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Mineral Analysis Of Steffen's Waste From The Manufacture Of Beet Sugar, Edward Bartow, H. M. Benninghoff Jan 1932

Mineral Analysis Of Steffen's Waste From The Manufacture Of Beet Sugar, Edward Bartow, H. M. Benninghoff

Proceedings of the Iowa Academy of Science

The beet molasses or mother liquor from the crystallization of sugar in the beet sugar industry contains considerable sucrose due to the presence of non-sugars which affect the solubility. It has been shown that the presence of these non-sugars tends to hold more sucrose in solution than if the solution were sugar only. The separation of this residual dissolved sucrose is accomplished by the addition of lime. The insoluble precipitate, tri-calcium saccharate 3CaO.C12H22O11.4H2O is removed by filtration and converted into sugar by treatment with water and carbon dioxide and subsequent concentration. The …

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The Solubilities And The Activity Coefficients Of The Three Nitroanilines In Aqueous Solutions Of Typical Salts At 85°, J. N. Pearce, L. J. Garwood Jan 1932

The Solubilities And The Activity Coefficients Of The Three Nitroanilines In Aqueous Solutions Of Typical Salts At 85°, J. N. Pearce, L. J. Garwood

Proceedings of the Iowa Academy of Science

The solubilities of the three nitroanilines in water and in solutions of sodium chloride, barium chloride, potassium sulfate and magnesium sulfate have been determined at 25°. The method involved the reduction and the determination of the excess titanous chloride by titration with a standard solution of ferric alum.

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The Role Of Copper In Hemoglobin Regeneration, H. L. Keil, V. E. Nelson Jan 1932

The Role Of Copper In Hemoglobin Regeneration, H. L. Keil, V. E. Nelson

Proceedings of the Iowa Academy of Science

During the past few years a considerable amount of investigation has been devoted to the part played by copper in hemoglobin formation. Hart, Steenbock, Waddell, and Elvehjem were the first to show that in nutritional anemia regeneration of hemoglobin does not occur when pure iron salts are administered, but if a small amount of copper as copper sulphate be added along with the iron salt regeneration is very rapid.

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Vegetable Lecithin As An Antioxidant, E. W. Kochenderfer, H. Gregg Smith Jan 1932

Vegetable Lecithin As An Antioxidant, E. W. Kochenderfer, H. Gregg Smith

Proceedings of the Iowa Academy of Science

Vegetable lecithins have been recommended for use as antioxygenic or stabilizing substances to delay rancidity in fats and oils, although complete experimental evidence as to their efficacy is lacking. Measuring the induction period of the oxidation of lard by means of the oven-test, two commercial samples of soy-bean lecithin were shown to be weak antioxidants, having indices of 1.7 and 1.8 respectively.

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The Oxidation Of Citric Acid, Adrian C. Kuyper Jan 1932

The Oxidation Of Citric Acid, Adrian C. Kuyper

Proceedings of the Iowa Academy of Science

In the recent gasometric micro method for the determination of lactic acid in blood devised by Avery and Hastings which measures the carbon dioxide evolved upon oxidation with permanganate, these investigators obtained more carbon dioxide than could be accounted for by the lactic acid known to be present. No other likely constituents of their blood filtrate yielded carbon dioxide and the source of this extra carbon dioxide was not explained.

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Nuclear Condensations Of Furan, Henry Gilman, B. L. Wooley, R. J. Vanderwal Jan 1932

Nuclear Condensations Of Furan, Henry Gilman, B. L. Wooley, R. J. Vanderwal

Proceedings of the Iowa Academy of Science

In connection with studies on orientation of furan and the synthesis of beta-substituted furans, condensation reactions have been effected with diazomethane, aryl-diazonium compounds, diazoacetic ester and related types with furan and its derivatives. The condensations in some cases are preceded by 1,2- and 1,4- additions. It appears that the difficulty in preparing simple furan-diazonium compounds is due, in part, to the ready coupling reaction of the diazonium group with the furan nucleus.

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Furan Arsenicals, Henry Gilman, Willard H. Kirkpatrick Jan 1932

Furan Arsenicals, Henry Gilman, Willard H. Kirkpatrick

Proceedings of the Iowa Academy of Science

Furan arsenicals can be prepared by the interaction of furan mercurials and arsenic chloride. The reaction is capable of extensive application because of the availability of a miscellany of furan mercurials having the murcuri group both in the alpha- and beta positions. Another method involves the interaction of recently accessible furan Grignard reagents with arsenic halides.

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The Strengths Of Phenolic Ketimines And Their Methyl Ethers As Bases, J. B. Culbertson, Paul Bieber, Adolph Zavodsky Jan 1932

The Strengths Of Phenolic Ketimines And Their Methyl Ethers As Bases, J. B. Culbertson, Paul Bieber, Adolph Zavodsky

Proceedings of the Iowa Academy of Science

The ionization constants of the monohydroxy-diphenyl ketimines and their methyl ethers are calculated from measurements of the hydrogen ion concentration of aqueous solutions of their hydrochlorides through the use of the quinhydrone electrode. This data has been collected as a part of the information expected to throw light on the varied stability toward hydrolysis shown by different ketimines.

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The Preparation And Properties Of Furyl Phenyl Ketimine, J. B. Culbertson, Ben Davis Jan 1932

The Preparation And Properties Of Furyl Phenyl Ketimine, J. B. Culbertson, Ben Davis

Proceedings of the Iowa Academy of Science

This ketimine has been prepared through the condensation of furonitrile with magnesium phenyl bromide, followed by treatment with ice and ammonium chloride at about -15 degrees C. The hydrochloride, a white solid, is rather quickly hydrolyzed to the corresponding ketone, benzoyl furane. The velocity of this hydrolysis and the basic strength of the free ketimine base are determined.

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The Cedar Valley Limestone At Glory And At Waterloo, Iowa, L. W. Wood Jan 1932

The Cedar Valley Limestone At Glory And At Waterloo, Iowa, L. W. Wood

Proceedings of the Iowa Academy of Science

Recent quarry operations at Glory (N. E. ¼ Sec. 36 Spring Creek Twp., Black Hawk County, about 6 miles east of La Porte City) and in the north part of Waterloo (N. W. ¼ N. W. ¼ Sec. 14 East Waterloo Twp.) have brought to view excellent sections of the Cedar Valley Stage of the Devonian System of rocks. This paper describes the succession of strata found in each, and briefly summarizes the results of a considerable number of physical tests made on samples from them.

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New Data On The Upper Devonian Of Iowa, S. W. Stookey Jan 1932

New Data On The Upper Devonian Of Iowa, S. W. Stookey

Proceedings of the Iowa Academy of Science

A recently discovered exposure of fossiliferous beds of Upper Devonian age in Iowa County, Iowa, containing a rich and well preserved fauna, is believed to be of unusual interest and significance. These beds were uncovered by the road grader and extend along the north side of the road across Section 29, Amana Township, for a distance of about a mile. The exposure begins a few rods west of the limits of Middle Amana and with exception of two or three interruptions by ravines, is continuous to the point where it disappears under the Hohe Amana outlier of Des Moines sandstone. …

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A Note On A Fossil Elk's Head, E. J. Cable Jan 1932

A Note On A Fossil Elk's Head, E. J. Cable

Proceedings of the Iowa Academy of Science

In the summer of 1931, Mr. Williford of Waterloo called the writer's attention to a fossil elk's head which was found in a gravel pit in Riverside Addition about one-half mile back from the present course of the Cedar River.

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Ice Caves, John E. Smith Jan 1932

Ice Caves, John E. Smith

Proceedings of the Iowa Academy of Science

Ice caves are found in Eastern Oregon, Idaho, Pennsylvania, Iowa, and in other states. The caves are very long and narrow and have relatively small openings. Long, cold winters seem to be an essential also in most of them. The cold, heavy air fills the caves, and condenses the warmer, moist air below the freezing point, forming ice as the two diffuse slowly at the entrance. If the air chamber is large enough and the cave opening small enough, the diffusion and ice-forming will continue throughout the year, as in the cave in Bixby State Park. If not there will …

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The Story-Hamilton Artesian Area, John E. Smith Jan 1932

The Story-Hamilton Artesian Area, John E. Smith

Proceedings of the Iowa Academy of Science

This area extends along Keilley creek some ten miles and northward along Skunk River and Bear creek about the same distance from their confluence. In a marginal zone the water rises nearly to the surface but does not flow from the wells. This is a shallow well area, the depths being about sixty feet. The reservoir seems to be found in the floodplain gravels of one or more Pre-Wisconsin rivers whose valleys were partly filled with glacial till, tightly sealing the reservoir. Much water is being wasted through neglect to provide some of the wells with faucets. Some of the …

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Some Conics With Names, Roscoe Woods Jan 1932

Some Conics With Names, Roscoe Woods

Proceedings of the Iowa Academy of Science

Scattered through the field of elementary mathematics there are a number of conics which have received names. It is the purpose of this paper to group them together for reference. In the list that follows, the most common method of defining the curve is given and the given references are not necessarily the earliest reference. Articles have been selected as far as possible because they give a good discussion of the curve.

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A Sampling Test Of The Technique Of Analyzing Variance In A 2xn Table With Disproportionate Frequencies, Bernice Brown Jan 1932

A Sampling Test Of The Technique Of Analyzing Variance In A 2xn Table With Disproportionate Frequencies, Bernice Brown

Proceedings of the Iowa Academy of Science

The data used in this study are taken from the 1928 and 1929 records of the meat fed Wistar rats in the Animal Research Laboratory of the Foods and Nutrition Department at Iowa State College. The records of 149 animals were available, unequally divided as to sex, and including four generations. The weight of the animals at 28 days of age was recorded with the weight each week thereafter for six successive weeks.

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The Lighting Of A Home Under Various Color Conditions, William Kunerth, Kathryn C. Waldron Jan 1932

The Lighting Of A Home Under Various Color Conditions, William Kunerth, Kathryn C. Waldron

Proceedings of the Iowa Academy of Science

That a very marked difference is noticed in the ability and comfort with which one can see things in different homes, no one will doubt. This depends on the types of lamps and luminaires used, upon the wattage consumed, the color effect produced by colors of lamps and wall covering; and also on the reflection factors of walls and ceiling. It is on the last mentioned factor that we wish especially to dwell and for which we can give definite experimental data.

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A New Vaccum Type Mercury Still, L. E. Pinney Jan 1932

A New Vaccum Type Mercury Still, L. E. Pinney

Proceedings of the Iowa Academy of Science

The still consists of a compact single unit of Pyrex glass embodying a boiler, a water cooled condenser, and a receiver. Mercury can be poured from the receiver as required without disturbing the contents of the boiler.

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Thermoelectric Power In Bismuth Single Crystals In The Neighborhood Of The Melting Point, A. Soroos Jan 1932

Thermoelectric Power In Bismuth Single Crystals In The Neighborhood Of The Melting Point, A. Soroos

Proceedings of the Iowa Academy of Science

The thermoelectric power is determined directly and studied as a function of temperature for a range extending from several degrees below the melting point to a temperature well above the melting point. A transition region exists for about ten degrees above the melting point. This is taken as a definite indication of the persistence of a marked crystalline arrangement in the liquid near its freezing point.

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Resistivity Of Zinc Crystals, W. J. Poppy Jan 1932

Resistivity Of Zinc Crystals, W. J. Poppy

Proceedings of the Iowa Academy of Science

In an attempt to settle the discrepancy between the resistivity measurements of Bridgman on the one hand and Tyndall and Hoyem (Phys. Rev. 38, p. 820; 1931) on the other, single zinc crystals of one square cm. cross section and ten cm. long have been grown and measured. The results are in agreement with Tyndall and Hoyem. Present indications are that certain anomalous crystals (i.e. not truly single) have abnormally low resistivities and show great sensitivity to slight strain. The technique of growing these large crystals will be described.

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Variation Of Intensities Of The Visible And Of The Ultra Violet In Sunlight And In Skylight, William Kunerth, Russel D. Miller Jan 1932

Variation Of Intensities Of The Visible And Of The Ultra Violet In Sunlight And In Skylight, William Kunerth, Russel D. Miller

Proceedings of the Iowa Academy of Science

The amounts of radiations received from the sun at 42° N. latitude at various hours of the day throughout the year, both in the visible spectrum and in the ultra violet, were determined experimentally. Curves are plotted and tables are given to show what percent of the total comes from the sky alone in each of these regions of the spectrum. From these data, one may determine the relative amounts of ultra violet or visible radiations received at any two periods of the day or year either from sun and sky combined or from one of these alone.

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Mean Free Paths Of Gases, John A. Eldridge Jan 1932

Mean Free Paths Of Gases, John A. Eldridge

Proceedings of the Iowa Academy of Science

A molecular beam passes through a chamber enclosing gas at low pressure. The emergent beam is measured on a Pirani gauge. The question has been raised whether a collision in the classical sense has any meaning without specification of the angle of scattering considered. As a preliminary experiment it was determined that the molecules suffering very small deviations (less than a degree) were negligible in number. The mean free path of H2, He, N2, O2, molecules have been measured; in each case the values found are smaller (by several fold) than the values determined …

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The Measurement Of Filipino Attitudes Toward America By Use Of The Thurstone Techniques, Gertrude Hill Nystrom Jan 1932

The Measurement Of Filipino Attitudes Toward America By Use Of The Thurstone Techniques, Gertrude Hill Nystrom

Proceedings of the Iowa Academy of Science

The present study aims to measure the attitudes of Filipino students toward American life by use of the Thurstone technique. Current literature in the field of race relations was searched for suitable brief statements or comments on American life made by Filipino students. Such studies were examined as the Pacific Coast Race Relations Survey, Social Distance Studies, and unpublished reports of Oriental Student Conferences in the United States. These statements in turn were submitted and sorted by fifty Filipino students selected at random from the Directory of Filipino Students in the United States, 1931.

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The Relation Of Aptitude Test Data To Fall Quarter Grades - 998 Cases - Fall 1931, Lyle K. Henry Jan 1932

The Relation Of Aptitude Test Data To Fall Quarter Grades - 998 Cases - Fall 1931, Lyle K. Henry

Proceedings of the Iowa Academy of Science

This is a further study of the scholastic aptitude test which is given to entering students at Iowa State College. Research on this problem has been presented before the Academy of Science from time to time. Vance, in 1925, reported the correlations of parts of the test to quarter grades. In 1931, Cox, reporting on a revised form of the test, showed that tests 2 and 6, that is, tests on arithmetical reasoning and artificial language were most closely related with abilities in Chemistry, English and Mathematics as required of Freshman Engineers at Iowa State College.

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Incidence Of Colorblindness At Iowa State College, Martin F. Fritz Jan 1932

Incidence Of Colorblindness At Iowa State College, Martin F. Fritz

Proceedings of the Iowa Academy of Science

During the past two years 2,163 students at Iowa State College were tested for colorblindness by means of the Ishihara Test. All the tests were given individually by the writer at the time the students were given a physical examination. This investigation was made possible through the kindness and cooperation of Dr. J. F. Edwards and Dr. H. L. Johnston of the College Hospital staff.

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A Comparative Study Of The Digestive Systems Of Certain Teleosts With Special References To Carpoides Cyprines, W. W. Aitken Jan 1932

A Comparative Study Of The Digestive Systems Of Certain Teleosts With Special References To Carpoides Cyprines, W. W. Aitken

Proceedings of the Iowa Academy of Science

This article is a report of certain investigations being made in the Zoology Laboratories of the State University of Iowa, concerning the alimentation of some common Iowa fishes. The work includes both carnivorous and herbivorous types.

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Biology Courses In Fifty American Colleges, O. T. Walter Jan 1932

Biology Courses In Fifty American Colleges, O. T. Walter

Proceedings of the Iowa Academy of Science

This statistical study was prompted by a desire to know more definitely just what courses are being offered in the field of Biology; to gain a better understanding and appreciation of some of the varied problems which are common to the administrative heads of Biology departments; to offer a bird's eye view of curricular content to those students who are looking forward to teaching Biology or administering a department in some college devoted more exclusively to undergraduate rather than graduate study; and to obtain, with some degree of reliability, a standard of comparison for our own department.

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Some Dragonflies Of Northwest Iowa, Wilbur C. Yeager Jan 1932

Some Dragonflies Of Northwest Iowa, Wilbur C. Yeager

Proceedings of the Iowa Academy of Science

The summer of 193l was very dry in Northwest Iowa and many of the bayous or ox-bow lakes along the Missouri River became very shallow. This condition was favorable to the dragonfly and millions of them hovered over the stagnant water. One could not walk along the receding shores and escape being struck by the flying insects. The author decided to collect them and classify them to determine how many might be found in this region. Collection was begun on May 16 and continued until September 28 when most of the flies were gone. Thirteen species were found representing nine …

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Title Page Dec 1931

Title Page

Science Bulletin

A Service Bulletin for Teachers of High School Science.

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Current Induction, L. Begeman Dec 1931

Current Induction, L. Begeman

Science Bulletin

ln the last number of the Science Bulletin [vol.4 no.3] we discussed Faraday's two experiments in current induction. It is interesting to recall at this time that September 21 of this year a centennial celebration of Faraday's discovery was held in Queen's Hall, London. Sir William Bragg, a renowned English physicist, gave the address on this occasion. This address was broadcast generally in America, being transmitted across the ocean by radio.

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