-Zambrano, Alfredo Del Valle, Claire Kelly, William H. Blake
School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences
Siltation and the loss of hydropower reservoir capacity is a global challenge with a predicted 26 % loss of storage at the global scale by 2050. Like in many other Latin American contexts, soil erosion constitutes one of the most significant water pollution problems in Chile with serious siltation consequences downstream. Identifying the sources and drivers affecting hydropower siltation and water pollution is a critical need to inform adaptation and mitigation strategies especially in the context of changing climate regimes e.g. rainfall patterns. We investigated, at basin scale, the main sources of sediments delivered to one of the largest hydropower …
Meta-Study Of Carbonate Sediment Delivery Rates To Indo-Pacific Coral Reef Islands, Baptiste Ainési, Gerd Masselink, Paul Kench
Meta-Study Of Carbonate Sediment Delivery Rates To Indo-Pacific Coral Reef Islands, Baptiste Ainési, Gerd Masselink, Paul Kench
School of Biological and Marine Sciences
Coral reef islands are amongst the most vulnerable environments to sea-level rise (SLR). Recent physical and numerical modeling studies have demonstrated that overwash processes may enable reef islands to keep up with SLR through island accretion. Sediment supply to these islands from the surrounding reef system is critical in understanding their morphodynamic adjustments, but is poorly constrained due to insufficient knowledge about sediment delivery rates. This paper provides the first estimation of sediment delivery rates to coral reef islands. Analysis of topographic and geochronological data from 28 coral reef islands indicates an average rate of sediment delivery of c. 0.1 …
Impact Of Remoteness And Rurality On The Treatment And Survival Of Patients With Glioblastoma In The North Of Scotland, Damjan Veljanoski, Raphae Barlas, Aimun A.B. Jamjoom, James Walkden, Graham Horgan, Rafael Moleron, Phyo Kyaw Myint, Anastasios Giamouriadis
Impact Of Remoteness And Rurality On The Treatment And Survival Of Patients With Glioblastoma In The North Of Scotland, Damjan Veljanoski, Raphae Barlas, Aimun A.B. Jamjoom, James Walkden, Graham Horgan, Rafael Moleron, Phyo Kyaw Myint, Anastasios Giamouriadis
Peninsula Medical School
Background: The geographical catchment area served by the Neurosurgical Unit in Aberdeen, Scotland is the largest in the United Kingdom. We examined whether a distance-decay effect on survival exists for patients diagnosed with glioblastoma, who have to travel substantial distances for neurosurgical and oncological treatment in the north of Scotland. Methods: Electronic medical records of adult patients with glioblastoma, referred for treatment between 2007 and 2018, who underwent surgical resection were reviewed. Travel time by car (as a measure of distance travelled) was calculated from the patients’ home to their general practice (GP) and to their main neuro-oncological centre. Results: …
Predicting Lemna Growth Based On Climate Change And Eutrophication In Temperate Freshwater Drainage Ditches, Jared Feller, Mark Taylor, Paul Henry Lunt
Predicting Lemna Growth Based On Climate Change And Eutrophication In Temperate Freshwater Drainage Ditches, Jared Feller, Mark Taylor, Paul Henry Lunt
School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences
The Somerset Levels and Moors, UK is an area of high conservation value, including nationally and internationally protected wetland sites. Duckweed (Lemna) mats in the Somerset Levels and Moors are increasingly common and are an indication of hyper-eutrophication. Duckweed mats can contribute to increased management burdens and decreases in biodiversity. Research suggests duckweed will thrive in temperate regions as the climate warms. This study investigated the impact of climate warming and eutrophication on duckweed growth in the Somerset Levels and Moors using a previously published model to simulate duckweed growth from the years of 2020–2080. Simulated local climate change projections …
Contamination Of Thames Estuary Sediments By Retroreflective Glass Microbeads, Road Marking Paint Fragments And Anthropogenic Microfibres, Zaria West-Clarke, Andrew Turner
Contamination Of Thames Estuary Sediments By Retroreflective Glass Microbeads, Road Marking Paint Fragments And Anthropogenic Microfibres, Zaria West-Clarke, Andrew Turner
School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences
Surface and subsurface sediment samples (n = 16) from the highly urbanised inner Thames Estuary (UK) have been physically and chemically characterised and analysed for anthropogenic microdebris. Sediments were gravelly sands throughout and were heavily contaminated by lead (Pb, up to 12,500 mg kg−1) and zinc (Zn, up to 9500 mg kg−1). Microfibres of mm-dimensions and retroreflective glass microbeads (median diameter = 188 μm) used in road markings were the most abundant types of microdebris present, and concentrations (as numbers, N) on a dry weight basis were spatially heterogeneous (ranging from about 4000 to 60,000 N kg−1 and 100 to …