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Articles 121 - 150 of 184
Full-Text Articles in Entire DC Network
Predaceous Water Beetles (Coleoptera, Hydradephaga) Of The Lake St Lucia System, South Africa: Biodiversity, Community Ecology And Conservation Implications, Renzo Perissinotto, Matthew S. Bird, David T. Bilton
Predaceous Water Beetles (Coleoptera, Hydradephaga) Of The Lake St Lucia System, South Africa: Biodiversity, Community Ecology And Conservation Implications, Renzo Perissinotto, Matthew S. Bird, David T. Bilton
School of Biological and Marine Sciences
No abstract provided.
Investigating The Role Of Larval Dispersal Models In The Development Of An 'Ecologically Coherent' Network Of Deep Sea Marine Protected Areas, Rebecca E. Ross
Investigating The Role Of Larval Dispersal Models In The Development Of An 'Ecologically Coherent' Network Of Deep Sea Marine Protected Areas, Rebecca E. Ross
School of Biological and Marine Sciences Theses
There is currently worldwide pressure to establish Marine Protected Area (MPA) networks which are self-sustaining and will persistently protect habitats and species. In order for MPA networks to be effective, the species targeted for conservation must be able to disperse between protected areas and maintain a gene-flow necessary for population sustainability and persistence. This warrants new research on how to quantify and map faunal dispersal to ensure that protection will be effective and sustainable. Population genetic methods have merit, with the ability to track parentage and gene flow between areas directly. However the costs, quantity of samples, and time required …
Exploring The Relationship Between Childhood Obesity And Proximity To The Coast: A Rural/Urban Perspective, Sophie L. Wood, Philippe R. Demougin, Sahran Higgins, Kerryn Husk, Benedict W. Wheeler, Mathew White
Exploring The Relationship Between Childhood Obesity And Proximity To The Coast: A Rural/Urban Perspective, Sophie L. Wood, Philippe R. Demougin, Sahran Higgins, Kerryn Husk, Benedict W. Wheeler, Mathew White
Peninsula Medical School
Abstract Childhood obesity is one of the 21st century's most serious global health challenges. Research suggests that better access to ‘greenspace’ (e.g. parks) may encourage physical activity and reduce the risk of obesity amongst children. We extend earlier work by considering childhood obesity in relation to proximity to the coast, using data from England's National Child Measurement Programme. Results suggest that although the overall prevalence of childhood obesity is slightly lower at the coast (−0.68% points comparing <1 km to >20 km, p<0.001), the relationship depends on area type. Specifically, although a coastal proximity gradient (lower obesity rates nearer the coast) was found for rural areas and smaller cities and towns, it was not present among large urban conurbations (interaction p-value<0.001). Coastal environments and access to them are changing in many areas, and research to explore potential impacts on child health is warranted.
Inequity In Cardiovascular Care In The English National Health Service (Nhs): A Scoping Review Of The Literature, Sheena Asthana, Graham Moon, Alex Gibson, Trevor Bailey, Paul Hewson, Chris Dibben
Inequity In Cardiovascular Care In The English National Health Service (Nhs): A Scoping Review Of The Literature, Sheena Asthana, Graham Moon, Alex Gibson, Trevor Bailey, Paul Hewson, Chris Dibben
Peninsula Medical School
No abstract provided.
Measuring Environmental Sustainability In Agriculture: A Composite Environmental Impact Index Approach, Ne Sabiha, R Salim, S Rahman, Mf Rola-Rubzen
Measuring Environmental Sustainability In Agriculture: A Composite Environmental Impact Index Approach, Ne Sabiha, R Salim, S Rahman, Mf Rola-Rubzen
School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences
The present study develops a composite environmental impact index (CEII) to evaluate the extent of environmental degradation in agriculture after successfully validating its flexibility, applicability and relevance as a tool. The CEII tool is then applied to empirically measure the extent of environmental impacts of High Yield Variety (HYV) rice cultivation in three districts of north-western Bangladesh for a single crop year (October, 2012-September, 2013). Results reveal that 27 to 69 per cent of the theoretical maximum level of environmental damage is created due to HYV rice cultivation with significant regional variations in the CEII scores, implying that policy interventions …
Testing The Resilience Of Dead Maerl Infaunal Assemblages To The Experimental Removal And Re-Lay Of Habitat, Emma V. Sheehan, Danielle Bridger, Sophie L. Cousens, Martin J. Attrill
Testing The Resilience Of Dead Maerl Infaunal Assemblages To The Experimental Removal And Re-Lay Of Habitat, Emma V. Sheehan, Danielle Bridger, Sophie L. Cousens, Martin J. Attrill
School of Biological and Marine Sciences
No abstract provided.
Macroalgal Responses To Ocean Acidification Depend On Nutrient And Light Levels, Psm Celis-Plã¡, Jason M. Hall-Spencer, Paulo Antunes Horta, Marco Milazzo, Nathalie Korbee, Christopher E. Cornwall, Félix L. Figueroa
Macroalgal Responses To Ocean Acidification Depend On Nutrient And Light Levels, Psm Celis-Plã¡, Jason M. Hall-Spencer, Paulo Antunes Horta, Marco Milazzo, Nathalie Korbee, Christopher E. Cornwall, Félix L. Figueroa
School of Biological and Marine Sciences
No abstract provided.
Ecological Understanding Through Transdisciplinary Art And Participatory Biology, Brandon Ballengée
Ecological Understanding Through Transdisciplinary Art And Participatory Biology, Brandon Ballengée
Other Faculty of Arts, Humanities and Business Theses
In this study evidence is presented that suggests transdisciplinary art practices and participatory biology programs may successfully increase public understanding of ecological phenomenon. As today’s environmental issues are often complex and large-scale, finding effective strategies that encourage public awareness and stewardship are paramount for long-term conservation of species and ecosystems. Although artists and biologists tend to stay confined to their professional boundaries, and their discourses largely remain inaccessible to larger audiences, arguments here are presented for a combined approach, which may disseminate knowledge about ecology to non-specialists through novel art-science participatory research and exhibitions. Moreover, historically several scientists utilized varied …
Photophysiological And Biochemical Effects Of Co2 And Temperature Levels On Cystoseira Tamariscifolia, Collected On Southern Spain, Psm Celis-Pla, B Martinez, Jm Hall-Spencer, N Korbee, Fl Figueroa
Photophysiological And Biochemical Effects Of Co2 And Temperature Levels On Cystoseira Tamariscifolia, Collected On Southern Spain, Psm Celis-Pla, B Martinez, Jm Hall-Spencer, N Korbee, Fl Figueroa
School of Biological and Marine Sciences
No abstract provided.
Local Modelling Techniques For Assessing Micro-Level Impacts Of Risk Factors In Complex Data: Understanding Health And Socioeconomic Inequalities In Childhood Educational Attainments, Shang Ming Zhou, Ronan A. Lyons, Owen G. Bodger, Ann John, Huw Brunt, Kerina Jones, Mike B. Gravenor, Sinead Brophy
Local Modelling Techniques For Assessing Micro-Level Impacts Of Risk Factors In Complex Data: Understanding Health And Socioeconomic Inequalities In Childhood Educational Attainments, Shang Ming Zhou, Ronan A. Lyons, Owen G. Bodger, Ann John, Huw Brunt, Kerina Jones, Mike B. Gravenor, Sinead Brophy
School of Nursing and Midwifery
No abstract provided.
From Medicine To Butterflies And Back Again, C Parmesan
From Medicine To Butterflies And Back Again, C Parmesan
School of Biological and Marine Sciences
My research focuses on the current impacts of climate change on wildlife, from field-based work on butterflies to synthetic analyses of global impacts on a broad range of species across terrestrial and marine biomes. I work actively with governmental agencies and NGOs to help develop conservation assessment and planning tools aimed at preserving biodiversity in the face of climate change.
Identifying The Provenance Of Leach's Storm Petrels In The North Atlantic Using Polychlorinated Biphenyl Signatures Derived From Comprehensive Two-Dimensional Gas Chromatography With Time-Of-Flight Mass Spectrometry., David Megson, Thomas A. Brown, Glenn W. Johnson, Gwen O'Sullivan, Anthony W.J. Bicknell, Stephen C. Votier, Maeve C. Lohan, Sean Comber, Robert Kalin, Paul J. Worsfold
Identifying The Provenance Of Leach's Storm Petrels In The North Atlantic Using Polychlorinated Biphenyl Signatures Derived From Comprehensive Two-Dimensional Gas Chromatography With Time-Of-Flight Mass Spectrometry., David Megson, Thomas A. Brown, Glenn W. Johnson, Gwen O'Sullivan, Anthony W.J. Bicknell, Stephen C. Votier, Maeve C. Lohan, Sean Comber, Robert Kalin, Paul J. Worsfold
School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences
PCB signatures can be used for source identification, exposure studies, age dating and bio-monitoring. This study uses comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography with time-of-flight mass spectrometry (GCxGC-ToFMS) to produce a PCB signature comprised of over 80 PCBs for individual Leach's storm petrels (Oceanodroma leucorhoa). The Leach's storm petrel is a relatively small, elusive, understudied pelagic bird, which only returns to remote islands under darkness during the breeding season. Samples were obtained from 25 Leach's storm petrels found dead in Canada and the UK following storm events in 2006 and 2009. Tissue samples were extracted and analysed by GCxGC-ToFMS and results showed …
Intercolony Movement Of Pre-Breeding Seabirds Over Oceanic Scales: Implications Of Cryptic Age-Classes For Conservation And Metapopulation Dynamics, Anthony W.J. Bicknell, Mairi E. Knight, David T. Bilton, Maria Campbell, James B. Reid, Jason Newton, Stephen C. Votier
Intercolony Movement Of Pre-Breeding Seabirds Over Oceanic Scales: Implications Of Cryptic Age-Classes For Conservation And Metapopulation Dynamics, Anthony W.J. Bicknell, Mairi E. Knight, David T. Bilton, Maria Campbell, James B. Reid, Jason Newton, Stephen C. Votier
School of Biological and Marine Sciences
No abstract provided.
Looking Forward Through The Past. Identification Of Fifty Priority Research Questions In Palaeoecology., A Seddon, A Mackay, A Baker, Et Al
Looking Forward Through The Past. Identification Of Fifty Priority Research Questions In Palaeoecology., A Seddon, A Mackay, A Baker, Et Al
School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences
Priority question exercises are becoming an increasingly common tool to frame future agendas in conservation and ecological science. They are an effective way to identify research foci that advance the field and that also have high policy and conservation relevance. To date, there has been no coherent synthesis of key questions and priority research areas for palaeoecology, which combines biological, geochemical and molecular techniques in order to reconstruct past ecological and environmental systems on time-scales from decades to millions of years. We adapted a well-established methodology to identify 50 priority research questions in palaeoecology. Using a set of criteria designed …
The Effectiveness Of Management Options In Reducing Human Disturbance To Wetland And Coastal Birds, Christopher Batey
The Effectiveness Of Management Options In Reducing Human Disturbance To Wetland And Coastal Birds, Christopher Batey
The Plymouth Student Scientist
Human disturbance to wildlife is a serious conservation issue for many groups of species. Birds inhabiting wetland and coastal environments may be of particular concern as they are exposed to disturbance both on land and on water, and due to growing pressure from tourism and leisure activities human disturbance in these environments may increase in the future. There are a wide variety of available management options referred to in the literature which aim to reduce or mitigate the negative impacts of disturbance to wetland and coastal birds. This review assesses the evidence for the effectiveness of these different management measures …
A Study Into The Impacts Of Water Table And Nitrogen Pulse On Cellulose Decomposition Rates And Carbon Release In Active Peatland, Matthew Culf
The Plymouth Student Scientist
Since the 1980s overstocking of sheep has become an increasing problem on UK uplands. This study examined the effect of livestock urination, and also water table depth, on active peatland on cellulose decomposition and fluvial carbon release. Urination was simulated using synthetic sheep urine (SSU) and applied to quadrats of active peatland at Redlake Mire on South Dartmoor and compared to quadrats without SSU treatment. Cellulose decomposition was measured using the cotton strip assay (CSA) method as a measure of microbial activity by examining a loss in tensile strength of cotton strips buried for 45 days from September 20th to …
Investigating The Relationship Between Non-Vascular Epiphytes And Age Structures Within Phorophytes On Quercus Robur And Pinus Sylvestris, At Dundreggan, Scotland, Jessica Jaffa
The Plymouth Student Scientist
The focus of this research project was to analyse the effects of different age structures within the host phorophyte on non-vascular epiphytes in a fragmented, semi-natural forest stand in Dundreggan. Two tree species were investigated Pinus sylvestris, Scots pine and Quercus robur, oak, analysing the effect a specific tree has on epiphyte abundance and diversity. Such research is important to understand the relationship epiphytes have with different tree species, focusing on patterns of epiphytic distribution at different spatial scales, which can be later implemented into management techniques. Epiphytic functional groups were stratified vertically within the tree in three height zones, …
Sowfia Project - Work Package 4 Interim Report, T Simas, D Magagna, I Bailey, D Conley, D Greaves, J O’Callaghan, D Marina, J-B Saulnier, J Sundberg, C Embling
Sowfia Project - Work Package 4 Interim Report, T Simas, D Magagna, I Bailey, D Conley, D Greaves, J O’Callaghan, D Marina, J-B Saulnier, J Sundberg, C Embling
School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences
No abstract provided.
Placing Livestock In Landscape Studies: Pastures New Or Out To Graze?, Jessica Sellick, Richard Yarwood
Placing Livestock In Landscape Studies: Pastures New Or Out To Graze?, Jessica Sellick, Richard Yarwood
School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences
No abstract provided.
Marine Renewable Energies: Perspectives And Implications For Marine Ecosystems, Arianna Azzellino, Daniel Conley, Diego Vicinanza, Jens Peter Kofoed
Marine Renewable Energies: Perspectives And Implications For Marine Ecosystems, Arianna Azzellino, Daniel Conley, Diego Vicinanza, Jens Peter Kofoed
School of Biological and Marine Sciences
No abstract provided.
The Conservation Biology And Ecology Of The African Leopard Panthera Pardus Pardus, Ross Tyzack Pitman
The Conservation Biology And Ecology Of The African Leopard Panthera Pardus Pardus, Ross Tyzack Pitman
The Plymouth Student Scientist
The African leopard Panthera pardus pardus is an apex predator, and a reliable indicator of a healthy ecosystem. Currently assessed as ‗near threatened‘ by the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species, leopards are exposed to a range of threats that include: habitat loss and/or degradation, depletion of natural prey, conflict with people, consumptive- and non-consumptive practices, and the illegal trade of leopard products. Leopards have disappeared from 37% of their historical range, and are continuing to decline. Leopards have been extirpated across many areas of Africa, especially where people are densely populated, which has left patchily distributed leopard populations throughout …
Epiphytes: A Study Of The History Of Forest Canopy Research, Sven Batke
Epiphytes: A Study Of The History Of Forest Canopy Research, Sven Batke
The Plymouth Student Scientist
The development of new and more versatile access techniques is a major contributor to the continuously growing field of canopy research. Methods such as cranes, canopy walkways, hot-air balloons, ladders and rope access techniques enabled scientist for the first time to conduct proximate studies of canopy organisms. One of the most studied groups of canopy dwellers are epiphytes. With their versatile adaptations to a life above ground level and their vast abundance, epiphytes contribute profoundly to the forest diversity and ecosystem processes. Most epiphytes have species-specific habitat preference within individual phorophytes. However these preferences are limited by biotic and abiotic …
Landscape-Scale Population Dynamics: Field Observations And Modelling Of Puya Hamata, A Flagship Plant From The Andes, Paola M. García-Meneses
Landscape-Scale Population Dynamics: Field Observations And Modelling Of Puya Hamata, A Flagship Plant From The Andes, Paola M. García-Meneses
Other Faculty of Science and Engineering Theses
Important ecological processes happen over long periods of time and at the landscape scale. Effective conservation of biodiversity and management of natural resources and ecosystem services requires an understanding of these processes. Unfortunately, it is often impractical to conduct appropriate long-term, landscape-scale studies. Modelling offers an alternative approach. Complete ecosystems are too complex to model practically, but simulations of simplified systems provide useful insights of practical value. LandBaSE-P is an individual-based model for Puya hamata that provides information about impacts of fire on ecological processes in the páramo of the Reserva Ecológica El Ángel, Ecuador. Puya hamata is a flagship …
Environmental Controls And Distributions Of Surface Foraminifera From The Otter Estuary Salt Marsh, Uk: Their Potential Use As Sea Level Indicators, Stephen Allen
The Plymouth Student Scientist
Fifty-six surface samples were collected from the Otter estuary salt marsh, Devon, UK. Previous work from temperate salt marshes have shown the vertical distribution of foraminifera is primarily controlled by the duration of tidal flooding, whilst working on the general assumption that the elevation of the intertidal zone controls the variations of any environmental parameters affecting foraminifera distributions. Cluster analysis identifies three foraminifera assemblage zones, and a clear vertical distribution of species within the high and low marsh zones is present. However Canonical Correspondence Analysis (CCA) identifies that within the middle marsh elevation has less of a control over the …
Population Structure Of The Christmas Island Blue Crab, Discoplax Hirtipes (Decapoda: Brachyura: Gecarcinidae) On Christmas Island, Indian Ocean., Lm Turner, Jp Hallas, S Morris
Population Structure Of The Christmas Island Blue Crab, Discoplax Hirtipes (Decapoda: Brachyura: Gecarcinidae) On Christmas Island, Indian Ocean., Lm Turner, Jp Hallas, S Morris
School of Biological and Marine Sciences
No abstract provided.
Capture Technique And Fish Personality: Angling Targets Timid Bluegill Sunfish,Lepomis Macrochirus, Alexander D.M. Wilson, Thomas R. Binder, Keegan P. Mcgrath, Steven J. Cooke, Jean Guy J. Godin
Capture Technique And Fish Personality: Angling Targets Timid Bluegill Sunfish,Lepomis Macrochirus, Alexander D.M. Wilson, Thomas R. Binder, Keegan P. Mcgrath, Steven J. Cooke, Jean Guy J. Godin
School of Biological and Marine Sciences
Size-selective harvesting associated with commercial and recreational fishing practices has been shown to alter life history traits through a phenomenon known as fishing-induced evolution. This phenomenon may be a result of selection pathways targeting life-history traits directly or indirectly through correlations with behavioral traits. Here, we report on the relationship between individual differences in behavior and capture technique (beach seining versus angling) in wild-caught juvenile bluegill sunfish ( Lepomis macrochirus ). Both fish caught by using a seine net (seined) and fish caught by using a lure (angled) were individually tested under standardized laboratory conditions for their boldness, water-column use, …
Biofilm Formation And Control In A Novel Warm Water Distribution System, Paul Waines
Biofilm Formation And Control In A Novel Warm Water Distribution System, Paul Waines
Other Faculty of Science and Engineering Theses
Biofilm Formation and Control in a Novel Warm Water Distribution System By Paul Lewis Waines Abstract Investigations were carried out to assess biofilm formation within a model warm water distribution system (test rig) under a variety of conditions. Analysis methods included ATP-/ culture-based analysis, SEM and confocal microscopy. Molecular-based community analysis was carried out using PCR/DGGE. High pH (9.53-10.08), induced by the presence of a sacrificial anode within the water heater, had a profound inhibitive effect on the culturability of biofilm bacteria on copper (Cu) pipe within the test rig. Concurrent investigations into the effect of stagnation (varied periods of …
Specialization In Plant-Hummingbird Networks Is Associated With Species Richness, Contemporary Precipitation And Quaternary Climate-Change Velocity, B Dalsgaard, E Magard, J Fjeldsa, Amm Gonzalez, C Rahbek, Jm Olesen, J Ollerton, R Alarcon, Ac Araujo, Pa Cotton, C Lara, Cg Machado, I Sazima, M Sazima, A Timmermann, S Watts, B Sandel, Wj Sutherland, J-C Svenning
Specialization In Plant-Hummingbird Networks Is Associated With Species Richness, Contemporary Precipitation And Quaternary Climate-Change Velocity, B Dalsgaard, E Magard, J Fjeldsa, Amm Gonzalez, C Rahbek, Jm Olesen, J Ollerton, R Alarcon, Ac Araujo, Pa Cotton, C Lara, Cg Machado, I Sazima, M Sazima, A Timmermann, S Watts, B Sandel, Wj Sutherland, J-C Svenning
School of Biological and Marine Sciences
No abstract provided.
Climate Change And The Green Energy Paradox: The Consequences For Twaite Shad Alosa Fallax From The River Severn, U.K., Mw Aprahamian, Cd Aprahamian, Am Knights
Climate Change And The Green Energy Paradox: The Consequences For Twaite Shad Alosa Fallax From The River Severn, U.K., Mw Aprahamian, Cd Aprahamian, Am Knights
School of Biological and Marine Sciences
A stock–recruitment model with a temperature component was used to estimate the effect of an increase in temperature predicted by climate change projections on population persistence and distribution of twaite shad Alosa fallax. An increase of 1 and 2° C above the current mean summer (June to August) water temperature of 17·8° C was estimated to result in a three and six-fold increase in the population, respectively. Climate change is also predicted to result in an earlier commencement to their spawning migration into fresh water. The model was expanded to investigate the effect of any additional mortality that might arise …
Marine Plankton Phenology And Life History In A Changing Climate: Current Research And Future Directions, R Ji, M Edwards, Dl Mackas, Ja Runge, Ac Thomas
Marine Plankton Phenology And Life History In A Changing Climate: Current Research And Future Directions, R Ji, M Edwards, Dl Mackas, Ja Runge, Ac Thomas
School of Biological and Marine Sciences
Increasing availability and extent of biological ocean time series (from both in situ and satellite data) have helped reveal significant phenological variability of marine plankton. The extent to which the range of this variability is modified as a result of climate change is of obvious importance. Here we summarize recent research results on phenology of both phytoplankton and zooplankton. We suggest directions to better quantify and monitor future plankton phenology shifts, including (i) examining the main mode of expected future changes (ecological shifts in timing and spatial distribution to accommodate fixed environmental niches vs. evolutionary adaptation of timing controls to …