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The Reaction Of Nitrogen Trichloride With Various Types Of Olefine Hydrocarbons, G. H. Coleman, A. W. Campbell, G. M. Mullins Jan 1925

The Reaction Of Nitrogen Trichloride With Various Types Of Olefine Hydrocarbons, G. H. Coleman, A. W. Campbell, G. M. Mullins

Proceedings of the Iowa Academy of Science

With styrene nitrogen trichloride forms l-chloro-2-phenyl-2-dichloroamino-ethane. When dry HCI is passed into a carbon tetrachloride solution of this compound l-chloro-2-phenyl-2-aminoethane and free chlorine are formed. Propene gives an analogous addition compound having similar properties. 2-Methyl propene and nitrogen trichloride react very rapidly to form ammonium chloride, nitrogen and chlorinated hydrocarbons. No stable addition product is formed in this reaction.

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Decomposition Of Hydrogen Bromide By Silent Electric Discharge, J. J. Canfield, Anson Hayes Jan 1925

Decomposition Of Hydrogen Bromide By Silent Electric Discharge, J. J. Canfield, Anson Hayes

Proceedings of the Iowa Academy of Science

Very few equilibria of gases under the influence of the silent electric discharges have been determined although a considerable number of experiments are recorded in the literature regarding its effect on certain reactions. In order to obtain more data on the chemical effect of the discharge through gases, so that generalizations of the action might be made, the gaseous equilibrium 2HBr →H2 + Br2 was determined.

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Certain Relationships Between Physical Conditions And Physiological Vigor, Ava L. Johnson Jan 1925

Certain Relationships Between Physical Conditions And Physiological Vigor, Ava L. Johnson

Proceedings of the Iowa Academy of Science

Data indicative of the physiological vigor expended by students was collected for fifty subjects who were classed in good physical condition on the basis of their physical examinations. The same data were acquired for fifty students whose examinations showed a poorer physical condition.

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Officers, Past Presidents, And Members, Iowa Academy Of Science Jan 1925

Officers, Past Presidents, And Members, Iowa Academy Of Science

Proceedings of the Iowa Academy of Science

No abstract provided.

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The Address Of The President - The Social Responsibility Of Science, Orrin H. Smith Jan 1925

The Address Of The President - The Social Responsibility Of Science, Orrin H. Smith

Proceedings of the Iowa Academy of Science

While the writer is aware of the fact that this organization is essentially a research institution he, with practically every other member of this academy, is aware also that there are other matters than research itself that bear directly or indirectly on it, and that are of vital significance and importance to its life and progress and perhaps even to its very existence. I refer to what might be called in a broad sense the social responsibility of science.

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Observations Of Some Biological Activities In Manure Composts, Alfred J. Englehorn Jan 1925

Observations Of Some Biological Activities In Manure Composts, Alfred J. Englehorn

Proceedings of the Iowa Academy of Science

Because of the importance of farm manures considerable attention has been paid from time to time to a study of some of the chemical and biological processes which take place during storage. Early references concerning the proper storage of manure can be found in the Roman literature notably that of Varro or of Columella. During the dark ages all agricultural investigations were dropped and were not revived until the middle of the nineteenth century. At this time the work of such investigators as Wagner, Moerker, Pfeiffer and Voelcker created a new interest in the chemical and biological processes which take …

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Effect Of Reaction On The Growth Of Yeasts, J. C. Weldin Jan 1925

Effect Of Reaction On The Growth Of Yeasts, J. C. Weldin

Proceedings of the Iowa Academy of Science

A study was made to determine the amounts of organic acids necessary to inhibit the growths of some yeasts isolated from bottled beverages. It was found that, in a medium containing the same amount of cane sugar used in bottled beverages (10%), with 0.1% peptone as a source of nitrogen and made solid with 2% agar agar, it was necessary to add sufficient acid to give a pH value of 3.3 to 2.6 in order to inhibit the growth of five strains of yeasts of variable sensitiveness. In a similar medium without the agag, acid to give a pH value …

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Bacterial Decomposition Of Sugars And Acids On A Trickling Filter, John H. Watkins Jan 1925

Bacterial Decomposition Of Sugars And Acids On A Trickling Filter, John H. Watkins

Proceedings of the Iowa Academy of Science

Organisms were isolated from activated sludge and a sprinkling filter utilized for creamy waste purification. Their ability to utilize sugar without acid production and to decompose lactic acid was studied. When inoculated into a medium consisting of 0.1% glucose, 0.075% (NH4)2, HPO4, and 0.02% KCl, adjusted to pH 6.4, growth without acid production occurred in eleven out of the thirty-nine organisms studied. With a similar medium, using lactose instead of glucose, growth with an absence of acid appeared in seventeen of thirty-nine organisms. Growth in most cases was slight, and but little of the …

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An Abortive Anther Of Lilium Formosum, Charles A. Hoffman Jan 1925

An Abortive Anther Of Lilium Formosum, Charles A. Hoffman

Proceedings of the Iowa Academy of Science

While preparing sections of an anther of Lilium Formosum for histological study it was noted that only two of the locules were at all normal. The remaining two, on the other side of the filament, contained no pollen-mother cells and were somewhat shriveled. Since this condition had not been encountered in any of the numerous anthers studied and seemed worthy of mention, the following study was made.

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Some Notes On Trickling Filters In The Purification Of Creamery Wastes, Max Levine Jan 1925

Some Notes On Trickling Filters In The Purification Of Creamery Wastes, Max Levine

Proceedings of the Iowa Academy of Science

Creamery wastes differ markedly from ordinary sewage in that a considerable portion (about 50%) of its organic content is the carbohydrate lactose. The acid produced by the anaerobic decomposition of the milk sugar markedly inhibits, and may completely prevent proteolysis thus seriously interfering with bacterial action in the septic tanks.

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Our Native Plants, L. H. Pammel Jan 1925

Our Native Plants, L. H. Pammel

Proceedings of the Iowa Academy of Science

The following articles are reprinted from several numbers of The Iowa Farmer and Horticulturist of 1853. This magazine was published in Burlington and Fairfield. The articles are contributed by Dr. L. H. Pammel. In your first number you give directions for preparing the garden, and sowing annual, biennial, and perennial seeds. It may not be generally known by your readers and our citizens that as beautiful plants are native to our woods and prairies, as can be found in any portion of the globe; and that they can be as easily and safely transplanted during the months of April and …

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Bacterial Activities In An Orchard Soil, Rudger H. Walker Jan 1925

Bacterial Activities In An Orchard Soil, Rudger H. Walker

Proceedings of the Iowa Academy of Science

One of the chief problems with which soils investigators have been concerned for a number of years is that of securing a laboratory test that will serve as an index to the fertility of the soil. In as much as nitrogen is so important an element in crop production it is believed that the power of the micro-organisms to oxidize the nitrogen of the soil would be an indication of the crop producing power of that soil. A very good review of the literature on this subject has been given by Waksman. (1) (2) After a detailed investigation of this …

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Some Amanitas From Eastern Iowa, G. W. Martin Jan 1925

Some Amanitas From Eastern Iowa, G. W. Martin

Proceedings of the Iowa Academy of Science

Amanita is a striking and clearly marked genus of the Agaricaceae or gill fungi, characterized by hyaline spores which are white in mass and by the possession of both an annulus and a volva. The volva, or cup at the base, is composed of the remnants of the outer or universal veil, a tissue which surrounds the young sporophore in the button stage and which is broken when the stipe elongates.

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Microsporogensis In Cucurbita Maxima, Edward F. Castetter Jan 1925

Microsporogensis In Cucurbita Maxima, Edward F. Castetter

Proceedings of the Iowa Academy of Science

A pure line of Hubbard squash was used for the investigation. In the development of the anther the pollen mother cells are formed from a single longitudinal row of cells of the primary sporogenous layer in each anther lobe. During early diakinesis a perinuclear zone is formed. From the perinuclear zone as well as from the interior of the nucleus fibers are formed which constitute the multipolar spindle. There are twenty bivalent chromosomes at the heterotypic division. Counts in root tip cell showed forty somatic chromosomes. During diakinesis a callose wall is secreted around the mother cell. When the heterotypic …

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Polariscopy Of Molybdatomalates, Launcelot W. Andrews Jan 1925

Polariscopy Of Molybdatomalates, Launcelot W. Andrews

Proceedings of the Iowa Academy of Science

The first extensive investigation into the behaviour toward polarized light of the complex compounds formed by the action of molybdates upon optically active, organic, oxy-acids is to be found in a series of papers by Gernez, since which the subject has attracted the attention of many other investigators.

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Nutritive Value Of Powered Milk Together With Observations For A New Vitamin For Reproduction, L. T. Anderegg, V. E. Nelson Jan 1925

Nutritive Value Of Powered Milk Together With Observations For A New Vitamin For Reproduction, L. T. Anderegg, V. E. Nelson

Proceedings of the Iowa Academy of Science

Feeding experiments with rats revealed that the whole milk powder employed was adequate as a source of protein and vitamins for growth, reproduction, and rearing of young to the fourth generation. On similarly composed diets wherein skimmed milk powder (and butter fat) was employed in place of whole milk powder, there was marked interference with reproduction. Addition of either wheat embryo or yeast enhanced the nutritive value of the diet but did not make it optimum. Particularly, when added cod liver oil served as a source of some of the vitamins, decomposition products were observed when the diet was stored …

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The Uranato-Malate Complex, Launcelot W. Andrews Jan 1925

The Uranato-Malate Complex, Launcelot W. Andrews

Proceedings of the Iowa Academy of Science

The initial object of this research was the elaboration of an exact polariscopic method for the analytical determination of malic acid. The results, however, turned out to have a wider interest. A number of years ago, Walden called attention to the fact that uranyl salts enhance in a remarkable degree the optical rotation of optically active organic compounds of certain classes, particularly of polybasic oxyacids of the aliphatic series. This enhancement does not extend to carbohydrates in a degree sufficient to interfere appreciably, according to observations of Grossmann and others. Yoder has laid the foundation of an analytical method based …

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Cod Liver Oil As A Source Of Vitamin A, Georgian Adams, L. T. Anderegg, V. E. Nelson Jan 1925

Cod Liver Oil As A Source Of Vitamin A, Georgian Adams, L. T. Anderegg, V. E. Nelson

Proceedings of the Iowa Academy of Science

In the course of experiments having for their object the study of the properties of vitamin A with a view to its isolation, certain observations were made concerning the behavior of animals on various rations containing cod liver oil. It was noted that different samples of cod liver oil apparently vary markedly in vitamin A potency. Xerophthalmia has been produced in rats on diets containing as much as 3 per cent of cod liver oil. Synthetic rations containing cod liver oil evolve a penetrating odor resembling acrolein. When the cod liver oil is replaced with butter fat, this odor is …

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Some Dolomites, Nicholas Knight Jan 1925

Some Dolomites, Nicholas Knight

Proceedings of the Iowa Academy of Science

We have continued the study of so-called dolomite rocks from different localities to learn the variation in the composition of such rocks. One specimen from a deep well boring at Mason City, Iowa, that was supposed to be limestone proved to be nearly a typical dolomite. The composition of the fifteen specimens we have examined, corresponds to our past experience that specimens of rock called dolomites vary in rather wide limits. 43. The action of certain-The oxidation of sulfite in acid solution by dichromate, bromate and permanganate was found to be incomplete, the oxidant used being several per cent short …

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Microstructure Of Plant Films, H. L. Maxwell Jan 1925

Microstructure Of Plant Films, H. L. Maxwell

Proceedings of the Iowa Academy of Science

Methods of preparing paint films for microscopic examinations are discussed. The general effect of composition on pigment distribution is outlined. The distribution of pigment particles in the film is determined by selected stains and illustrated by photomicrographs. Lantern is used.

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Bromination Of Methyl-4-Acetylaminophenyl Ketone, L. Chas. Raiford, H. L. Davis Jan 1925

Bromination Of Methyl-4-Acetylaminophenyl Ketone, L. Chas. Raiford, H. L. Davis

Proceedings of the Iowa Academy of Science

Bromination of a water or acetic acid solution of methyl-2-acetylaminophenyl ketone gives a nuclear substitution product ; with dry material or in the presence of concentrated sulfuric acid, halogen enters the side chain, Baeyer and Bloem [Ber., 17, 963 (1884)]. With methyl-4-acetylaminophenyl ketone it has been found in this laboratory that the highest yield of nuclear bromide is obtained by allowing 1.84 molecular proportions of bromine, dissolved in 19.8 volumes of glacial acetic acid to drop during a period of twenty minutes into a solution containing one molecular proportion of the ketone dissolved in 20 times its weight of 50% …

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The Effect Of Temperature And Solvent On Nitrogen Trichloride Additions; Acetylene Hydrocarbons And Nitrogen Trichloride, G. H. Coleman, C. N. Owen, J. A. Rodriguez Jan 1925

The Effect Of Temperature And Solvent On Nitrogen Trichloride Additions; Acetylene Hydrocarbons And Nitrogen Trichloride, G. H. Coleman, C. N. Owen, J. A. Rodriguez

Proceedings of the Iowa Academy of Science

The yield of the addition product of NCl3 and 2-butene increases with a decrease in the temperature at which the reaction is carried out, the best yields being obtained at about -20° C. At temperatures much below this, the reaction is very slow. The yields are better with carbon tetrachloride as the solvent than with the other solvents used. Acetylene hydrocarbons react with nitrogen trichloride forming nitrogen and ammonium chloride. Only traces of an amine are obtained.

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Scale Formation In Water Cooling System Of Refrigerating Machines, Edward Bartow Jan 1925

Scale Formation In Water Cooling System Of Refrigerating Machines, Edward Bartow

Proceedings of the Iowa Academy of Science

The overflow pipe from the cooling apparatus of a refrigerating machine at the State University of Iowa became completely clogged with scale in three weeks’ time. Investigation by analysis of the scale and water showed the precipitation to be due to an ammonia leak. The ammonia reacting with the CO2 and the Bicarbonate of Ca, caused the heavy precipitation of practically pure CaCO3.

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The Preparation Of Pure Di-Isobutyl, H. F. Lewis, J. Wesley Fleming Jan 1925

The Preparation Of Pure Di-Isobutyl, H. F. Lewis, J. Wesley Fleming

Proceedings of the Iowa Academy of Science

The preparation of pure 2, 5 dimethyl hexane by means of the Wurtz reaction has been studied and the results show a number of interesting things. One is that the presence of solvent slows down the time of reaction so much as to produce practically none of the desired substance. In the second place, it has been shown that the iso-butyl bromide can be mixed directly with sodium under conditions which will permit of refluxing. In a short time as indicated by the reflux temperature, the reaction is practically complete and yields nearly quantitative are obtained. There is a loss …

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Systems Formed By Certain Inorganic Compounds With Liquid Sulphur Dioxide, Howard T. Beach, P. A. Bond Jan 1925

Systems Formed By Certain Inorganic Compounds With Liquid Sulphur Dioxide, Howard T. Beach, P. A. Bond

Proceedings of the Iowa Academy of Science

The solubility relationships of the liquid tetrahalide compounds with sulphur dioxide are investigated. Tin tetrabromide, carbon tetrachloride, and titanium tetrachloride all give binary liquid systems at certain temperatures and concentrations. Tin tetrachloride normally shows the solid liquid solubility effect, but mixtures can be supercooled to give a metastable binary liquid system. Tin tetraiodide shows ordinary solid liquid solubility effect with probable compound formation. The temperature-composition diagrams are presented and discussed. Methods are developed for handling these compounds, which hydrolyze easily in ordinary air. Theoretical aspects of the problem are now under consideration.

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A Comparison Of The Food Value Of Iowa Winter Apples, Paul Warner Frisk Jan 1925

A Comparison Of The Food Value Of Iowa Winter Apples, Paul Warner Frisk

Proceedings of the Iowa Academy of Science

This paper concerns the study of the food value of five typical varieties of Iowa winter apples grown under scientific methods. A search of the literature reveals no work upon this subject, therefore a series of experiments including analysis were carried out to determine variations of food value, if any in apples treated by horticulture methods. The variations chosen were recommended by the fruit growers as the most important varieties. Samples of each of these varieties were carefully taken and analyzed by standard methods of analyses. Results carefully tabulated. Several of the food constituents in the table show a variation …

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Stone Axes From Adel, James H. Lees Jan 1925

Stone Axes From Adel, James H. Lees

Proceedings of the Iowa Academy of Science

Last fall (1924) while a workman at the plant of the Adel Clay Products Company was digging a trench at the south edge of the shale pit he uncovered three stone objects having the general shape of so-called Indian axes. During the following winter Mr. H. R. Straight of the Company while in Washington, D.C., took the two smaller stones to the Smithsonian Institution and submitted them to inspection by Drs. J. W. Fewkes and Neil M. Judd. They pronounced them to be genuine artifacts and requested Dr. J. W. Gidley of the National Museum to go to Adel and …

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The Indians Of The Fort Apache Region, Albert B. Reagan Jan 1925

The Indians Of The Fort Apache Region, Albert B. Reagan

Proceedings of the Iowa Academy of Science

The Fort Apache region is the present home of the White Mountain Apache and San Carlos Indians, a branch of the Athapascan family. They call themselves Dine' or Incle ', meaning "the people." At the present time the White Mountain Apache Indians are under the Fort Apache Agency and the San Carlos Apaches under the San Carlos Agency.

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The Occurrence Of Caliche In Oklahoma, John T. Lonsdale Jan 1925

The Occurrence Of Caliche In Oklahoma, John T. Lonsdale

Proceedings of the Iowa Academy of Science

The word caliche has been used for many years in the southwestern part of our country to designate the layer of calcareous material which lies just below the surface over wide areas in New Mexico, Arizona, Texas and Oklahoma. This material is essentially n impure limestone, one to twenty feet thick, buff to white in color, showing in places a fine horizontal lamination. Many local names, such as marl, rim rock, gyp, indurated clay, and caprock have been used in connection with it but because of the general use of the term caliche in the southwest, where the material is …

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Physical Features Of The Hawaiian Islands, Chester K. Wentworth Jan 1925

Physical Features Of The Hawaiian Islands, Chester K. Wentworth

Proceedings of the Iowa Academy of Science

The territory of Hawaii consists of eight principal islands of a total area of about 6460 square miles. They are the emergent peaks of a range of volcanic mountains some of which rise to over thirty thousand feet above the floor of the ocean and nearly half as much above the level of the sea. Considered from the ocean floor the Hawaiian range is of about the same length and breadth as the Alps and its summit peaks are nearly twice as high as any in the Alps. Although the area rising to fifteen thousand feet above the general level …

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