Digital Commons Network^™

Cannabidiol: An Adjunctive Therapy To Risperidone For Autistic Children Experiencing Behavioral Outbursts, Cherie Dowell

Physician Assistant Scholarly Project Papers

The purpose of this systemic literature review was to evaluate the safety, efficacy, and tolerability of medical cannabis in the treatment of aggression, irritability, and self-injurious behaviors in autistic children that are currently receiving risperidone. For this literature review, DynaMed, Cochrane, PubMed, ClinicalKey, and CINAHL were searched using various keywords and phrases. Studies that were included in this review were published after 2005, were peer-reviewed, and included systemic reviews, journal articles, clinical trials, randomized control trials, and meta-analyses. Studies that did not directly discuss autism and behavioral issues; autism treatment with risperidone, medical cannabis, or cannabidiol; that did not specifically …

Comparison Of Oral Glucose Tolerance And Hemoglobin A1c As An Initial Indicator Of Type 2 Diabetes, Shelby L. Knox

Physician Assistant Scholarly Project Papers

The purpose of this literature review was to evaluate the diagnostic utility of hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) compared to oral glucose tolerance testing (OGTT) for diagnosis of type 2 diabetes. Databases ClinicalKey, PubMed, Dynamed, and CINAHL withdrew a total of 17 peer-reviewed cross-sectional and retrospective studies, secondary data and pooled data analyses, and meta-analyses. Inclusion criteria included human studies, black, white, Hispanic, and Asian populations, studies < 10 years old, individuals > 15 years of age, fasting plasma glucose in conjunction with OGTT, and subjects without known type 2 diabetes. Exclusion criteria included alternative forms of diabetes, screening and diagnosis of prediabetes, comparisons in relation to specific …

A Comparison Of Sglt2 Inhibitors To Current Guideline Directed Medical Therapy For The Treatment Of Heart Failure In Non-Diabetic Patients, Rebecca R. Beyer

Physician Assistant Scholarly Project Papers

Heart failure remains a complex disease that affects a continually increasing number of patients annually. For heart failure, most of the research has focused on the hemodynamic changes of the heart chambers and the medication interventions that slow the progression of heart failure. Recent studies have investigated treatment options that may disrupt the neuro-hormonal and pathophysiologic cell changes that lead to further progression of heart failure. Although the mechanisms by which the sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors are not entirely understood, they are believed to directly affect the cardiac electrolyte imbalances that trigger the cellular changes which contribute to the …

Effects Of Phototherapy In Patients With Atopic Dermatitis, Stephanie Krogen

Physician Assistant Scholarly Project Papers

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic remitting problem faced by many people in our communities of all ages. Atopic dermatitis presents as an erythematous and pruritic rash. There is no cure, only treatments that help alleviate symptoms. The purpose of this literature review is to help determine the best course of action for treatment for patients who suffer from AD. Phototherapy has been growing in popularity and research as an alternate treatment to systemic and pharmacologic therapies. This review was done using PubMed, Clinical Key, DynaMed, and Cochrane. Studies were included that reviewed the side effects and efficacy of each …

Invasive Needling Therapy For Myofascial Pain Syndrome, Katelyn Corine Krueger

Physician Assistant Scholarly Project Papers

Myofascial pain syndrome (MPS) is one of the most common musculoskeletal conditions characterized by tight bands of fascia and muscle fibers known as myofascial trigger points (MTrP). Empirical evidence suggests that deactivation of MTrP’s is best accomplished with invasive needling therapy such as dry needling, trigger point injections, and Botulinum toxin-A (BTX-A) injections. The objective of this systemic review is to compare the effectiveness of various needling therapies on pain intensity and determine if ultrasound guidance and obtaining a local twitch response (LTR) improves clinical outcomes. A comprehensive search of five databases including PubMed, Science Direct, Google Scholar, Cochran, and …

Active Therapies In The Management Of Concussion And Post-Concussion Syndrome, Breanna Raquel Krueger

Physician Assistant Scholarly Project Papers

The purpose of this research and literature review is to evaluate the recently completed literature to provide guidance to medical providers of the safest and most efficacious treatment options for adolescent patients with concussion and post-concussion syndrome. The literature was searched for studies directly related to adolescents and active therapies such as physical therapy, vestibular rehabilitation, exertional therapy, and cognitive behavioral therapy. The search time frame implemented was studies completed within the last ten years. Ten studies met the final criteria. The research shows a substantial benefit for immediate cognitive and physical rest following a mTBI. The research suggests that …

P.M. Dosing Outcomes Of Ace Inhibitors Or Angiotensin Ii Receptor Blockers In Hypertension Versus P.M. Dosing In Hypertension With Comorbidities, Savanna Kramer

Physician Assistant Scholarly Project Papers

No abstract provided.

The Impact Of Hormone Therapy On Cardiovascular And Bone Health In Women With Premature Or Early Menopause, Traci Lynn Leitheiser

Physician Assistant Scholarly Project Papers

The Women's Health Initiative (WHI) studies were a catalyst for the dramatic decline in the number of postmenopausal women being prescribed hormone therapy (HT). The WHI published the largest randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial regarding HT use in postmenopausal women. The WHI studies treated postmenopausal women with HT with a mean age of 63 years. Premature and early menopausal women have frequently not utilized HT based on the results of the WHI studies. The purpose of this literature review was to compare the WHI studies' results to studies that examined coronary heart disease (CHD) and bone health benefits and risks of …

Treatment Of Male Obesity-Related Secondary Hypogonadism And The Effects On Fertility, Julie E'Lane Harmon

Physician Assistant Scholarly Project Papers

The link between obesity and testosterone deficiency has often been a topic of research. Male obesity-related secondary hypogonadism (MOSH) is often underdiagnosed in the young male population. The current standard of care for hypogonadism in the older male population typically includes testosterone replacement therapy (TRT). The purpose of this study is to highlight available treatment options for MOSH in the younger population and the various effects on fertility. The method utilized was a systematic review of the current literature that targeted obese males below the age of 65 treated for secondary hypogonadism. The review excluded articles published longer than ten …

Effectiveness Of Diet/Exercise In Prevention Of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus And Associated Cesarean Section Delivery, Jonathyn Andrew Marx

Physician Assistant Scholarly Project Papers

Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is becoming a more common diagnosis during pregnancy. GDM is defined as glucose intolerance diagnosed during pregnancy. Women diagnosed with GDM during pregnancy are at an increased risk for emergent or planned cesarean section delivery and the development of overt diabetes mellitus post pregnancy. Complications related to GDM include eclampsia, macrosomia, shoulder dystocia, stillbirth, and cesarean section delivery. Initial treatment consists of diet and exercise and if glucose can not be controlled then pharmacotherapy is introduced. A literature review was performed utilizing scientific databases, mesh terms, and keywords to gather statistically relevant research to analyze the …

Effect Of A Ketogenic Diet On Glycemic Control In Type 2 Diabetics, Steven William Moore

Physician Assistant Scholarly Project Papers

With the increasing rate of patients diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and the serious complications associated with this disease, there continues to be controversy surrounding the most effective way to manage glycemic control in this population. The intention of this meta-analysis is to determine the effect of a ketogenic diet as a first-line treatment option on glycemic control in type 2 diabetic patients. Effectiveness was determined by comparing the ketogenic diet to other popular diets recommended to diabetics by practitioners following guidelines set forth by the American Diabetes Association. Several high-quality studies were selected utilizing PubMed, Dynamed plus, …

Comparison Of Functional Capacity And Outcomes Of Patients With Rotator Cuff Injury: Surgery Versus Non-Invasive Methods, Brian Schiller

Physician Assistant Scholarly Project Papers

Rotator cuff tears are acute or chronic tears of one or more of four specific muscles that encompass the glenohumeral joint. These tears can cause pain, decrease range of motion, and affect an individual for many years if not treated appropriately. The purpose of this literature review is to assess the most appropriate means of treatment between surgery, physical therapy, and injection therapies. The literature review was performed using electronic search databases CINAHL, PubMed, Clinical Key, Cochrane Library, Embase, SPORTDiscus and Research Gate. Studies were included if they directly evaluated the efficacy of surgical rotator cuff methods, physical therapy, corticosteroid …

Anticholinergic Medications And Risk Of Developing Dementia, Heidi N. Artz Schmaltz

Physician Assistant Scholarly Project Papers

Abstract (to Come)

Comparison Of Conjunctive Probiotic Use Versus No Probiotic Use In Outcomes Of Antibiotic-Associated Diarrhea, Samantha L. Simley

Physician Assistant Scholarly Project Papers

Antibiotics are utilized in the medical community for the treatment of bacterial infections. Consequently, the use of antibiotics may result in certain gastrointestinal side effects. Antibiotic-associated diarrhea is one side effect that can be seen in patient populations that are on an antibiotic regimen. Due to this side effect profile, patient compliance on an antibiotic regimen may be compromised. This lack in patient compliance led to increased interest to determine if there are treatment options available to prevent or reduce instances of antibiotic-associated diarrhea. One treatment option of interest includes the use of probiotics. The purpose of this literature review …

The Role Of The Gut Microbiome In Autoimmune Disorders, Sierra Baxter

Physician Assistant Scholarly Project Papers

According to the National Institute of Health (NIH), it is estimated that over 24 million Americans are diagnosed with autoimmune disorders, and the cases are increasing (2005). A significant risk factor that has been linked to the formation of these diseases is the gut microbiome. The gut microbiome of the adult plays a vital role in the efficacy of the immune system. The purpose of this research and systematic literature review is to determine how the gut microbiome can influence autoimmune disorders. In this review, five databases were searched including PubMed, DynaMed, Cochrane Library, Embase, and Clinical Key. A variety …

Efficacy Of Pharmacologic Treatment For Orthostatic Hypotension In The Elderly Population, Abigail Moeller

Physician Assistant Scholarly Project Papers

The purpose of this literature review is to determine the efficacy and safety of pharmacologic treatments for orthostatic hypotension (OH), with an emphasis on researching the elderly population. In this review, three electronic search databases were utilized including PubMed, Google Scholar, and Dynamed from the years 1997 to 2019. Several keywords were used during the search. Criteria for chosen articles included that the article must be peer-reviewed, the studied population must have a median age of at least 50 years-old, at least 20 subjects must be involved, and the study must be published after the year 1995. The specific pharmacologic …

Buprenorphine Versus Methadone For Treatment Of Opioid Use Disorder, Ben Devries

Physician Assistant Scholarly Project Papers

The purpose of this literature review is to analyze the use of buprenorphine and methadone for the treatment of opioid use disorder. Comparison of overall safety, efficacy, morbidity and mortality between the two treatment options is accomplished throughout this literature review. The literature review was performed using databases: PubMed, Clinical Key, Cochrane and Upto- date. Results were limited to studies completed within the past seven years. Methadone has been the treatment mainstay of opioid use disorder for decades. buprenorphine has increased in popularity and prevalence for treatment of opioid use disorder, especially after receiving FDA approval for such use in …

Comparative Research Of Effective Treatment Measures For Postpartum Depression, Aunica Novacek

Physician Assistant Scholarly Project Papers

Postpartum depression is a mood disorder that includes depressive symptoms during the time period following childbirth. There are various possibilities for what may cause this disorder, but the drastic change in hormones after delivery can play a role. With the chance this disorder may be fatal to both the mother and child, an appropriate, effective, and safe treatment is necessary to control depressive symptoms. The standard, first-line pharmacotherapeutic option is a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) antidepressant. SSRI antidepressants are well understood, but these medications may take time to become effective. Knowing this, medical professionals can find a more rapid …

Comparing Outcomes Of Online Application Therapy Versus Standard Psychotherapy In Patients Suffering From Mental Illness, Jenna Zwiers

Physician Assistant Scholarly Project Papers

The purpose of this research was to determine the effectiveness of internet-delivered cognitive behavioral therapy (iCBT) in comparison to standard cognitive behavioral therapy in the treatment of depression and anxiety. The quality, safety, therapist-response, and cost of internet-delivered cognitive behavioral therapy was also studied. This review utilized multiple databases including PubMed, CINAHL, Clinical Key, Cochrane Library, and PsychINFO from 2015 to 2020. The literature reviewed consisted of peer-reviewed studies, randomized controlled trials, and systematic review. Sources that were excluded from the study included those prior to 2015, studies with small sample sizes, and those that involved children. Thirteen resources were …

The Efficacy Of Testosterone Replacement Vs Aromatase Inhibitors/ Serms In The Presence Of Hypogonadism, Tobias Charles Steen

Physician Assistant Scholarly Project Papers

The prevalence of male hypogonadism increases with age, although it can occur in any age group. Patients with hypogonadism can experience a wide range of symptoms including mood changes, decreased libido, decreased muscle mass, erectile dysfunction and bone loss. Traditionally, management of this condition has been accomplished through some form of testosterone replacement therapy (TRT). While TRT has proven effective at attenuating the symptoms of hypogonadism, it is not without side effects. TRT can at times be expensive, painful, cause gynecomastia, acne, water weight gain and infertility. Recently, medications such as selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs) and aromatase inhibitors (AIs) …

Effect Of Cftr Modulators On Respiratory Function In Adults With Cystic Fibrosis, Melissa Severson

Physician Assistant Scholarly Project Papers

Cystic Fibrosis (CF) is an autosomal recessive disorder that shortens one’s life due to its effect on the cystic fibrosis transmembrane regulator (CFTR) gene. CFTR modulator medications can correct the CFTR gene and consist of a potentiator (ivacaftor), and corrector (lumacaftor, tezacaftor and elexacaftor). This research and literature review sought to evaluate if lung function improved in an individual with genetically confirmed CF after being started on CFTR modulator medications. To complete the review, six databases were searched which included: CINAHL, PubMed, Clinical Key, Cochrane Library, Embase and Dynamed Plus. Both keyword and mesh terms were used to define a …

Decreasing Suicidal Risks Among Military Veterans With Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Or Major Depression, Manpreet K. Sheabat

Physician Assistant Scholarly Project Papers

Suicide is a major cause of death in the United States. Some populations, such as the veterans and active duty military personnel are at a higher risk of committing suicide compared to the general population. The risk is exacerbated by mental health conditions such as Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) and major depression. Few reviews have explored the effects of the recommended psychotherapeutic interventions on suicidal ideations and suicide rates for these two disorders, focusing on the veteran population. To address this, a literature search was performed using a comprehensive search through electronic databases, applying the search criteria and keywords aimed …

Integration Of Palliative Care For Improving Quality Of Life In Patients With Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease, Christina Davis Rasanen

Physician Assistant Scholarly Project Papers

The purpose of this scholarly project is to determine if the integration of palliative care into COPD management provides an improvement in symptom burden associated with quality of life and end of life care when compared to the standard of care. A review of the literature was performed using the following electronic databases, and the use of keywords and mesh terms were used to define the set of literature that would be critically analyzed. A total of 16 articles achieved the necessary criteria for review and critical assessment. The literature reviewed various aspects related to symptom burden and symptom management …

Effects Of The Covid-19 Pandemic On The Health Of American Indians, Heather Bates

Physician Assistant Scholarly Project Papers

COVID-19 has been most devastating to the elderly and those living in dense communities, which disproportionately affects American Indians as they are medically underserved. American Indians tend to live in multigenerational housing which puts them at higher risk for transmission of COVID-19. To determine other risk factors and the long-term physical and mental health impacts of COVID-19 on American Indians, a literature review was completed using metaanalyses and case studies. The results of this study confirm that age is the most substantial risk factor for severe COVID-19 illness, complication, and mortality, regardless of race or ethnicity. However, American Indians are …

Detecting The Leakage In The Pipeline System Through Flow Parameter Analysis, Hao Fu

Theses and Dissertations

The pipeline is an efficient way to transport oil and gas over long distances. However, leakage can occur when the pipes have been running for a long time. The leak of energy resources will cause economic loss in millions of dollars, pollute the local environment, and result in safety problems. Therefore, the technology of pipeline leak detection is very crucial during the energy transport process.

The goals of the research are to develop mathematical models based on experimental data and CFD simulation to detect single and multiple leaks in a pipeline and/or pipeline system. The new methods use daily recorded …

May 6, 2021: Agenda, University Of North Dakota

University Senate Meeting Minutes

Agenda for the May 6, 2021, meeting of the University Senate. 35 pages

April 1, 2021, University Of North Dakota

University Senate Meeting Minutes

Minutes from the April 1, 2021, meeting of the University Senate. 5 pages

April 1, 2021: Agenda, University Of North Dakota

University Senate Meeting Minutes

Agenda for the April 1, 2021, meeting of the University Senate. 59 pages

March 4, 2021, University Of North Dakota

University Senate Meeting Minutes

Minutes from the March 4, 2021, meeting of the University Senate. 6 pages

March 4, 2021: Agenda, University Of North Dakota

University Senate Meeting Minutes

Agenda for the March 4, 2021, meeting of the University Senate. 50 pages