Digital Commons Network^™

For Robert E. Lee, E. Culpepper Clark

Iowa Journal of Communication

I have taken liberties with Robert Edward Lee. Lee never gave Lincoln much thought, especially during the war. Moreover, Lee would not be inclined to introspection about the consequences of rhetoric. However, I have little doubt that he would endorse the sentiments in this letter to Mrs. Lee. The general was at Orange Courthouse on the evening of December 7, 1863. He was 56 years old. Not yet a demigod, he would later become "the marble man," a statuesque personification of the South as the Lost Cause.

For William Gwin, Arthur Quinn

Iowa Journal of Communication

William McKindree Gwin (1805-85), originally a political protege of Andrew Jackson, was a noted Southern moderate in the United States Senate during the 1850s. Having served in the House as a representative from Mississippi and then lost a bid for the Senate to Jefferson Davis in the 1840s, he migrated to California, quickly becoming one of its first senators and its most influential Democratic politician. In Congress, true to his Jacksonian roots, Gwin supported a strong national government and led efforts for a transcontinental railroad against the opposition of Southern sectionalists. Also committed to strict party discipline, he had risen …

For Salmon Chase, Kathleen Diffley

Iowa Journal of Communication

In the decade before the Civil War began, Salmon Portland Chase was instrumental in accelerating sectional tensions and driving the North and the South apart. When Stephen A. Douglas introduced the Kansas-Nebraska Bill in 1854 and thereby tied the fate of slavery in the territories to the vote of local residents, Chase was among the first to rouse the free North, to capitalize on fear of the Slave Power, and to prompt the formation of the Republican Party in a broadening antislavery campaign. Born in Hardscrabble, New Hampshire in 1808, Chase had been reared in Ohio where he eventually practiced …

For Pastor Joseph P. Thompson, Alan Lerstrom

Iowa Journal of Communication

Throughout the American Civil War the people of the North participated in lengthy disputes regarding the reasons for the fighting, the meaning of the war, and the ultimate objectives to be attained. In order to increase their sphere of influence many of the arguments were printed and distributed as pamphlets. By 1863 the Union League of Philadelphia, the Loyal Publication society (New York) and the New England Loyal Publication Society were sending pamphlets or broadsides and clippings to influential persons, editors, and soldiers in the field. During the three years of its existence the Loyal Publication Society published nearly nine …

For Dom Pedro Of Brazil, Monika Strom

Iowa Journal of Communication

In 1888 Brazil became the last state in the western hemisphere to abolish slavery, backbone of its economy for more than 350 years. While Emperor Pedro II was in Europe, Regent Princess Isabel, acting on her father's intentions and her own ardent beliefs, signed an emancipation proclamation, the "Lei Aurea." Pedro returned some months later to find the republican guard demanding his abdication, thus creating the Federative Republic of Brazil in a bloodless overthrow of the monarchy.

For Ida B. Wells, Theresa Nance

Iowa Journal of Communication

In her time, she was called the Black Joan of Arc, a crusader, a modern day Deborah. By the potency of her written word and vitality of her oratory, Ida B. Wells-Barnett brought the reality of racial violence in America to the attention of the nation and the world. It would be inaccurate, however, to simply call Ida B. Wells an anti-lynching crusader. She was much more. A fairer description would be that Ida B. Wells was an African-American woman who fought with strength and passion for the educational, economic and moral uplift of her race.

For Mary Church Terrell, Cynthia King

Iowa Journal of Communication

This statement reveals the underlying optimism which characterizes Mary Church Terrell's philosophy of social relations. Ironically, her vociferous criticisms of the unjust treatment accorded Afro-Americans often eclipsed her optimistic sentiments. Between 1892 and 1954 she used her significant oratorical and writing talents to decry oppressive racial practices in the United States, and to promote pride and self-respect among Afro-Americans.¹

For Franklin Delano Roosevelt, Robert Scott

Iowa Journal of Communication

"For the issue which [Lincoln] restated at Gettysburg will be the continuing issue before this Nation so long as we cling to the purposes for which the Nation was founded--to preserve under the changing conditions of each generation a people's government for the people's good."¹ Franklin D. Roosevelt spoke these words at Gettysburg, July 3, 1938. In that speech he did just about what any student of American public address would predict. He stressed the values of democracy and the constant struggle necessary to keep those values active. Given the place, the President could scarcely help associating himself with …

Back Matter - Back Cover

Iowa Journal of Communication

No abstract provided.

For Lucretia Coffin Mott, Jan Norton

Iowa Journal of Communication

By all accounts, Lucretia Mott (1793-1880) was an extraordinary person.¹ A Quaker and lay minister, a supporter of peace, the anti-slavery movement, the free religious movement, Indians, and women's rights, she worked most of her adult life on behalf of social reform and moral justice. She was often featured on public platforms that included the most important social activists and intellects of her day: William Lloyd Garrison, Wendell Phillips, Elizabeth Cady Stanton, Susan B. Anthony, Lucy Stone, William Henry Channing. The force of her leadership reached so far into the 20th-century that when the Equal Rights Amendment was introduced …

Interview With John Barth, Roland Sodowsky

Short Story

No abstract provided.

Elementary, Middle School, And Special Service Teachers’ Attitudes Toward School Psychologists And The Psychological Services They Provide, Terese L. Alexander

Dissertations and Theses @ UNI

Teachers' attitudes of school psychologists and the psychological services they provide have been under scrutiny since the inclusion of psychological services into the schools. Investigations of teacher attitudes imply that the working relationships between teachers and school psychologists are of considerable importance. In this study, 207 (elementary, middle school, content area, and special service teachers) from a state in the Midwest were surveyed regarding their attitudes toward school psychologists and the psychological services they provide. The survey used measured several aspects of teachers' perceptions of school psychologists' (a) level of training, (b) their effectiveness, (c) qualifications to perform certain tasks, …

Implications Of Teacher In-Service Training On Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Identification, Glenn Evan Haupt

Dissertations and Theses @ UNI

This study examined the impact of teacher in-service training on the ability of teachers to identify children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) in their classrooms. The subjects were 16 teachers from two small rural midwestern schools. All but one of the teachers were females, with a range in years of teaching experience from five through 30 years.

The intent of the study was to investigate if an ADHD in-service training program would have a beneficial effect on the ability of teachers to identify students in their classrooms with behaviors characteristic of ADHD. The subjects were split into two groups, …

A Comparison Of Wisc-R And Wj-R Vs. Cogatat And Itbs In Defining Severe Discrepancy In The Diagnosis Of Learning Disabilities, Martin Patrick Mccarthy

Dissertations and Theses @ UNI

A costly component of special education deals with the assessment and diagnosis of learning disabled students. This study considers the feasibility of replacing expensive, time consuming individual assessment procedures with group administered assessment procedures. IQ-achievement discrepancy scores generated by the WISC-R and WJ-R for 26 learning disabled students were compared to discrepancy scores generated by the CogAT and ITBS. Test data were retrieved from school records for third grade students identified as learning disabled within the 1991-1992 or 1992-1993 school years. ITBS scores were recorded for areas recognized by the WISC-R/WJ-R discrepancy scores. Discrepancy scores were generated in each of …

An Investigation Of Metaphorical Statements Of Preadolescents And Artists Who Journal, Ellen Barth

Dissertations and Theses @ UNI

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of literal and visual journaling on students' thoughts about artistic production. Participants were 40 sixth grade students enrolled in a private school program in the Midwest and two selected professional artists who used literal journaling to develop visual imagery. The theoretical frame drew upon Gardner's Theory of Multiple Intelligences (Gardner, 1983). The methodology relied on Borg and Gall's ( 1983) discussion of qualitative research design, Bradburn and Sudman's qualitative research methodology (1982), and Oppenheim's (1966) questionnaire design. The analysis of the data followed Kogan, Connor, Gross, and Fava's (1980) method …

The Impact Of Employee Pregnancy On Performance Appraisal Ratings And Salary Recommendations, Debra K. Kettner Damge

Dissertations and Theses @ UNI

This study explored the influence of pregnancy on evaluative ratings and recommendations of salary increase in a paper and pencil performance appraisal exercise. Research relating to the status of women in employment, the performance appraisal process, bias in employment decision making toward women and persons with disabilities, and reactions toward pregnancy was examined. It is suggested that women who experience pregnancy during employment, especially in male sex-typed fields, may be negatively evaluated and compensated, relative to women who experience non-sex-typed medical conditions. Subjects were members of a professional human resource association and undergraduate students majoring in business. Subjects were given …

Determining The Effects Of Environmental Issues Instruction On Iowa Teachers, Paul P. Torbert

Dissertations and Theses @ UNI

The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of the Environmental Issues Instruction (eii) program. The study utilized the pre-experimental one-group pre-test post-test survey design with a retrospective pre-test. Statistical analysis of four issue topics revealed 198 participants attained two-tailed probability levels less than the .01 level of significance. Analysis of teacher grade levels revealed kindergarten through eighth grade teachers attained two-tailed probability levels less than the .01 level of significance. Ninth through twelfth grade teachers also attained two-tailed probability levels less than the .01 level of significance with one exception. The researcher concludes that the Environmental Issues …

A Profile Of Susceptibility To Decompression Sickness Among Sport Divers In The Islands Of Micronesia, Timothy Lee Thompson

Dissertations and Theses @ UNI

The purpose of this study was to develop a profile of sport divers' susceptibility to decompression sickness in the islands of Micronesia. Results of this study are based on demographic data from accident reports related to decompression sickness that were collected and analyzed from January 1, 1988 to December 31, 1992. Data related to eight variables were analyzed to construct a divers' susceptibility profile which will assist dive instructors, charter operations, and dive industry personnel in briefing the diving public about safe diving practices. They included the gender of the divers, age of the divers, residence, computer or dive table …

Ritual As Constructor Of Reality In Mexican Families, Mario Andujo-Licón

Dissertations and Theses @ UNI

The purposes of the present research are: {a) to discover the patterns of communication involved with rituals in the Mexican family, {b) to describe the function of ritual in the construction of reality, (c) to research the functions of ritual in the Mexican family, and (d) to determine the concept of family in the Mexican middle class. The data for this research were obtained using field research methods (interviews and observations), with 10 middle-class Mexican families from Chihuahua, Chihuahua. In this research, it was possible to observe two kinds of rituals: rituals by function and rituals by time. The first …

Fourth Grade Regular Education Teachers' Perceptions Of Iowa's Rsds: A Replication Study, Sharon Kay Petersburg

Dissertations and Theses @ UNI

The purpose of this study was to gather descriptive information about fourth grade regular education teachers' current perceptions of Iowa's RSDS, and to compare their perceptions to those reported in Bone's (1991) study. The sample consisted of 51 fourth grade regular education teachers from districts served by four Area Education Agencies. The subjects provided demographic information, completed a 22 item self-report questionnaire, and provided written responses to seven open-ended questions. Responses to the questionnaire were analyzed using frequency distributions for each AEA. The responses to the open-ended questions were analyzed qualitatively. The results of the study indicate that fourth grade …

There's No Place To Call Home: Behaviorally Disordered Students' Perceptions Of Special Education And Reintegration, Patricia Ann Gaines

Dissertations and Theses @ UNI

In this study, I explored behaviorally disordered students' perceptions of special education and reintegration. I generated data from semi-structured interviews of three behaviorally disordered students and observations of them in their regular classes. The data revealed that these students grappled with the perceived tradeoff between the advantages and disadvantages of their special education versus regular education placement. Once they were perceived by school personnel to possess differences that made a difference, they found "asylum" in special education. The results of the study indicate that the three participants perceived special education placement to be helpful to them; however, each indicated that …

Group Art Therapy In School Counseling, Janet G. Soldwish

Graduate Research Papers

Art helps children develop more intentional action, more awareness of who they are, more sensitivity in how they affect others, and more responsibility for their actions (McNiff, 1988). Children meet some of their needs for expression and self-definition through the manipulation of art materials and their development of the creative process (Congdon, 1990; Rubin, 1984). The universality of art and its ability to relate one human to another through the visual form is important for children (Ryder, 1987).

Perceptions Of Physical Attractiveness And Attitudes Towards Hiv For Portrayals Of Gay, Straight, Hiv-Positive, And Hiv-Negative Individuals, Matt Hobson

Dissertations and Theses @ UNI

The purpose of this study was to determine if knowledge of a male or female individual's sexual orientation and HIV status was an indicator of perceived attractiveness and social acceptance by college students. A male and female actor were recruited to film short videos portraying either gay or straight and either HIV-positive or HIV-negative individuals. The eight separate videos were then observed by eight randomly selected groups of college students in human sexuality classes. It was hypothesized that the video subjects perceived to be either gay or HIV-positive would be perceived as being less attractive and that college students who …

A Descriptive Study Identifying Leisure Pursuits And Job Satisfaction Among Human Service Personnel, Terry Hendershott

Dissertations and Theses @ UNI

No abstract provided.

Knowledge Of Performance Presented By Visual Graphic Kinematic Information, Dana Lynn Lichty

Dissertations and Theses @ UNI

Some form of information feedback is considered to be critical in the acquisition of a motor skill (Adams, 1971; Adams, Goetz, & Marshall, 1972; Bilodeau, 1966; Bilodeau, Bilodeau, & Schumsky, 1959). Information feedback provides the learner with information regarding the effectiveness of the response. Bilodeau (1966) defines information feedback 1 as an independent variable which communicates any discrepancy between a response made and the required response. This information can be received either intrinsically or extrinsically.

Acceptance Of Persons With Mental Illnesses: Labeling Effects And Sex Differences, Laura J. Anderson

Dissertations and Theses @ UNI

The purpose of this study was to assess the impact of a label per se on the acceptance of persons with mental illnesses. The design was a two (Sex of Subject) by two (Sex of Vignette Character) by two (Label of Mental Illness versus Label of No Mental Illness) factorial design. Sixty male and 72 female undergraduates participated. Each subject read one of four vignettes which provided a mildly positive description of an individual who was either male or female and who either had or did not have a label of mental illness. The vignettes were identical except for manipulation …

Connexin Expression During Heart Development In The Chick Embryo, Lisa Jo Jensen

Dissertations and Theses @ UNI

Gap junctions are thought to be important during development because they interconnect cells for communication via signaling molecules. In the developmental process, the heart is coupled via gap junctions. The heart has many migratory, proliferative, and differentiation events in which gap junctions may serve a central role in development. The goal of this study was to measure the connexin levels throughout selected stages of cardiac development and to ascertain the normal connexin levels to use as comparisons in experimental systems such as microgravity. This study measured the amount of connexin protein in the embryonic heart at 1.5-, 2-, 3-, 4-, …

A Study To Identify Selected Factors Affecting The Implementation Of Computer-Aided Design And Drafting In Industrial Technology Baccalaureate Programs, Tsung-Juang Wang

Dissertations and Theses @ UNI

The purpose of the study was to identify and analyze selected factors affecting the present status of Computer Aided Drafting and Design (CADD) and those factors which were needed to reach a desired level of CADD implementation in Industrial Technology Baccalaureate Programs (ITBPs) in the United States. The intent of this study was to identify and analyze selected factors which facilitate the implementation of CADD in ITBPs within the United States.

One hundred and sixty-four ITBPs institutions from the 1992 National Association of Industrial Technology (NAIT) Directory were used for participation in this study. A questionnaire identifying both current and …

Secondary And Postsecondary Vocational Education Curriculum Articulation As Perceived By Community College And High School Administrators, John W. Sorenson

Dissertations and Theses @ UNI

The transition of the vocational student from the secondary school to the community college may result in unnecessary duplication of educational resources and curriculum, and can cause the student to waste time, effort, and lose motivation (Whitlock, 1978). Curriculum articulation is a significant approach to solving these problems (Hull & Parnell, 1991). The purpose of the study was two-fold: (a) to investigate the perceptions of community college and high school administrators regarding ideal and actual vocational articulation practices, and (b) to investigate the differences of perceptions to determine if differences were a function of administrative position.

The High School-Community College …

The Gifted/Learning Disabled Student: A Contradiction In The Classroom, Caroline M. Bredekamp

Graduate Research Papers

The following study is a review of current literature concerning identification processes, as well as a delineation of appropriate learning strategies for gifted/learning disabled students. The analysis continues with an examination of the needs of a potentially gifted/learning disabled student. Throughout his academic career, the subject of this analysis experienced difficulties in school. Despite his high intelligence, he did not achieve academically according to either grade level testing or batteries measuring personal aptitude. The resulting combination of the review of literature and the student analysis produces, from the viewpoint of best recommended practice, suggested strategies for educators teaching paradoxical learners. …