Digital Commons Network^™

January 22, 2016, The Dakota Student

The Dakota Student

No abstract provided.

Volume 53, Number 23: January 20, 2016, University Of North Dakota

University Letter Archive

No abstract provided.

January 15, 2016, The Dakota Student

The Dakota Student

No abstract provided.

January 14, 2016, University Of North Dakota

University Senate Meeting Minutes

Minutes from the January 14, 2016, meeting of the University Senate. 18 pages

Volume 53, Number 22: January 13, 2016, University Of North Dakota

University Letter Archive

No abstract provided.

Volume 53, Number 21: January 06, 2016, University Of North Dakota

University Letter Archive

No abstract provided.

Vol. 41, No. 4: Holiday 2016, School Of Medicine & Health Sciences

North Dakota Medicine Archive

No abstract provided.

Colonial Subjugation And Human Rights Abuses: Twenty-First Century Violations Against Brazil’S Rural Indigenous Xukuru Nation, Marcia Mikulak

Anthropology Faculty Publications

This article addresses the struggle of rural Xukuru indigenous peoples in Pesqueira, Pernambuco, Brazil as they organize to stop historical violence against them and work to regain their constitutional right to their ancestral lands. The article illustrates what a single researcher working along-side rural people's and NGOs can do to make change in an oppressive state. With the birth of the United Nations (UN) in 1945 and the drafting of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights in 1948, member states have often provided rhetorical validity to human rights documents and conventions; a rhetoric that is often ignored upon return to …

A Resource Manual To College And University Academic Return For Young Adults With A Mild Traumatic Brain Injury, Rachel Gromek, Emily Hermanson

Occupational Therapy Capstones

Purpose: Reportedly, in the United States 75% of traumatic brain injuries that occur each year are referred to as mild (Centers for Disease Control Prevention, 2010). Traumatic brain injury is the leading cause of disability each year with the highest prevalence being between ages 15-24 years (Willmott, Ponsford, Downing, & Carty, 2014). The greatest deficits experienced by college or university students with a mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) are cognitive, psychosocial, and physical (Kennedy, Krause, & O’Brien, 2014; Marschark, Richtsmeier, Richardson, Crovitz, & Henry, 2000). The purpose of this project was to address the limited resources available to individuals with …

Indus Kohistani Dictionary: Body Parts, Bodily Processes, Sickness And Medicine, Beate Lubberger

Work Papers of the Summer Institute of Linguistics, University of North Dakota Session

This paper contributes to the description of the Indus Kohistani language of Pakistan by presenting a list of terms—along with their English glosses—that are used in this language to refer to body parts, bodily processes, sickness and medicine.

Recent Developments In North Dakota Contract Law, Alexandra P. Everhart Sickler

North Dakota Law Review

No abstract provided.

Point-Of-Care Testing In Primary Care May Reduce Overall Cost And Improve Both Patient Satisfaction And Efficiency, Eric A. Sadler

Physician Assistant Scholarly Project Posters

• Objective: Increased demands for primary care are forcing clinical offices to deliver cost and time efficient care while providing exceptional patient experiences. Traditional lab testing methods require multiple steps for the patient and provider. Test results are not available until a later time which may delay decision making, patient discussion and medical planning. Point-of-care testing (POCT) provides an alternative that allows the patient to have testing, discuss the results and establish a treatment plan during a single office appointment.

• Design: A review of literature examined studies that compare cost-effectiveness, patient satisfaction and efficiency of POCT with traditional laboratory …

North Dakota Supreme Court Review, North Dakota Law Review Associate Editors

North Dakota Law Review

No abstract provided.

Non-Hdl-C Or Apolipoprotein-B Versus Ldl-C Screening For Evaluation And Treatment Of Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease, Grant Coauette

Physician Assistant Scholarly Project Posters

• Lowering low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) concentration in the population has been a goal of researchers and clinicians to prevent atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD).

• Controversy surrounds using [LDL-C] as the primary lipid biomarker to evaluate the risk of cardiovascular events. An article search dating back to 2005 of PubMed and The Cochran Library was conducted.

• The purpose of this investigation was to determine if LDL-C should be the primary lipid biomarker used to determine ASCVD treatment and prevention. This investigation researched other lipid biomarkers and targets to determine clinical relevance and if the level of those markers more …

Screening For Cardiovascular Disease In Children, Jesse Fladmark

Physician Assistant Scholarly Project Posters

Introduction: Cardiovascular disease is one of the leading causes of death in the world with significant burden on the health care system.

Review of Literature: The focus of this paper is to look at previous studies, mostly systematic reviews and metaanalysis, in search of various clinical screening methods in the pediatric population for determining cardiovascular disease risk. Waist to height ratio can be used to screen children for cardiovascular disease with a specificity of 96% when using 0.55 as the cut-off point. An increase in waist circumference along with increased BMI places a child at a much higher risk of …

Does Normalizing Gut Microbiota Decrease Exacerbation In Ibd, Franchesca Cook

Physician Assistant Scholarly Project Posters

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) including Crohn’s Disease (CD) and Ulcerative Colitis (UC) has become a more common diagnosis. The number of screenings for IBD has increased, drawing more attention to finding the cause. Researchers are finding that a change in diet, increased stress levels, and overuse of antibiotics may contribute to IBD by changing the gut microbiota (Skrautvol et al., 2011; Bernstein, 2010). Prebiotics and probiotics, an individualized anti-inflammatory diet, and lifestyle modification to decrease stress are all currently undergoing evaluation to discover a possible role in the reversal of IBD insult to the normal flora of the gut. This …

Nrf2 Pathway And The Reduction Of Oxidative Stress, Stephanie Jacobs Uselman

Physician Assistant Scholarly Project Posters

Oxidative stress has been linked to cellular damage initiating disease processes such as cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and cancer. The Nuclear factor erythroid-derived 2(Nrf2) pathway (Figure 1) aids in age-related cellular decline. The purpose of this study was to define the relationship between Protandim, its activation of the Nrf2 pathway, and decline in oxidative stress and cellular damage. The literature review included journal articles obtained from PubMed, Google scholar, and Cochrane review within the past 5-10 years, and contained both animal and human studies. The methods used in the animal studies included ANOVA, the standardized t-test, and the Neuman-Keuls post-test. P<0.05 was considered statistically significant. The human study included healthy participants, both male and female, age 29-78 with or without a specific medical diagnosis. Statistical analysis was based on the standardized t-test with a value of p<0.05 considered statistically significant. Liu et al. (2009) conducted a study investigating Protandim’s ability to suppress cancer tumor formation. Tumor incidence declined by 33% and multiplicity of skin tumors by 57% with p = 0.003. Superoxide dismutase increased 35%, catalase 58%, and manganese superoxide dismutase 21%. In 2013, Reuland et al. conducted a study to determine if Protandim could activate the Nrf2 pathway and induce antioxidant enzymes, thereby protecting cardiomyocytes from apoptosis. Results indicated that treated cardiomyocytes showed increased levels of Nrf2 nuclear accumulation, activation of endogenous antioxidant enzymes, and protection against cell targeted oxidative stress (p<0.05). Quereshi et al. (2010) completed a study to delineate if Protandim decreased oxidative stress through the Nrf2 pathway. After six months of supplementation, TBARS decreased by 48% (p=.006), and plasma osteopontin decreased by 57% (p=.018). In 2005, Nelson et al. conducted a study to determine if Protandim decreased cellular damage. After 30 days of supplementation, TBARS declined by 40% (p =0.0001), at 120 days, TBARS declined by 40-54% (p =0.002), and superoxide dismutase and catalase increased by 30% and 54% respectively. The results from studies indicate that Protandim’s activation of the Nrf2 pathway increased endogenous antioxidant availability, resulting in decreased oxidative stress and age related cellular damage.

Predictors Of Prolonged Recovery From Concussion, Patrick W. Riley

Physician Assistant Scholarly Project Posters

• Sport-related concussion has been thrust to the forefront of medicine in recent years.

• A high degree of variability in clinical presentation and length of recovery has made management of this condition difficult.

• This review examines whether pre-existing risk factors or sign and symptom based variables exist to reliably predict a patient’s likelihood to experience a protracted recovery from concussion.

• The review of literature revealed heterogeneous results.

• This is due, in part, to the variability in the definition of prolonged recovery, ranging from seven to 90 days. Despite this variability, several factors emerged as having useful …

Helmet Therapy Vs. Conservative Therapy For The Treatment Of Positional Skull Deformations, Whitney Thompson

Physician Assistant Scholarly Project Posters

• Plagiocephaly and brachycephaly are skull deformations that occur in nearly half of all infants. These deformities are present at birth or can develop shortly after birth due to head positioning while lying supine. Depending on the severity of the deformity, infants may develop negative long-term developmental outcomes. There are generally two ways to treat such patients; repositioning or with use of orthotics (helmet therapy).

• A study of systematic reviews and cohort studies was completed to determine if orthotics (helmet) therapy is significantly more effective than repositioning therapy.

• The study indicated that infants diagnosed with moderate to severe …

A Multimodal Approach To Preventing And Treating Alzheimer’S Disease, Jason B. Smith

Physician Assistant Scholarly Project Posters

As of 2015 over 47 million people worldwide are diagnosed with Alzheimer’s disease (AD). The incidence of AD increases with age, and affects males and females equally. Current pharmacologic treatment includes two classes of drugs. The purpose of this study was to determine if a multimodal approach (i.e. diet, exercise, cognitive stimulation) towards the prevention and treatment of AD would be more beneficial than pharmacologic therapy alone. Research methods included reviewing peer reviewed journal articles published within the past five years obtained from PubMed, Dynamed, Cochrane, CINAHL, and Clinical Key. Ehret and Chamberlin (2015) found donepezil (Aricept) increased MMSE scores …

A Review Of Barrett's Esophagus, Suzanne M. Zayan

Physician Assistant Scholarly Project Posters

Barrett’s Esophagus is a premalignant condition that predisposes patients to the development of esophageal adenocarcinoma.

•Esophageal adenocarcinoma dramatically rising over several decades; survival rates of less than 17% in a five year period.

•Management and treatment continues to evolve: use of radio-frequency ablation effective to treat low grade dysplasia

•Studies of risk factors and treatment options explored:

Efficacy and durability of endoscopic radiofrequency ablation for treatment of low grade dysplasia as option for metaplasia eradication

–Gastrointestinal pathologist expert reviews ensure identification of dysplasia prior to treatment
–Appropriate endoscopic surveillance intervals
–Gastroenterology guidelines for screening and surveillance for long term management …

Post Total Knee Arthroplasty Protocol Adaptations: A Case Study, Ashley Sebelius

Physical Therapy Scholarly Projects

Background and Purpose: Osteoarthritis (OA) is the largest source of physical disability in the United States and the joint most commonly affected by OA is the knee. Total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is frequently implemented as a treatment for knee OA There is research that anxiety affects the patient's outcomes following total joint arthroplasty, but nothing to suggest how to specifically manage it. The purpose of this scholarly report is to discuss the physical therapy (PT) of a patient post TKA and how modifications to PT intervention were needed due to other medical and emotional issues.

Case Description: Patient …

Total Knee Arthroplasty And Iliotibial Band Syndrome: A Case Report, Brandon James Moeller

Physical Therapy Scholarly Projects

Background and Purpose: Total Knee Arthroplasty (TKA) is one of the most common joint replacements performed in orthopedic medicine. The decision to replace a knee is made through evaluation by an orthopedic surgeon, imaging of the joint, clinical presentation, and the patient's individual needs and desires. Iliotibial band syndrome (ITBS) is a soft tissue dysfunction that can present as pain and tenderness in the hip, thigh, or knee. It primarily stems from rubbing or friction of the IT Band at the lateral femoral condyle. Pain caused by knee degeneration and pain from ITBS can have similar presentations and deserves …

Rehabilitation Following A Total Hip Arthroplasty For An Individual With Polyarticular Juvenile Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Case Study, Anna Jung

Physical Therapy Scholarly Projects

Background and Purpose- Juvenile Rheumatoid Arthritis (JRA) is an autoimmune disorder present in children under the age of 17, most commonly seen in females. In JRA, the immune system attacks the body's cells and tissues causing persistent joint swelling and stiffness. There are 3 principle types of JRA, systemic JRA, pauciarticular JRA and polyarticular JRA. Polyarticular JRA is classified as involving 5 or more large and small joints of the legs, arms, jaw and neck. The purpose of this case study was to illustrate the rehabilitation program used for a patient with JRA following a left total hip arthroplasty (THA) …

Effectiveness Of Physical Therapy In An Elderly Man With Lyme Disease: A Case Report, Brittany Johnson

Physical Therapy Scholarly Projects

Background and Purpose. Lyme disease is the most prevalent tick-borne infectious disease in the United States and presents with symptoms that can be treated with physical therapy intervention. The purposes of this case report are to present (1) an example of physical therapy intervention as treatment for a 61 year old male diagnosed with late stage Lyme disease with multiple impairments; (2) to report the patient's functional outcomes; and (3) to provide basis for further research on the effects of physical therapy intervention as it relates to late stage Lyme disease.

Case Description. The 60 year old, male …

Regaining Function After A Medial Patellofemoral Ligament Reconstruction: A Case Report, Talya Lori Tysver

Physical Therapy Scholarly Projects

Background and Purpose: Medial patellofemoral ligament (MPFL) reconstruction is a common surgical procedure for the correction of recurrent patellar instability. There is a shortage of case reports, systematic reviews, and meta analyses conducted on the rehabilitation process of MPFL reconstructions post-operatively. The purpose of this case report is to look at the role of physical therapy in the course of recovery for a patient who has undergone an MPFL autograft reconstruction.

Case Description: The patient was a 21 year-old, Caucasian, English-speaking female. She presented with the chief complaint of R knee pain. She also had decreased core, hip, …

Physical Therapy For A Female With Acute Stroke: A Case Report, Lisa Grandpre

Physical Therapy Scholarly Projects

Background and Purpose: Strokes are the 5th leading cause of death and adult disability in the US. Strokes affect each individual differently, some individuals more severely than others. The goal of physical therapists is to come up with the best treatment plan for each individual in order to restore as much function as possible.

Case Description: The patient was a Caucasian female in her 80s who suffered a stroke while in the hospital. She was living in assisted living prior to her hospital stay and was functional in the home only. The passive range of motion in her …

Proximal Muscle Weakness And Debility Secondary To Polymyositis: A Case Report, Adam Meidinger

Physical Therapy Scholarly Projects

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Polymyositis (PM) is the most common inflammatory myopathy in persons over age 50. It predominantly causes weakness at proximal musculature including the trunk, hips, thighs, shoulders, upper arms, and neck leading to challenges with ambulation and mobility, community activities, and difficulty swallowing, eating, and talking. Studies have shown physical therapy to be a staple in the plan of care for treatment of PM to aid in the restoration of muscle function and to improve or prevent further loss of strength. The purpose of this case report is to outline physical therapy's role in the treatment of a …

Physical Therapy And Above-Knee Amputation Pre-Prosthetic Rehabilitation: A Case Report, Sierra J. Maucort

Physical Therapy Scholarly Projects

Background and Purpose: Promotion of functional mobility through surgical and therapeutic interventions has seen a dramatic increase within the past decade due to the aging population and increased push for objective functional assessment data. A key to obtaining optimal functional performance is core stability and this can be applied to individuals with a variety of limitations including an amputation. The purposes of this case study are to look at the preprosthetic rehabilitation regimen of an individual with an above-knee amputation and discuss the importance of key elements that should be present in a pre-prosthetic training program to allow a …

Serum Biomarkers Compared To Neural Imaging In The Differentiation Of Stroke Etiologies, Kevin Conboy

Physician Assistant Scholarly Project Posters

• Stroke is a leading cause of disability and morbidity and the fourth leading cause of death in the United States, and the second leading cause of death worldwide.

• Early restoration of blood flow is the most effective treatment of ischemic stroke by intravenous thrombolytic therapy within 3-4.5hrs of symptom onset.

• Patient outcomes have been shown to improve with earlier thrombolytics, each 15 minute increment increases survival by 3.0-4.0%.

• Non-contrast CT is the current standard for differentiation of stroke. It is beneficial due to speed of acquisition and its high sensitivity in ruling out hemorrhagic stroke.

• …