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Cod Liver Oil As A Source Of Vitamin A, Georgian Adams, L. T. Anderegg, V. E. Nelson

Proceedings of the Iowa Academy of Science

In the course of experiments having for their object the study of the properties of vitamin A with a view to its isolation, certain observations were made concerning the behavior of animals on various rations containing cod liver oil. It was noted that different samples of cod liver oil apparently vary markedly in vitamin A potency. Xerophthalmia has been produced in rats on diets containing as much as 3 per cent of cod liver oil. Synthetic rations containing cod liver oil evolve a penetrating odor resembling acrolein. When the cod liver oil is replaced with butter fat, this odor is …

Involuntary Tongue Movements Under Varying Stimuli, M. George Scheck

Proceedings of the Iowa Academy of Science

The investigation of involuntary speech movements is a study which has many points of contact. At one extreme there is the attempt to disprove the theory of "imageless-thot" by demonstrating that movements of subvocal articulation are, under normal conditions, always present, and that one may therefore assume the presence of kinesthetic sensations, resulting from such movements. If the movements themselves are so much a part of the thot processes, it is probable that images of a knesthetic-verbal type should accompany them likewise. So, if no concrete visual, auditory, or motor imagery need be present in thinking, at least imagery of …

Conditioning The Sexual Instinct In The Albino Rat, H. R. Fossler

Proceedings of the Iowa Academy of Science

No abstract provided.

Sound Localization: A Comparison Of Methods, C. A. Ruckmick

Proceedings of the Iowa Academy of Science

While there has been much experimental investigation f the factors involved in sound localization, few studies have actually tested out the methods used for obtaining the results. The chief concern in recent years has been about the physical criteria which determine localization, but lately also the subjective conditions under which observations have taken place have been discussed and investigated. So theoretically, at least, we are again reminded of the truism that results depend upon the methods used as well as upon the more obvious environmental influences. Facts are often functions of procedures.

An Ecological Survey, As A Means Of Obtaining A Background For Certain Morphological Problems, David T. Jones

Proceedings of the Iowa Academy of Science

The dissection of a specimen in the laboratory needs to be supplemented by a stimulating and enriching background gained in the field. Structure is to a greater or less degree associated with function, and, disregarding the disputed effect of environment upon heredity, changes in environment can modify the functioning of somatic structures in the lifetime of a single individual. Furthermore, a morphologist, who supplements his laboratory work with ecological observation, has the pleasure of seeing in action the structures with which he works, gains the perspective which his problem should have with other problems, and discovers further channels for research …

Protein Requirements Of Lactating Sows With Litters, Q. W. Wallace, John M. Evvard

Proceedings of the Iowa Academy of Science

A number of experiments with lactating sows carried on various rations during the suckling period and continued until the pigs were 60 days old were conducted in the lactating sows with litter project at the Iowa Agricultural Experiment Station.

Vitamin A And Longevity, J. H. Hansbrough, V. E. Nelson, E. I. Fulmer

Proceedings of the Iowa Academy of Science

Experiments have been conducted to determine if protein, minerals and vitamin A are of equal importance for prolongation of life. One group of rats was fed on white corn alone. White corn is known to be deficient in protein, vitamin A and minerals. Rats on the above diet lived an average of 72 days. A second group of rats received a diet consisting of white corn 88 per cent together with casein 12 per cent. They lived an average of 75 days. A third group of rats received white corn 98 per cent, and 5 per cent of salt mixture. …

The Trapezius Muscle Of The Ganoid Fishes, H. W. Norris

Proceedings of the Iowa Academy of Science

119. The trapezius

There has been much uncertainty as to the occurrence of a trapezius muscle in the ganoids. Two distinct muscles have caused confusion - a levator of the fifth branchial arch and a true trapezius; both present in Amia (and probably in Polypterus Allis), but the trapezius vestigial. In Lepidosteus a functional trapezius occurs in the same relative position as the vestigial one in Amia. In Polyodon, Scaphirhynchus and Acipenser the trapezius is functional and is innervated by a branch of the ramus lateralis vagi that enters the latter from the vagus proper near …

The Preparation Of Activated Carbon Form Furfural Residues, Galen Hunt

Proceedings of the Iowa Academy of Science

This method has been developed to utilize the residues from the manufacture of furfural by acid treatment of corn cobs or oat hulls. The residue is mixed with 7.5% by wt. ZnO and 70% HCl (Sp Gr 1.20) and allowed to stand 24 hours. It is then dried and destructively distilled at 550°C. The ash is leached out with 1% HCl and the char dried and heated to 850°C. Treatment yields a char which is the equal of any vegetable char now on the market.

Iodine, A Factor In Feeding Young Growing Swine, John M. Evvard, C. C. Culbertson

Proceedings of the Iowa Academy of Science

Iodine is now generally believed to be absolutely essential for the proper growth and development of the mammalian organism, and its use in animal feeding is becoming more and more general, particularly in goitrous regions.

The Orientation Of Buildings On The Basis Of Sunlight, Wm. Kunerth

Proceedings of the Iowa Academy of Science

The value of sunlight to both animal and vegetable kingdom has always been recognized, but very often not fully appreciated. We know that it is beneficial to get much sunlight, but very few of us know just how much we are getting under any one set of conditions, nor do we know whether we are getting more of less than under another set of conditions. It was with this in mind, that it seemed desirable to ascertain the relative amounts of direct sunlight entering a vertical window when the window was facing in one direction in one case and in …

The Effect Of Vitamin Deficiency On Blood Pressure In Rats, H. B. Cook, F. M. Baldwin

Proceedings of the Iowa Academy of Science

After devising a very delicate, modified recording mercury manometer, it was found possible to obtain direct blood pressure curves from the abdominal aorta of anaesthetised rats, previously fed upon specific normal and vitamin deficient diets and thus make comparisons. About 75 animals were used, one-half of this number being normals to check about equally against A and B deficient animals. The records from 22 normals, on growing rations, showed an average of 84 mm. Hg, with the exception of one extremely high and one extremely low figure. The majority were close to the general average. This figure is strikingly close …

Table Of Contents

Proceedings of the Iowa Academy of Science

No abstract provided.

The Address Of The President - A Century Of Botany In Iowa, L. H. Pammel

Proceedings of the Iowa Academy of Science

A Century of Botany-It is certainly a pleasure to greet you here on this occasion, especially so, because of the nature of the honorable work performed by the scientists of the State of Iowa. It is customary for the retiring president to deliver an address of some kind. In looking over topics which have been chosen by various retiring presidents I find such titles as "Local Problems in Science," "What We Have Been Doing," "The Academy and the People," "Science of One Hundred Years Ago," "Some Problems of Heredity and Evolution," "Two Centuries of North American Lichenology," "Botany in Its …

A Method Of Measuring Rates Of Corrosion Of Iron In The Presence Of Carbon Dioxide And Air And The Influence Of Electrical Potentials On Such Rates, Anson Hayes, E. Lee Henderson, C. E. Staneart, G. H. Brodie

Proceedings of the Iowa Academy of Science

The method consists in subjecting cylindrical samples of 4ft. by 1/10 ft. wrought iron to the action of water saturated with the gas mixture. The water and gas are passed through the cell at such a rate as to insure a constant and known composition. A precision of 5% is obtained in runs of 48 hours duration. 4% CO₂ mixed with air dissolves 1 gram of iron per square centimeter of exposed surface in 735 days while it required 1927 days with air alone. A fall of 25/100 millivolt per centimeter increased the rate of corrosion 28%. 25/1000 millivolt …

New Measurements In The Process Of Reading, E. O. Finkenbinder

Proceedings of the Iowa Academy of Science

The lectometer is a special form of tachistoscope which provides a connection with a chronoscope. Through an open, adjustable sector of a rotating disc is presented material for reading. Just as the view is shut off a small arm attached to the spindle of the disc dips into mercury, thus completing an electric circuit which sets the chronoscope into action. The observer reads into a voice key which stops the chronoscope and gives the time to the thousandth of a second it takes him to know and say what he had observed during the short view.

The Epizoology Of An Outbreak Of Anthrax In Iowa, Charles D. Rice

Proceedings of the Iowa Academy of Science

On July the twenty-first, 1923, a shipment of cows and calves from Bone Steel, South Dakota arrived in Battle Creek, Iowa. Two cows were dead in one car and were removed by the rendering plant employee, the rest of the herd were taken to The United Farms, two days later three head died and were skinned. The manager refused to allow the carcasses to be fed to the hogs.

Index

Proceedings of the Iowa Academy of Science

No abstract provided.

Proceedings Of The Thirty-Eighth Annual Meeting Of The Iowa Academy Of Science, Held At Ames, May 2 And 3, 1924: Minutes Of The Meeting; Staff & Committee Reports

Proceedings of the Iowa Academy of Science

No abstract provided.

The Iowa Academy Of Science (Paper Presented At The Thirty-Eighth Annual Meeting Of The Iowa Academy Of Science), D. S. Fairchild

Proceedings of the Iowa Academy of Science

In the early days of Iowa, not pioneer days, or building home days, but after homes had been assured, educational interests began to develop. As early as 1872 our higher institutions of learning, the Iowa State University at Iowa City and the Iowa State College at Ames, had but small facilities and the men teaching different branches, to a degree, confined their work to a specialty. There were no professors teaching natural philosophy, or natural history, which included all animal and vegetable life, as in so many of the old time colleges. In about 1880 or earlier, both the University …

A Suggested Classification For Bacteriological Media, Henry W. Schoenlein Jr.

Proceedings of the Iowa Academy of Science

The compilation of the formulae and methods of preparation of the media and substrata described in the literature for the support of growth of microorganisms is a task that has seemed of sufficient practical importance to warrant its being undertaken by the bacteriological laboratories of the college. In order that these data, with reference to each medium, and an elaborate system of cross indices might be prepared, it was necessary to have some definite scheme of classification. A review of the literature shows that several types of classification for media have been suggested by different authors.

Production Of Hydrogen Sulphide By Members Of The Colon Group Of Bacteria, Frederick W. Mulsow, Frederick S. Paine

Proceedings of the Iowa Academy of Science

Not a little work has been done in the past few years in investigating the sulphur metabolism of the colon group of bacteria. So far no very definite conclusions seem to have been arrived at, and the results are rather conflicting. Myers (1920) suggests that hydrogen sulphide production in the intestinal tract is due to proteolytic organisms. He attempted to use hydrogen sulphide production for water analysis, but concludes: "There is no constant relationship between the number of colon bacilli present from different animals and the amount of H₂S produced." Other workers have believed the production of hydrogen …

The Physiology Of Growth, Clifford H. Farr

Proceedings of the Iowa Academy of Science

The evolution of scientific terminology constitutes an exceedingly interesting subject for study, and may be looked upon as one of the most prevalent "growing pains" of almost any branch of science. The rapidly developing field of plant physiology is by no means an exception to this; in fact, it furnishes some of the most flagrant examples. A special term is given to a specific quantity, structure, or process, which it is made to fit apparently with great precision. And then as our knowledge extends, we find the name and the scientific entity no longer correspond. The term becomes a misfit, …

The Prairie Of The Mississippi River Bluffs, B. Shimek

Proceedings of the Iowa Academy of Science

The rugged bluffs along the upper Mississippi river, particularly those which border that part of the river flowing between Iowa and Wisconsin, display irregular treeless tracts on their slopes which are sure to attract the attention of observers who travel along the river either by water or by land.

The Possibility Of A New Vitamin For Reproduction, V. G. Heller

Proceedings of the Iowa Academy of Science

Fifth generation animals have been reared on 5 per cent of yeast as the sole source of vitamin B in the diet. This does not support the view that a new vitamin is necessary for reproduction. The majority of the young are not reared on synthetic diets containing as much as 8 per cent of yeast as the only source of vitamin B. 5 per cent of salt mixture 185 in the diet is detrimental to the production of young. The toxicity of yeast is not a factor because third generation animals have been reared on 45, 40, 35 and …

Possible Uses Of Waste Chlorine, Jack Hussey, O. R. Sweeney

Proceedings of the Iowa Academy of Science

The demand for electrolytic caustic has glutted the chlorine market. Studies are underway looking towards the utilization of chlorine. It has been found that by passing chlorine through lime covered with water in the presence of iron or manganese as a catalyst that practically quantitative yields of oxygen are evolved. The method is believed to be commercially applicable for producing oxygen. It is also a superior method for laboratory demonstration and use.

Relation Of Starch To The Strength Of Wheat Flour, G. G. Naudain, J. H. Buchanan

Proceedings of the Iowa Academy of Science

The condition of the starch of wheat flour is undoubtedly a factor that will indicate the strength of flour. A microscopical examination subsequently checked by baking tests shows that flour containing the larger proportion of small starch grains will be a stronger flour. A study of the action of various reagents shows the small grains to be more resistant. This may be indicated by the following studies: 1) by microscopically measuring the swelling of the grains: 2) by measuring the viscosity of flours, and starch from flour: 3) by measuring imbibition of flour, and starch from flour. The following relationships …

Metabolism And Vitamin A, V. E. Nelson, C. M. Mccay

Proceedings of the Iowa Academy of Science

The following determinations were made on urines of rats receiving a control diet and a diet lacking vitamin A: volume, specific gravity, acidity, ammonia, urea, total N, uric acid, creatin, creatinine, total solids, albumin and sugar. The volume, specific gravity, total solids, acidity and ammonia were greater on the control diet. The animals on the deficient diet excreted a much larger percentage of their nitrogen in the form of urea than the animals on the complete ration. Uric acid, creatine and creatinine did not vary. Sugar was not found. Albumin was found in both cases, and appears to be a …

A Comparative Study Of The Removal Of Corn And Cottonseed Oil Stains From Wool And Silk, Ruth O'Brien, Barbara Wentch

Proceedings of the Iowa Academy of Science

This study was made in an effort to explain the development by dry cleaning of brown stains on silk and wool garments soiled with salad oils made from vegetable oils. The results indicate that age, light, and oxygen alone are negligible factors - the chief contributing cause being heat in the presence of air. This condition is brought about by hot pressing before cleaning or drying in a tumbler in a dry cleaning plant. Corn oil is particularly troublesome, due apparently to the larger percentage of esters of unsaturated fatty acids.

Some Recent Studies Concerning Organometallic Compounds, H. H. Parker, F. Schulze, W. B. King, J. M. Peterson, H. Gilman

Proceedings of the Iowa Academy of Science

In connection with studies concerned with the mechanism of reactions and the proof of structure, insofar as such work involves organometallic compounds, it is necessary to determine specifically the mode of attachment of the metal to such polyvalent elements as carbon, nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur. For this reason, experiments are in progress on organobarium and organostrontium halides, as well as organomagnesium halides where the metal is attached particularly to sulfur and to oxygen. Because the polar nature of organometallic compounds makes them of such promise in the electronic interpretation of reactions, a quantitative study is being made of the reaction …