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Articles 8581 - 8610 of 10930
Full-Text Articles in Entire DC Network
Analyses Of Captive Behaviour And Enclosure Use In Rothschild Giraffes (Giraffa Camelopardalis Rothschildi) Housed At Paignton Zoo Environmental Park ®, Sarah Garry
The Plymouth Student Scientist
It has been suggested that wild herbivorous animals, like the Rothschild Giraffe (Giraffa camelopardalis rothschildi), are difficult to house in captivity due to their natural wide home range and specialised diet. The aim of this study was to understand what influence the design of the giraffe enclosure at Paignton Zoo has on the activity budget of the Rothschild Giraffes (Giraffa camelopardalis rothschildi) housed in it, in relation to enclosure use and the performance of a natural behavioural repertoire. This was achieved by observing the giraffe’s behaviour and location when in the enclosure, both indoors and outdoors. The Spread of Participation …
Mood Affective Outcomes From Alternate Learning Strategies: Cognitive Flexibility And Dyslexic Education, Dylan Williams
Mood Affective Outcomes From Alternate Learning Strategies: Cognitive Flexibility And Dyslexic Education, Dylan Williams
The Plymouth Student Scientist
It is theorized that persons with dyslexia and associated conditions may be vulnerable to negative wellbeing, alongside academic deficiency, which has been focused on more widely. This study aims to investigate this theory in teenagers, and to draw relationships with teaching methods. Participants were interviewed, and completed the PANAS (Positive and Negative Affect) scale for children, the Matson Evaluation of Social Skills for Youngsters, and the Educational Environment Survey (an assessment of perceptions on education and ability). Participants with dyslexia and associated conditions showed reduced wellbeing compared to controls, and identified distinct experiential differences of education. This study was successful …
Comparing Risk-Taking And Digit Ratio (2d:4d) In Offenders And Non-Offenders, Taja Anderson
Comparing Risk-Taking And Digit Ratio (2d:4d) In Offenders And Non-Offenders, Taja Anderson
The Plymouth Student Scientist
Offenders differ from non-offenders in their propensity to engage in risk-taking behaviour. The ratio of the index and ring fingers (2D:4D), a proxy of prenatal testosterone exposure, has been linked to risk-taking behaviour. The present study compared risk-taking in 45 male offenders and 66 non-offenders using the Balloon Analogue Risk Task (BART). Furthermore, it sought to determine the relationship between their 2D:4D ratios and risk-taking behaviours. No significant differences were found between the two groups in their risk-taking behaviour and no significant correlations were found between 2D:4D and risk-taking in either group. These findings are discussed in relation to previous …
How Will Ocean Acidification Affect Marine Photosynthetic Organisms? A Review, Michael Jarrold
How Will Ocean Acidification Affect Marine Photosynthetic Organisms? A Review, Michael Jarrold
The Plymouth Student Scientist
Atmospheric carbon dioxide is increasing year on year, mainly as a result of burning fossil fuels. Although carbon dioxide dissolves in the oceans, mitigating atmospheric effects, it does result in a reduction of the alkalinity of sea water; an effect termed Ocean Acidification (OA). The subsequent changes in carbon chemistry will most likely affect marine photosynthetic organisms in a number of ways; including the ability of organisms to build calcium carbonate shells or skeletons (calcification) and primary production. Previous work indicates that both processes respond to OA, but not always in the same way. Consequently the aim of this review …
Investigating Placebo Mechanisms: Could A Pdp System Exist?, Francesca Payne
Investigating Placebo Mechanisms: Could A Pdp System Exist?, Francesca Payne
The Plymouth Student Scientist
Placebo mechanisms are a neglected area of research. Kirsch’s (1985) response expectancy theory described the stimulus-placebo response process as direct and unmediated. However, Hyland (2011) argued that the placebo effect is mediated by a parallel distributed processing (PDP) system, whereby all cognitive input is processed simultaneously, resulting in perseveration of the placebo effect. The present study examined this theory by utilising a TENS device as a placebo ‘effecting’ reaction times to a computer task, with an additional cognitive load task to further test the PDP system’s existence. Although a general placebo effect was found that increased in the cognitive load …
Iron Deprivation In Synechocystis : Inference Of Pathways, Non-Coding Rnas, And Regulatory Elements From Comprehensive Expression Profiling, Ma Hernández-Prieto, V Schön, J Georg, L Barreira, Et Al
Iron Deprivation In Synechocystis : Inference Of Pathways, Non-Coding Rnas, And Regulatory Elements From Comprehensive Expression Profiling, Ma Hernández-Prieto, V Schön, J Georg, L Barreira, Et Al
School of Biomedical Sciences
Iron is an essential cofactor in many metabolic reactions. Mechanisms controlling iron homeostasis need to respond rapidly to changes in extracellular conditions, but they must also keep the concentration of intracellular iron under strict control to avoid the generation of damaging reactive oxygen species. Due to its role as a redox carrier in photosynthesis, the iron quota in cyanobacteria is about 10 times higher than in model enterobacteria. The molecular details of how such a high quota is regulated are obscure. Here we present experiments that shed light on the iron regulatory system in cyanobacteria. We measured time-resolved changes in …
Geographic Mosaics Of Species’ Association: A Definition And An Example Driven By Plant-Insect Phenological Synchrony., Mc Singer, Cs Mcbride
Geographic Mosaics Of Species’ Association: A Definition And An Example Driven By Plant-Insect Phenological Synchrony., Mc Singer, Cs Mcbride
School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences
Spatial mosaics occur in both evolutionary and ecological properties of species' interactions. Studies of these patterns have facilitated description and prediction of evolutionary responses of interacting species to each other and to changing environments. We propose seeking complementary understanding of community assembly and dynamics by studying ecological and mechanistic properties of mosaics. We define "species' association mosaics" as deviations from a null model in which spatial variation in the extent to which particular species interact ecologically is explained solely by variation in their densities. In extreme deviations from the null, a focal species interacts exclusively with different partners at different …
Effect Of Nitrogen On Safflower Physiology And Productivity, Sj Mohamed, Aj Jellings, Mp Fuller
Effect Of Nitrogen On Safflower Physiology And Productivity, Sj Mohamed, Aj Jellings, Mp Fuller
School of Biological and Marine Sciences
Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) is an oil-crop suitable for semi-arid agriculture, but its physiological response to agronomic inputs has yet to be fully evaluated. The effect of fertiliser on the physiology and production of safflower grown in pots filled with standard grade perlite inside a semi-controlled glass house was studied. Plants were initially irrigated with 20-100 ml standard hydroponic solution and then one month after germination plants were irrigated using 50-200 ml complete Hoagland’s solution, supplemented with one of eight levels of nitrogen (0, 25, 50, 75, 100, 125, 150, 175 kg N ha-1) in the form of ammonium nitrate. …
Neuropsychological Outcomes In Adults Commencing Highly Active Anti-Retroviral Treatment In South Africa: A Prospective Study, Ja Joska, J Westgarth-Taylor, J Hoare, Kgf Thomas, Et Al
Neuropsychological Outcomes In Adults Commencing Highly Active Anti-Retroviral Treatment In South Africa: A Prospective Study, Ja Joska, J Westgarth-Taylor, J Hoare, Kgf Thomas, Et Al
Peninsula Medical School
BACKGROUND: Infection with HIV may result in significant neuropsychological impairment, especially in late stage disease. To date, there have been no cohort studies of the impact of highly active anti-retroviral treatment (HAART) in South Africa where clade C HIV is predominant. METHODS: Participants in the current study were recruited from a larger study of HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND) and included a group of individuals commencing HAART (n = 82). Baseline and one-year neuropsychological function was assessed using a detailed battery, and summary global deficit scores (GDS) obtained. Associations with change in GDS were calculated. RESULTS: Participants had a median CD4 …
Zinc Modifies The Effect Of Phyto-Oestrogens On Osteoblast And Osteoclast Differentiation In Vitro., S Karieb, Sw Fox
Zinc Modifies The Effect Of Phyto-Oestrogens On Osteoblast And Osteoclast Differentiation In Vitro., S Karieb, Sw Fox
School of Biomedical Sciences
Osteoblast and osteoclast activity is disrupted in post-menopausal osteoporosis. Thus, to fully address this imbalance, therapies should reduce bone resorption and promote bone formation. Dietary factors such as phyto-oestrogens and Zn have beneficial effects on osteoblast and osteoclast activity. However, the effect of combinations of these factors has not been widely studied. We therefore examined the effect of coumestrol, daidzein and genistein in the presence or absence of zinc sulphate (Zn) on osteoclast and osteoblast activity. Osteoclast differentiation and bone resorption were significantly reduced by coumestrol (10- 7 m), daidzein (10- 5 m) and genistein (10- 7 m); and this …
Variation In Patterns Of Metal Accumulation In Thallus Parts Of Lessonia Trabeculata (Laminariales; Phaeophyceae): Implications For Biomonitoring, Ca Sáez, Mg Lobos, Ec Macaya, Et Al
Variation In Patterns Of Metal Accumulation In Thallus Parts Of Lessonia Trabeculata (Laminariales; Phaeophyceae): Implications For Biomonitoring, Ca Sáez, Mg Lobos, Ec Macaya, Et Al
School of Biological and Marine Sciences
Seaweeds are well known to concentrate metals from seawater and have been employed as monitors of metal pollution in coastal waters and estuaries. However, research showing that various intrinsic and extrinsic factors can influence metal accumulation, raises doubts about the basis for using seaweeds in biomonitoring programmes. The thallus of brown seaweeds of the order Laminariales (kelps) is morphologically complex but there is limited information about the variation in metal accumulation between the different parts, which might result in erroneous conclusions being drawn if not accounted for in the biomonitoring protocol. To assess patterns of individual metals in the differentiated …
Rips, Currents And Snags: Investigating The Delivery Of Educational Goals For Young Australians In The Region Of Gippsland, Victoria. , Tj Lynch
Plymouth Institute of Education
Monash University (Gippsland campus) is situated in Churchill, Latrobe Valley, located in central Gippsland, eastern Victoria. A large percentage of the Gippsland region comprises of a socio-economically disadvantaged population (Figure 1). In Semester One, 2011 as part of the Bachelor of Primary Education course at Monash, it was decided that a pathway be created to achieve these national ideals and goals through the implementation of swimming and water safety education in Primary schools. Swimming and water safety education represents the specific curriculum to be implemented in rural schools, it is representative of any aspect of the curriculum to be delivered. …
Firstlight: Pluggable Optical Interconnect Technologies For Polymeric Electro-Optical Printed Circuit Boards In Data Centers, J Graham-Jones
Firstlight: Pluggable Optical Interconnect Technologies For Polymeric Electro-Optical Printed Circuit Boards In Data Centers, J Graham-Jones
School of Engineering, Computing and Mathematics
The protocol data rate governing data storage devices will increase to over 12 Gb/s by 2013 thereby imposing unmanageable cost and performance burdens on future digital data storage systems. The resulting performance bottleneck can be substantially reduced by conveying high-speed data optically instead of electronically. A novel active pluggable 82.5 Gb/s aggregate bit rate optical connector technology, the design and fabrication of a compact electro-optical printed circuit board to meet exacting specifications, and a method for low cost, high precision, passive optical assembly are presented. A demonstration platform was constructed to assess the viability of embedded electro-optical midplane technology in …
Enamel Defects In Carriers Of A Novel Lama3 Mutation Underlying Epidermolysis Bullosa, Wy Yuen, Am Pasmooij, C Stellingsma, Mf Jonkman
Enamel Defects In Carriers Of A Novel Lama3 Mutation Underlying Epidermolysis Bullosa, Wy Yuen, Am Pasmooij, C Stellingsma, Mf Jonkman
Peninsula Medical School
No abstract provided.
Addressing Appearance-Related Distress Across Clinical Conditions., Alyson Bessell, Emma Dures, Cherith Semple, Sue Jackson
Addressing Appearance-Related Distress Across Clinical Conditions., Alyson Bessell, Emma Dures, Cherith Semple, Sue Jackson
School of Psychology
Evidence is accumulating about the nature and prevalence of appearance-related distress across a variety of clinical populations. Health professionals working with specific patient groups are often aware of these difficulties and their detrimental effect on quality of life and wellbeing. However, many health professionals lack knowledge and skills on how to support patients, either within the team or via referral to relevant service providers who have expertise in managing appearance-related distress. This is mainly owing to a lack of information about screening, assessment measures and available interventions. The aim of this article is to consider how health professionals can support …
Second-To-Fourth Digit Ratio And Impulsivity: A Comparison Between Offenders And Nonoffenders, Y Hanoch, M Gummerum, J Rolison
Second-To-Fourth Digit Ratio And Impulsivity: A Comparison Between Offenders And Nonoffenders, Y Hanoch, M Gummerum, J Rolison
School of Psychology
Personality characteristics, particularly impulsive tendencies, have long been conceived as the primary culprit in delinquent behavior. One crucial question to emerge from this line of work is whether impulsivity has a biological basis. To test this possibility, 44 male offenders and 46 nonoffenders completed the Eysenck Impulsivity Questionnaire, and had their 2D∶4D ratio measured. Offenders exhibited smaller right hand digit ratio measurements compared to non-offenders, but higher impulsivity scores. Both impulsivity and 2D∶4D ratio measurements significantly predicted criminality (offenders vs. nonoffenders). Controlling for education level, the 2D∶4D ratio measurements had remained a significant predictor of criminality, while impulsivity scores no …
Gene Expression Analysis In Human Breast Cancer Associated Blood Vessels, Dt Jones, T Lechertier, R Mitter, Jmj Herbert, Et Al
Gene Expression Analysis In Human Breast Cancer Associated Blood Vessels, Dt Jones, T Lechertier, R Mitter, Jmj Herbert, Et Al
School of Biomedical Sciences
Angiogenesis is essential for solid tumour growth, whilst the molecular profiles of tumour blood vessels have been reported to be different between cancer types. Although presently available anti-angiogenic strategies are providing some promise for the treatment of some cancers it is perhaps not surprisingly that, none of the anti-angiogenic agents available work on all tumours. Thus, the discovery of novel anti-angiogenic targets, relevant to individual cancer types, is required. Using Affymetrix microarray analysis of laser-captured, CD31-positive blood vessels we have identified 63 genes that are upregulated significantly (5-72 fold) in angiogenic blood vessels associated with human invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) …
An Improved Micro Propagation System For Successful Transformation Of Cauliflower (Brassica Oleracea Var. Botrytis)., Fg Al-Swedi, S Lane, Mp Fuller
An Improved Micro Propagation System For Successful Transformation Of Cauliflower (Brassica Oleracea Var. Botrytis)., Fg Al-Swedi, S Lane, Mp Fuller
School of Biological and Marine Sciences
Cauliflower is described as a recalcitrant plant to the genetic transformation process from Agrobacterium. Cauliflower curd meristems can be used to produce shoots to clone the mother plants in in-vitro culture. Micro propagation techniques were used in this study at different stages to produce cauliflower explants. The healthy growing explants were transformed with the APX gene using a standard transfection protocol mediated by Agrobacterium. The plants that successfully grew under abiotic stress and presenting a normal plant phenotypic feature were considered transformants. The transfection conditions were optimised during this study and 105Agrobacterium cell/5 plants/pot successfully produced 1 transformed plant/pot.
Uv-B Affects Photosynthesis, Ros Production And Motility Of The Freshwater Flagellate, Euglena Agilis Carter, S Kottuparambil, W Shin, Mt Brown, T Han
Uv-B Affects Photosynthesis, Ros Production And Motility Of The Freshwater Flagellate, Euglena Agilis Carter, S Kottuparambil, W Shin, Mt Brown, T Han
School of Biological and Marine Sciences
The effects of ultraviolet B (UV-B; 295-320 nm) radiation on certain vital physiological (photosynthesis), biochemical (production of reactive oxygen species - ROS) and behavioral (motility and orientation) characteristics were investigated in the unicellular photoautotroph, Euglena agilis Carter. The photosynthetic performance of E. agilis was recorded after exposure of between 15 and 60 min followed by a period of recovery lasting 6-24h under dim light (5-10 μmol photons m(-2) s(-1)). The maximum quantum yield of PS II (F(v)/F(m)) was reduced to 65% and 14% of initial values immediately following 15 and 30 min UV-B exposure, but recovered to 100 and 86% …
An Environmental Assessment Of Risk In Achieving Good Environmental Status To Support Regional Prioritisation Of Management In Europe, P Breen, La Robinson, Si Rogers, F Goodsir, Et Al
An Environmental Assessment Of Risk In Achieving Good Environmental Status To Support Regional Prioritisation Of Management In Europe, P Breen, La Robinson, Si Rogers, F Goodsir, Et Al
School of Biological and Marine Sciences
The Marine Strategy Framework Directive (MSFD) aims to achieve Good Environmental Status (GES) in Europe's Seas. The requirement for regional sea authorities to identify and prioritise issues for management has meant that standardized methods to assess the current level of departure from GES are needed. The methodology presented here provides a means by which existing information describing the status of ecosystem components of a regional sea can be used to determine the effort required to achieve GES. A risk assessment framework was developed to score departure from GES for 10 out of the 11 GES descriptors, based on proposed definitions …
Community Collaboration Through Sport: Bringing Schools Together., Tj Lynch
Community Collaboration Through Sport: Bringing Schools Together., Tj Lynch
Plymouth Institute of Education
The purpose of this paper/presentation is to share how sport was used to bridge the gap and build relationships between Monash University (Gippsland campus) pre-service education and six rural primary schools during semester one, 2012. Not only was sport used to build partnerships but also to deliver quality Health and Physical Education lessons, offering children sporting opportunities that they may otherwise not receive. The goals established at the Melbourne Declaration on Educational Goals for Young Australians (December, 2008) were “about equity and social justice and improved learning outcomes for our most disadvantaged and isolated students” (Ewing, 2010, p. 127). A …
The Effect Of Tenofovir On Vitamin D Metabolism In Hiv-Infected Adults Is Dependent On Sex And Ethnicity, Karen Klassen, Adrian R. Martineau, Robert J. Wilkinson, Graham Cooke, Alan P. Courtney, Mary Hickson
The Effect Of Tenofovir On Vitamin D Metabolism In Hiv-Infected Adults Is Dependent On Sex And Ethnicity, Karen Klassen, Adrian R. Martineau, Robert J. Wilkinson, Graham Cooke, Alan P. Courtney, Mary Hickson
School of Health Professions
No abstract provided.
Dialogues Between Physical And Digital Modelling Methods On Architectural Design, Aa Veliz Reyes, T Kocaturk, B Medjdoub, R Balbo
Dialogues Between Physical And Digital Modelling Methods On Architectural Design, Aa Veliz Reyes, T Kocaturk, B Medjdoub, R Balbo
School of Art, Design and Architecture
As the current digitally-mediated architectural practice evolves, architectural models, regardless of their expressiveness or type, are a way to craft the interaction between the designer and the designed object. Models become artefacts that engage on a continuous interaction with the designer via different media, interpretation and knowledge retrieval schemes, organizational fl ows and tools. These interactions have recently been facilitated by the use of physical and digital production and analysis methods. In this report, we introduce a novel understanding of the relationships between physical and digital modelling techniques. We propose an updated framework that allocates these relationships into four categories: …
Delivering Sustainable Buildings In Retail Construction, S Zainab, W Pan, S Goodhew
Delivering Sustainable Buildings In Retail Construction, S Zainab, W Pan, S Goodhew
School of Art, Design and Architecture
The demand for high performance 'green' or 'sustainable' buildings is becoming increasingly important in the retail industry. Large construction companies in this sector have started to show leadership by working with their customers and supply chains towards sustainability in both products and operations. However, it remains associated risks be minimised, in order to add value and differentiate the output of retail construction. This paper reviews the practice of sustainable buildings within the context of retail construction, and also explores how the UK mainstream retail sector is currently addressing the challenges of sustainable retail buildings. The arguments are informed by a …
Characterisation Of Friction And Lubrication Regimes In Premium Tubular Connections, F Stewart, Hr Le, Ja Williams, Et Al
Characterisation Of Friction And Lubrication Regimes In Premium Tubular Connections, F Stewart, Hr Le, Ja Williams, Et Al
School of Biological and Marine Sciences
A friction test rig has been developed to carry out repeated sliding friction tests for premium tubular connections. The test rig enables accurate measurement of friction in various contact regimes which are relevant to the threaded connections between tubular components. Higher load tests can simulate the contact in metal-to-metal seals under very high contact pressures by using perpendicular pin-on-pin tests. The contact in the thread loading flank under intermediate pressures can be simulated by using larger radius coupon-on-coupon tests. The measured coefficient of friction is well correlated with a lubrication parameter combining lubricant film thickness and initial surface roughness.
Real Time Ddos Detection Using Fuzzy Estimators, Sn Shiaeles, V Katos, As Karakos, Bk Papadopoulos
Real Time Ddos Detection Using Fuzzy Estimators, Sn Shiaeles, V Katos, As Karakos, Bk Papadopoulos
School of Engineering, Computing and Mathematics
We propose a method for DDoS detection by constructing a fuzzy estimator on the mean packet inter arrival times. We divided the problem into two challenges, the first being the actual detection of the DDoS event taking place and the second being the identification of the offending IP addresses. We have imposed strict real time constraints for the first challenge and more relaxed constraints for the identification of addresses. Through empirical evaluation we confirmed that the detection can be completed within improved real time limits and that by using fuzzy estimators instead of crisp statistical descriptors we can avoid the …
Sowfia Project - Work Package 3 Interim Report, D Magagna, D Greaves, D Conley, E Aires, Leitao J Chambel, M Witt, C Embling, Bj Godley, J-B Saulnier, H Mouslim, T Simas, Am O’Hagan, J O’Callaghan, B Holmes, J Sundberg, Y Torre-Enciso
Sowfia Project - Work Package 3 Interim Report, D Magagna, D Greaves, D Conley, E Aires, Leitao J Chambel, M Witt, C Embling, Bj Godley, J-B Saulnier, H Mouslim, T Simas, Am O’Hagan, J O’Callaghan, B Holmes, J Sundberg, Y Torre-Enciso
School of Engineering, Computing and Mathematics
No abstract provided.
Improvisation As Composition: Fixity Of Form And Collaborative Composition In Duke Ellington'sDiminuendo And Crescendo In Blue, K Williams
School of Law, Humanities and Social Sciences
Since the beginning of Duke Ellington's career as composer and leader of his own jazz orchestra in the 1920s, a common critical theme has been the comparison with European art music composers such as Delius and Debussy. Assertions such as Constant Lambert's 1934 statement that Duke Ellington set a standard by which we may judge. highbrow composers focused on the complex compositional devices in his output. Rather than restate these oft-cited judgements of Ellington's compositional style, this paper examines the intersection between the classical and jazz styles by analyzing typically improvised sections of Ellington's output. Consideration of the development of …
Swimming And Water Safety: Reaching All Children In Australian Primary Schools., Tj Lynch
Swimming And Water Safety: Reaching All Children In Australian Primary Schools., Tj Lynch
Plymouth Institute of Education
Data gathered indicate that reductions in annual Australian drowning fatalities for not only children, but people of all ages, have hit a plateau, and if anything, figures suggest that fatal drownings in recent years are on the increase. It is alarm- ing that figures are not falling despite the many well-developed swimming and water safety education programs available. The number of drowning deaths in Australia is regarded by governing bodies as far too many, hence it is proposed that the necessary changes required to further reduce drowning may involve teachers within primary schools being used more efficiently in the educational …
Propranolol Reduces Implicit Negative Racial Bias, S Terbeck, G Kahane, S Mctavish, Et Al
Propranolol Reduces Implicit Negative Racial Bias, S Terbeck, G Kahane, S Mctavish, Et Al
School of Psychology
Background Implicit negative attitudes towards other races are important in certain kinds of prejudicial social behaviour. Emotional mechanisms are thought to be involved in mediating implicit “outgroup” bias but there is little evidence concerning the underlying neurobiology. The aim of the present study was to examine the role of noradrenergic mechanisms in the generation of implicit racial attitudes. Methods Healthy volunteers (n = 36) of white ethnic origin, received a single oral dose of the β-adrenoceptor antagonist, propranolol (40 mg), in a randomised, double-blind, parallel group, placebo-controlled, design. Participants completed an explicit measure of prejudice and the racial implicit association …