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Stroke In Devon: Knowledge Was Good, But Action Was Poor., C. Carroll, J. Hobart, C. Fox, L. Teare, J. Gibson Jan 2004

Stroke In Devon: Knowledge Was Good, But Action Was Poor., C. Carroll, J. Hobart, C. Fox, L. Teare, J. Gibson

Peninsula Medical School

BACKGROUND AND AIM: Effective implementation of early treatment strategies for stroke requires prompt admission to hospital. There are several reasons for delayed admission. Good awareness should facilitate early admission. We identified local targets for education. METHODS: Four groups, each of 40 people, completed questionnaires to determine their knowledge of stroke symptoms and risk factors, and the action they took or would take in the event of a stroke. The groups were: patients with a diagnosis of stroke or TIA (within 48 hrs of admission); patients at risk of stroke; the general population; and nurses. RESULTS: Forty per cent of stroke …

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A Randomised Controlled Trial And Cost Effectiveness Study Of Systematic Screening (Targeted And Total Population Screening) Versus Routine Practice For The Detection Of Atrial Fibrillation In The Over 65s: (Safe) [Isrctn19633732], Dawn Swancutt, Richard Hobbs, David Fitzmaurice, Jonathan Mant, Ellen Murray, Sue Jowett, James Raftery, Stirling Bryan, Michael Davies, Gregory Lip Jan 2004

A Randomised Controlled Trial And Cost Effectiveness Study Of Systematic Screening (Targeted And Total Population Screening) Versus Routine Practice For The Detection Of Atrial Fibrillation In The Over 65s: (Safe) [Isrctn19633732], Dawn Swancutt, Richard Hobbs, David Fitzmaurice, Jonathan Mant, Ellen Murray, Sue Jowett, James Raftery, Stirling Bryan, Michael Davies, Gregory Lip

Peninsula Medical School

Background Atrial fibrillation (AF) has been recognised as an important independent risk factor for thromboembolic disease, particularly stroke for which it provides a five-fold increase in risk. This study aimed to determine the baseline prevalence and the incidence of AF based on a variety of screening strategies and in doing so to evaluate the incremental cost-effectiveness of different screening strategies, including targeted or whole population screening, compared with routine clinical practice, for detection of AF in people aged 65 and over. The value of clinical assessment and echocardiography as additional methods of risk stratification for thromboembolic disease in patients with …

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Do On-Off Variations Cause Discrepancies In The Historical Items Of The Updrs?, Camille B. Carroll, Peter G. Bain Jan 2004

Do On-Off Variations Cause Discrepancies In The Historical Items Of The Updrs?, Camille B. Carroll, Peter G. Bain

Peninsula Medical School

No abstract provided.

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Raised Intracranial Pressure Presenting With Spontaneous Periorbital Bruising: Two Case Reports, S Hadjikoutis, Cb Carroll, Gtp Plant Jan 2004

Raised Intracranial Pressure Presenting With Spontaneous Periorbital Bruising: Two Case Reports, S Hadjikoutis, Cb Carroll, Gtp Plant

Peninsula Medical School

The venous drainage of the orbit is known to be via the ophthalmic and vortex veins which communicate with the cavernous sinus. We describe two patients with raised intracranial pressure presenting with periorbital bruising. In one patient dural venous sinus thrombosis was demonstrated and it is suspected that the cause of the raised intracranial pressure may have been the same in the second. We suggest that the abrupt rise of pressure in the cerebral venous system was transmitted via the cavernous sinus to the orbital venous system.

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Multiple Experts: Scientific, Medical, Media And Lay Discourses On 'New Genetics', Clare Elizabeth Wilkinson Jan 2004

Multiple Experts: Scientific, Medical, Media And Lay Discourses On 'New Genetics', Clare Elizabeth Wilkinson

Other Faculty of Health Theses

The significance of public relationships with scientific and medical expertise has increasingly been highlighted as an area of importance in governmental policy formulation and scientific activities. Central to this relationship has been the role of the media, frequently depicted as increasing the strained communications between science, medicine and the public in the present UK 'crisis' of expertise. Sociological research has contributed to our understandings of science, medicine, the media and lay knowledge. The research presented in this thesis correlates these contributions. It focuses on 'new genetics' to elicit the views towards communication and understanding expressed by three groups; media professionals, …

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Cell Cycle Of Emiliania Huxleyi And Its Effects On Host: Virus Interactions, Rebecca Louise Jefferson Jan 2004

Cell Cycle Of Emiliania Huxleyi And Its Effects On Host: Virus Interactions, Rebecca Louise Jefferson

Other Faculty of Health Theses

Emiliania huxleyi is an ecologically important marine phytoplankton and it is regularly forms large blooms. Viruses are an important agent of mortality in blooms, however, little is known about the host:virus interactions in this system. This project investigated how infection at different stages of the host cell cycle influenced: virus adsorption, infection and production and host lysis and cell cycle. Cultures were infected during the G1 , S or G2 + M phase and monitored for 2 hours for adsorption and infection or monitored for 48 hours for virus production, host lysis and host cell cycle. A three fold increase …

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Not All Stereotypic Biases Are Created Equal: Evidence For A Stereotype-Disconfirming Bias, Na Wyer Jan 2004

Not All Stereotypic Biases Are Created Equal: Evidence For A Stereotype-Disconfirming Bias, Na Wyer

School of Psychology

Stereotype-confirming biases are well documented in the social psychological literature. However, motivations to disconfirm social stereotypes may be more influential for unprejudiced individuals. Three experiments are presented that test the hypothesis that extremely unprejudiced people exhibit a bias toward stereotype disconfirmation. Experiment 1 investigates stereotype disconfirmation in information-seeking preferences. Experiments 2 and 3 explore attributional strategies for stereotype disconfirmation. In all experiments, unprejudiced participants respond in ways reflecting a motivation to disconfirm social stereotypes. Implications for stereotype change and stereotypic influences on judgment and behavior are discussed.

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Doctoral Thesis Proposal Defence Seminar., Tj Lynch Nov 2003

Doctoral Thesis Proposal Defence Seminar., Tj Lynch

Plymouth Institute of Education

Lynch, T. (2003, November 3). Evaluating the implementation of the new Queensland health and physical education documents (1999) in Brisbane Catholic Education primary schools.

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Functional Interaction Between The Bloom's Syndrome Helicase And The Rad51 Paralog, Rad51l3 (Rad51d), Jp Braybrooke, J-L Li, L Wu, Et Al Nov 2003

Functional Interaction Between The Bloom's Syndrome Helicase And The Rad51 Paralog, Rad51l3 (Rad51d), Jp Braybrooke, J-L Li, L Wu, Et Al

School of Biomedical Sciences

Bloom's syndrome (BS) is a genetic disorder associated with short stature, fertility defects, and a predisposition to the development of cancer. BS cells are characterized by genomic instability; in particular, a high rate of reciprocal exchanges between sister-chromatids and homologous chromosomes. The BS gene product, BLM, is a helicase belonging to the highly conserved RecQ family. BLM is known to form a complex with the RAD51 recombinase, and to act upon DNA intermediates that form during homologous recombination, including D-loops and Holliday junctions. Here, we show that BLM also makes a direct physical association with the RAD51L3 protein (also known …

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An Economic Anaysis Of The Impact Of Eu Accession Upon Crude Oil And Oil Production Policy In Lithuania, Irma Pasukeviciute Sep 2003

An Economic Anaysis Of The Impact Of Eu Accession Upon Crude Oil And Oil Production Policy In Lithuania, Irma Pasukeviciute

School of Biological and Marine Sciences Theses

This thesis presents a two-stage economic and policy analysis of the impact of European Union (EU) accession upon crude oil production and transportation policy in Lithuania. The first stage provides the theoretical framework for the research. The analysis begins with the overview of the Russian oil industry, as for over 50 years Lithuania was part of the Soviet Union and thus its oil industry was largely controlled by Russian interests. Although Lithuania became independent in 1991, the dependency on Russia in terms of energy remains until today. The following chapters introduce Lithuania's development since its independence, outline the relationship with …

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A Computer Aided Detection System For Mammographic Images Implemented On A Grid Infrastructure, U Bottigli, P Cerello, P Delogu, Me Fantacci, Et Al May 2003

A Computer Aided Detection System For Mammographic Images Implemented On A Grid Infrastructure, U Bottigli, P Cerello, P Delogu, Me Fantacci, Et Al

School of Engineering, Computing and Mathematics

The use of an automatic system for the analysis of mammographic images has proven to be very useful to radiologists in the investigation of breast cancer, especially in the framework of mammographic-screening programs. A breast neoplasia is often marked by the presence of microcalcification clusters and massive lesions in the mammogram: hence the need for tools able to recognize such lesions at an early stage. In the framework of the GPCALMA (GRID Platform for Computer Assisted Library for MAmmography) project, the co-working of italian physicists and radiologists built a large distributed database of digitized mammographic images (about 5500 images corresponding …

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Characterisation Of A Sexual Stage-Specific Gene Encoding Orc1 Homologue In The Human Malaria Parasite Plasmodium Falciparum, J-L Li, Ls Cox Mar 2003

Characterisation Of A Sexual Stage-Specific Gene Encoding Orc1 Homologue In The Human Malaria Parasite Plasmodium Falciparum, J-L Li, Ls Cox

School of Biomedical Sciences

The origin recognition complex (ORC) is a multisubunit protein composed of six polypeptides that binds to replication origins and is essential for the initiation of chromosomal DNA replication. Using the Vectorette technique, we have isolated a novel gene encoding an ORC1-like protein from the human malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum. The gene has no introns and encodes a protein (PfORC1) of 1189 amino acid residues with a predicted molecular mass of 139 kDa. PfORC1 contains all conserved sequences in the ORC1/Cdc6/Cdc18 family and displays the highest homology to the Schizosaccharomyces pombe ORC1. However, PfORC1 possesses an extensive N-terminal segment with several …

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Complete Analysis Of The B‐Cell Response To A Protein Antigen, From In Vivo Germinal Centre Formation To 3‐D Modelling Of Affinity Maturation, Cl Adams, Mkl Macleod, Ej Milner-White, Et Al Mar 2003

Complete Analysis Of The B‐Cell Response To A Protein Antigen, From In Vivo Germinal Centre Formation To 3‐D Modelling Of Affinity Maturation, Cl Adams, Mkl Macleod, Ej Milner-White, Et Al

School of Biomedical Sciences

Somatic hypermutation of immunoglobulin variable region genes occurs within germinal centres (GCs) and is the process responsible for affinity maturation of antibodies during an immune response. Previous studies have focused almost exclusively on the immune response to haptens, which may be unrepresentative of epitopes on protein antigens. In this study, we have exploited a model system that uses transgenic B and CD4+ T cells specific for hen egg lysozyme (HEL) and a chicken ovalbumin peptide, respectively, to investigate a tightly synchronized immune response to protein antigens of widely differing affinities, thus allowing us to track many facets of the development …

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Proapoptotic Genes Bax And Cd40l Are Predictors Of Survival In Transitional Cell Carcinoma Of The Bladder, Sa Hussain, R Ganesan, L Hiller, Pg Murray, Et Al Feb 2003

Proapoptotic Genes Bax And Cd40l Are Predictors Of Survival In Transitional Cell Carcinoma Of The Bladder, Sa Hussain, R Ganesan, L Hiller, Pg Murray, Et Al

Peninsula Medical School

The purpose of the study was to investigate the effects of expression of a range of genes involved in apoptosis on outcome in bladder cancer. Immunohistochemistry was used to examine expression of BCL2, BAX, P53, CD40 and CD40L in archival tissues of patients included in various treatment trials for transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) of the bladder. Data were collected on 94 patients who first presented with either invasive or superficial bladder cancer. Median follow-up for alive patients was 83 months (m) (range 12-195 m). Median survival was 80 m (95% CI=56-128 m). Median survivals for the various markers were as …

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Images Of Engineering: An Investigation Of Gender And Attitudes Towards Engineering, Liz Hodgkinson Jan 2003

Images Of Engineering: An Investigation Of Gender And Attitudes Towards Engineering, Liz Hodgkinson

School of Law, Humanities and Social Sciences Theses

The research presented in this thesis used a mixed method approach to investigate the attitudes of sixth-form students in two British cities, towards engineering as a career, with the aim of finding out which factors encourage or discourage young people from becoming engineers, and whether these differ for males and females. The study can be set in the context of the declining popularity of engineering as a career choice for males and the continuing under-representation of females, for whom engineering is a non-traditional career choice. The principal research hypothesis was that negative images of engineering discourage girls and many boys …

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Applications Of Complex Adaptive Systems Approaches To Coastal Systems, Ken Kingston Jan 2003

Applications Of Complex Adaptive Systems Approaches To Coastal Systems, Ken Kingston

School of Biological and Marine Sciences Theses

This thesis investigatesth e application of complex adaptives ystemsa pproaches (e. g. Artificial Neural Networks and Evolutionary Computation) to the study of coastal hydrodynamica nd morphodynamicb ehaviour.T raditionally, nearshorem orphologicalc oastal systems tudiesh ave developeda n understandingo f thosep hysicalp rocesseso ccurringo n both short temporal, and small spatial scales with a large degree of success. The associated approachesa nd conceptsu sedt o study the coastals ystema t theses calesh ave Primarily been linear in nature.H owever,w hent hesea pproachetso studyingt he coastals ystema re extendedto investigating larger temporal and spatial scales,w hich are commensuratew ith the aims of coastal …

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The Detection Of Genetic Toxicity In Marine Organisms, Vikki Cheung Jan 2003

The Detection Of Genetic Toxicity In Marine Organisms, Vikki Cheung

School of Biological and Marine Sciences Theses

Studies were undertaken to measure genetic toxicity at the molecular and cytogenetic levels of biological organisation in marine invertebrates and flatfish. The responses in the early life stages and adult life stages of marine invertebrates (Mytilus edulis and Platynereis dumerilii) were measured following exposures to the physical agent ultraviolet radiation (UVR) and representative compounds of the chemical group, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in laboratory conditions. Also, the potential changes of toxicity of PAH contaminants caused by interactive effects with UVR were evaluated. In a collaborative study with researchers at the Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science (CEFAS), genotoxic measurements …

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Developing Lecturer Practitioner Roles In Nursing Using Action Research, Graham Williamson Jan 2003

Developing Lecturer Practitioner Roles In Nursing Using Action Research, Graham Williamson

School of Nursing and Midwifery Theses

The lecturer practitioner role in nursing is widely seen as offering hope for the future of nurse education, by overcoming the 'theory-practice gap', and establishing and maintaining effective links at many different levels between education and practice. It is clear, however, that there are a number of issues of concern about the role. These can be summarised as: lack of role clarity about overcoming the theory-practice gap; varying conceptions of the role and unclear job descriptions; and role conflicts and overload, from the conflicting demands of service and education settings Despite current political support for strengthening the links between higher …

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Importance Of Seagrass Beds As A Habitat For Fishery Species Around Jersey, Emma Louise Jackson Jan 2003

Importance Of Seagrass Beds As A Habitat For Fishery Species Around Jersey, Emma Louise Jackson

School of Biological and Marine Sciences Theses

Worldwide, seagrass habitats have been identified as important nursery areas, refugia and feeding grounds for many faunal species, including those of commercial and recreational value. Their importance as both permanent and temporary habitats has been recognised in UK fisheries management and conservation strategies; however, it must be emphasised that current knowledge of the roles of seagrass habitats originates mostly fromm research carried out outside the UK. Also, the subtidal distribution of Zostera around the British Isles has not been rigorously quantified at many locations. Local studies are essential for providing the relevant information required by fishery agencies to make valued …

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Cross-Shore Sediment Transport Processes On Natural Beaches And Their Relation To Sand Bar Migration Patterns, Ismael De Jesus Marino Tapia Jan 2003

Cross-Shore Sediment Transport Processes On Natural Beaches And Their Relation To Sand Bar Migration Patterns, Ismael De Jesus Marino Tapia

School of Biological and Marine Sciences Theses

During the last two decadess everalf ield studiesh ave shown a clear pattern in the cross-shores ediment transport processes on beaches. Outside the surf zone, the stronger onshore velocities under unbroken (Stokes-type) wave crests, produce a dominant onshore sediment transport. Inside the surf zone, strong offshore-directed mean currents (undertow) drive sediments offshore. It is of great interest for the scientific community to verify further the consistency of this pattern under different morphodynamic conditions, understand the underlying physics and quantify/parameterise this behaviour in order to improve the understanding of cross-shore sediment transport and simplify the modelling of beach profile change. The …

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Spatial And Temporal Variation In Diet And Prey Preference Of Nursery-Bound Juvenile Lemon Sharks (Negaprion Brevirostris) At Bimini, Bahamas, Steven Paul Newman Jan 2003

Spatial And Temporal Variation In Diet And Prey Preference Of Nursery-Bound Juvenile Lemon Sharks (Negaprion Brevirostris) At Bimini, Bahamas, Steven Paul Newman

School of Biological and Marine Sciences Theses

Prey selection has never been determined in an elasmobranch, primarily because of the large home ranges possessed by adults making accurate quantification of prey in the environment problematic. Juvenile lemon sharks spend their first few years of life within protected nursery grounds, enabling the first quantification of prey selection due to the restricted area that they inhabit. Growth and survival of juvenile lemon sharks strongly influences adult fitness and recruitment, and therefore prey selection may play an important role in the life history of lemon sharks. The selection of a preferred species or size of prey by juvenile lemon sharks …

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The Insecticidal Properties Of A Garlic Oil, With Special Reference To Its Use Against Two Dipteran Pests, Gareth Michael Prowse Jan 2003

The Insecticidal Properties Of A Garlic Oil, With Special Reference To Its Use Against Two Dipteran Pests, Gareth Michael Prowse

School of Biological and Marine Sciences Theses

The potential for a quantitatively produced garlic oil for use as an insecticide was investigated. The study assessed the garlic oils efficacy in the laboratory and in the field, as well as its physiological effect on three key enzymes noted for their involvement either in toxicity, or detoxication of exogenous toxins in two Dipteran pests; Delia radicum (L.) and Musca domestica (L.). The garlic oil absorbed onto wood flour pellets (prills) had no significant repellent effect on D. radicum, in choice tests when presented with artificial oviposition sites. Exposure of 24hr old D. radicum eggs to garlic prills placed on …

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Studies On The Filamentous Gliding Bacteria Vitreoscilla Stercoraria, Laura Frances Biggs Jan 2003

Studies On The Filamentous Gliding Bacteria Vitreoscilla Stercoraria, Laura Frances Biggs

School of Biological and Marine Sciences Theses

Strains of Vitreoscilla stercoraria were isolated from the environment and characterised. Cell width, motility and requirement of each strain for sodium chloride were investigated. Two strains were selected for further study and the effect of monensin and FCCP on growth of the strains was investigated. One strain of Vitreoscilla (LB13) was chosen for further study, cells from strain LB 13 were found to be 1.38 µm ± 0.041 (± 1 SEM, n=10) wide, were motile by gliding and had an optimum requirement for sodium chloride for growth of 43 mM. The organism was grown in batch culture and respiratory membranes …

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Dietary Availability And Retention Of Selected Minerals Associated With The Intensive Production Of Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus Mykiss), Donna Leanne Snellgrove Jan 2003

Dietary Availability And Retention Of Selected Minerals Associated With The Intensive Production Of Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus Mykiss), Donna Leanne Snellgrove

School of Biological and Marine Sciences Theses

This research programme aimed to review the nutritional requirements for the main minerals, (namely calcium, phosphorus, magnesium and zinc) formulated in commercial diets that are essential for the health and growth performance for salmonid fish. This was undertaken with the aim of improving our knowledge of their physiology, metabolism and fate in the rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss. Phosphorous (P) featured strongly in this work due to its adverse role in pollution and the environmental impact of intensive fish farming. The first chapter surveyed the gross nutritional requirements of fish and focused on the mineral requirements in particular. Typically the P …

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An Investigation Of The Phototransduction Cascade And Temporal Characteristics Of The Retina Of The Cuttlefish, Sepia Officinalis, Lisa Nelson Jan 2003

An Investigation Of The Phototransduction Cascade And Temporal Characteristics Of The Retina Of The Cuttlefish, Sepia Officinalis, Lisa Nelson

School of Biological and Marine Sciences Theses

Cephalopods have extremely well developed visual systems which are of particular interest due to the well known morphological similarity of the cephalopod eye to the vertebrate eye. This similarity ends at the level of the photoreceptors where vertebrates and invertebrates have been found to use different intracellular second messengers. Although the effect of extracellular ion manipulation on the light response has been examined and some very useful biochemical studies carried out, the pathway has not been investigated by the use of pharmacological intervention; a method which has proved to be useful in other preparations. This study examines various properties of …

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Crosstalk-Resiliant Coding For High Density Digital Recording, Mohammed Zaki Ahmed Jan 2003

Crosstalk-Resiliant Coding For High Density Digital Recording, Mohammed Zaki Ahmed

School of Engineering, Computing and Mathematics Theses

Increasing the track density in magnetic systems is very difficult due to inter-track interference (ITI) caused by the magnetic field of adjacent tracks. This work presents a two-track partial response class 4 magnetic channel with linear and symmetrical ITI; and explores modulation codes, signal processing methods and error correction codes in order to mitigate the effects of ITI. Recording codes were investigated, and a new class of two-dimensional run-length limited recording codes is described. The new class of codes controls the type of ITI and has been found to be about 10% more resilient to ITI compared to conventional run-length …

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Individual Differences And Strategies For Human Reasoning, Alison Bacon Jan 2003

Individual Differences And Strategies For Human Reasoning, Alison Bacon

School of Psychology Theses

Theories of human reasoning have tended to assume cognitive universality, i. e. that all individuals reason in basically the same way. However, some research (e. g. that of Ford. 1995) has found evidence of individual differences in the strategies people use for syllogistic reasoning. This thesis presents a series of experiments which aimed to identify individual differences in strategies for human reasoning and investigate their nature and aetiology. Experiment 1 successfully replicated and extended Ford (1995) and provided further evidence that most individuals prefer to reason with either verbal-propositional or visuo-spatial representations. Data from verbal and written protocols showed that …

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Understanding Formative Assessment In Extended Classroom Curricular Interaction, John Gulliver Jan 2003

Understanding Formative Assessment In Extended Classroom Curricular Interaction, John Gulliver

Plymouth Institute of Education Theses

This thesis relates to the debates about assessment in education that marked the final years of the 20th century. It attends to the assertion, widely made in policy pronouncements within and beyond the UK, at every level of the education system, that assessment is an integral part of teaching, pronouncements seen by some writers as rhetoric-driven and atheoretical. It focuses in particular on formative assessment, with its underlying assumption that, to be effective, teaching must match the cognitive requirements of learners. The study examines the psychological and epistemological foundations of this assertion, contends that both are problematic, and confirms that …

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Novel Techniques For Investigating The Permeation Properties Of Environmentally-Friendly Paper Coatings: The Influence Of Structural Anisotropy On Fluid Permeation In Porous Media, Paul Bodurtha Jan 2003

Novel Techniques For Investigating The Permeation Properties Of Environmentally-Friendly Paper Coatings: The Influence Of Structural Anisotropy On Fluid Permeation In Porous Media, Paul Bodurtha

School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences Theses

In this study, we have investigated the effects of structural anisotropy of porous media on the permeation of fluids. The motivation for the work was an increased understanding of the permeation of inks into paper coatings, which often contain platey or needle-like particles, which have been aligned during the coating process. However, the findings are also relevant to other systems, such as the sub-terranean migration of fluids, including pollutants, within shale that contains particles of high aspect ratio. Mineral pigments, comprising mainly of calcium carbonate or clay, are often are applied to the surface of paper to improve optical and …

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The Characterisation Of Oilfield Chemicals By Electrospray Ionization Multi-Stage Mass Spectrometry (Esi-Msᵑ), Paul James Mccormack Jan 2003

The Characterisation Of Oilfield Chemicals By Electrospray Ionization Multi-Stage Mass Spectrometry (Esi-Msᵑ), Paul James Mccormack

School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences Theses

A diverse range of polar organic chemicals used during the offshore production of crude oils is routinely discharged from oil production platforms in so-called Produced Water (PW). The environmental fate of these chemicals is largely unknown since few methods exist for their detection. In the present study, the use of multistage electrospray ionisation ion trap mass spectrometry (ES1-MSᶯ) was investigated for the detection, identification, characterisation and quantification of compounds in both speciality oilfield chemicals (corrosion inhibitors, scale inhibitors, biocides and demulsifiers) and in Produced Water.

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