Digital Commons Network^™

Global Gender Inequality In Industry: A Systematic Review With Neutrosophic Analysis, Jimmy Hurtado Paspuel, Raquel Vera-Ortega, Angel M. Plaza, Bernardo Hubert Ovalle Correa

Neutrosophic Sets and Systems

This study examines gender inequalities in the worldwide sector via a systematic review employing a neutrosophic approach, focusing on income discrepancies, workplace harassment, preventative strategies, professional hurdles, and leadership representation. The neutrosophic methodology categorizes findings into components of truth, falsehood, and indeterminacy, assessing evidence via four metrics: neutrosophic score, reliability index, certainty level, and information quality index. In accordance with PRISMA 2020 standards, 282 studies published from 2020 to 2024 were examined. The findings indicate that workplace harassment exhibits the most substantial evidence (reliability=0.828, IQI=0.496), succeeded by wage disparities (reliability=0.813, IQI=0.400), whereas prevention policies reveal the greatest uncertainty (reliability=0.696). Robust …

Neutrosophic Linguistic Rhotrix In Managerial Decision Making, R. Priya, Nivetha Martin, Florentine Smarandache

Neutrosophic Sets and Systems

The developments in rhotrix theory and their applications are unveiled at recent times. This research work proposes the notion of linguistic rhotrix conjoining the theories of linguistic matrix and rhotrix. The theory of linguistic rhotrix comprising fundamental definitions, operators and classifications is presented in this study. The algorithmic framework of applying linguistic rhotrix to decisioning problem is presented in this work. A managerial decision-making illustration is putforth to validate the proposed decisioning framework based on neutrosophic quantifications of linguistic rhotrix. The results obtained are compared with fuzzy and intuitionistic fuzzy quantifications to demonstrate the efficacy of neutrosophic quantifications of linguistic …

Andean Epistemology, Ch’Ixi, And Neutrosophic Logic, Maikel Y. Leyva Vázquez, Florentin Smarandache

Neutrosophic Sets and Systems

This article explores the potential of Andean epistemology—rooted in principles of complementarity (yanantin), interdependence, and indeterminacy—to enrich contemporary science and artificial intelligence (AI). By transcending binary logic through concepts like ch’ixi (simultaneous coexistence of opposites) and yanantin, Andean thought aligns with Florentin Smarandache’s neutrosophic logic, a system that formalizes truth (T), falsehood (F), and indeterminacy (I) to navigate ambiguity. Smarandache’s MultiAlism, which emphasizes the coexistence of multiple perspectives, further resonates with Andean cosmovision, offering a framework to reinterpret mythology and folklore beyond rigid dualities. Integrating these principles into AI could foster systems that better handle uncertainty, cultural context, and ethical …

Inverse Fractional Function Setting Sine Trigonometric Neutrosophic Set Approach To Interaction Aggregating Operators, Murugan Palanikumar, Nasreen Kausar, Tonguc Cagin

Neutrosophic Sets and Systems

In this paper we present novel techniques for the interacting aggregating operator of the inverse fractional function sine trigonometric neutrosophic set. Swapping the input and output variables and solving for the original input variable in terms of the original output variable are the steps involved in determining the inverse of a function. The innovative averaging and geometric operations of inverse fractional function sine trigonometric neutrosophic numbers are studied using the universal aggregation function. The inverse fractional function sine trigonometric neutrosophic set is idempotent, boundedness compatible, associative and commutative. Four new aggregating operators are introduced: inverse fractional function sine trigonometric neutrosophic …

Characterization Of Interaction Aggregating Operators Setting Interval-Valued Pythogorean Neutrosophic Set, Raed Hatamleh, Ahmed Salem Heilat, M. Palanikumar, Abdallah Al-Husban

Neutrosophic Sets and Systems

In this work, we present novel techniques for the interval-valued Pythogorean neutrosophic interaction aggregating operator. A hybrid of the neutrosophic set and the interval-valued Pythogorean fuzzy set. The innovative averaging and geometric operations of interval-valued Pythogorean neutrosophic interaction numbers are studied using aggregation operator. The interval-valued Pythogorean neutrosophic interaction is boundedness compatible, idempotent, associative, and commutative. Four new aggregating operators are introduced: IPNI weighted averaging operator, interval-valued Pythogorean neutrosophic interaction weighted geometric operator, generalized interval-valued Pythogorean neutrosophic interaction weighted averaging and generalized interval-valued Pythogorean neutrosophic interaction weighted geometric.

A Neutrosophic Model For Assessing The Impact Of Artificial Intelligence On Civil Liability, María Gracia Paredes-Morales, Gino Joel Alberdy-Rodriguez, Susy Grey Morales-Cobos, Dessire Amandiz Castro-Valderrama, Gloria Angélica Valderrama-Barragán, Edwin Favio Valderrama-Barragán

Neutrosophic Sets and Systems

The creation of Artificial Intelligence (AI) tools has grown exponentially in recent years. The number of these tools, their capabilities to solve problems and the number of people who use them are increasing rapidly. This constitutes a positive advance for humanity; however, there is also a negative side that can arise from its inappropriate use. To avoid the problems that may arise with the improper use of AI, it is necessary to have a regulatory legal framework that offers the guidelines to follow for evaluating the AI tools that arise and the civil and criminal consequences for those who fail …

Adaptive Triangular Linguistic Neutrosophic Cubic Fuzzy Sets For College English Blended Teaching Mode Evaluation Method, Hongxia Cui

Neutrosophic Sets and Systems

This paper presents a proactive strategy that employs a multiple-criteria decision-making (MCDM) model as an evaluation tool. To assess online and offline blended teaching modes for college English, we propose an evaluation framework called CIMAS-COBRA, which integrates the Criteria Importance Assessment (CIMAS) method for determining criteria weights and the Cost Estimation, Benchmarking, and Risk Assessment (COBRA) method for ranking alternatives. Both methods operate under the Triangular Linguistic Neutrosophic Cubic Fuzzy Sets framework to handle uncertain and vague data. Seven criteria and ten alternatives are examined in this study. The Triangular Linguistic Neutrosophic Cubic Fuzzy Number approach is employed to evaluate …

The Numerical Applications Of (Abm) And (Amm) Numerical Methods On Some Neutrosophic And Dual Problems, Ahmed Salem Heilat

Neutrosophic Sets and Systems

The objective of this paper is to present two neutrosophic numerical methods for finding the numerical solutions for some neutrosophic differential equations, where a numerical comparison between AMM and ABM methods with numerical tables that clarify some numerical results of the previous two methods applied on some neutrosophic initial value problems IVP. Also, we apply the same methods on dual variables problems, and we will show that they will give us the same numerical results

Neutrosophic Sets And Systems: A Decade Of Scientific Contribution And Growth, Muhammad Saqlain, José M. Merigó, Poom Kumam

Neutrosophic Sets and Systems

Neutrosophic Sets and Systems (NSS) has become an important Journal for neutrosophic theory and its applications in uncertainty modeling and decision sciences. In 2023, NSS celebrated its 10th anniversary, marking a decade of contributions to scientific literature. Motivated by this event, this paper provides a critical bibliometric analysis of NSS’s evolution as a leading academic journal in neutrosophy. This study explores the publication trends, citation impact, most productive authors, institutions, and global collaboration networks of NSS. The study maps bibliographic coupling, keyword co-occurrence and co-citation analysis using data from the Scopus database, secondary search using NSS webpage, and visualization tools …

Human Capital And Innovation In Developed And Developing Countries: A Systematic Literature Review Using Methodi Ordinatio And Hypersoft Sets, Leonardo José España-Barraza, Efraín Javier De-La-Hoz-Granadillo, Katia Ninozca Flores-Ledesma

Neutrosophic Sets and Systems

This article aims to analyze the influence of human capital on innovation. To achieve this, the Methodi Ordinatio methodology was used. The search for scientific articles was done using the Scopus and Web of Science databases. Only documents published between 2013 and 2023 were selected. The systematic review of the literature shows that human capital is relevant in promoting innovation in any type of economy; however, the impact may vary depending on the economic and regional context being studied. The data obtained are analyzed with the help of the hybridization of the Methodi Ordinatio with the HyperSoft Sets theory. In …

A Comparison Between Euler's Method And 4-Th Order Runge- Kutta Method For Numerical Solutions Of Neutrosophic And Dual Differential Problems, Ahmed Salem Heilat

Neutrosophic Sets and Systems

This paper is dedicated to study some numerical solutions of neutrosophic and dual differential problems through a numerical comparison between neutrosophic Euler's method and 4-th order Runge-Kutta neutrosophic and dual method, where we apply both methods on the same problems and compare the numerical results of solutions and numerical estimations of errors by using numerical tables.

Application Of The Neutrosophic Fuzzy Sets In Profession Determination, K. Rajesh, S. Moorthy, A. Jeeva, D. Moganraj

Neutrosophic Sets and Systems

We present several operations, such as algebraic sum, algebraic product, and arithmetic mean, over the neutrosophic sets extended with moment in time and sketch numbers. Through mathematical illustrations, we explore various properties and apply this concept to professional decision-making. Existing neutrosophic set (NS) and fuzzy set theories lack the capability to dynamically account for time and evolving circumstances. Many approaches fail to provide satisfactory solutions for handling evolving decision criteria or dynamic uncertainties. While operations like algebraic sum, algebraic product, and arithmetic mean exist for neutrosophic sets, their adaptation and extension to dynamic and temporal dimensions (moment in time and …

The Potential Of Alliances For Regional Productive Development From The Tutorial Centers Of The University Of Cartagena Measured With The Support Of Plithogenic Swot Analysis, Edgardo Antonio Carmona-Arrieta, Katia Ninozca Flores-Ledesma, Álvaro Andrés Escobar-Espinoza, Abrahan Cesar Neri-Ayala, Pedro Barrientos-Gutiérrez, Pablo José Guerrero

Neutrosophic Sets and Systems

The University of Cartagena in Colombia, with its 104 recognized research groups in various fields such as health, social sciences, engineering, basic sciences, environment, and sustainable development, expands its academic reach by establishing Tutorial Centers in Bolívar and Córdoba. The objective of these centers is to offer distance learning opportunities, thus increasing access to education for the local population. This study explores the potential of forming strategic alliances with the productive sector, taking advantage of the resources and strategic benefits of these centers. In this paper, we measure the po tentialities, based on the Plithogenic SWOT Analysis. The SWOT analysis …

Enhancing Medical X-Ray Image Classification With Neutrosophic Set Theory And Advanced Deep Learning Models, Walid Abdullah

Neutrosophic Sets and Systems

The classification of medical images presents significant challenges due to the presence of noise, uncertainty, and indeterminate information. Traditional deep learning models often struggle to manage this, leading to reduced diagnostic accuracy, especially when dealing with low-quality or ambiguous conditions. This paper proposes a hybrid approach that integrates Neutrosophic Set (NS) theory with deep learning models to enhance X-ray image classification under uncertain conditions. NS theory introduces three domains: True (T), Indeterminate (I), and False (F) to manage image uncertainty and noise, allowing deep learning models to better interpret complex, ambiguous visual information. To evaluate the approach, five state-of-the-art deep …

A Concise Formalization Of Hyperrealism-Antirealism In Physics Using Neutrosophic Logic, Takaaki Fujita, Florentin Smarandache, Victor Christianto

Neutrosophic Sets and Systems

In [6], the relationship between hyperrealism and antirealism in physics is proposed. Hyperrealism Antirealism describes a spectrum where theories transition from being empirically grounded (realist) to speculative frameworks dominated by untestable assumptions, thereby detaching from observable reality. This paper presents a concise mathematical formalization of the spectrum of hyperrealism-antirealism in theoretical physics and the philosophy of science. We propose a method to quantify the extent to which a theory is “hyperreal” or “antirealist” using a ratio of testable to untestable statements. Additionally, we provide several theorems that outline the conditions under which theories shift into hyperreal or antirealist domains. Finally, …

Edge Connectivity Of A Neutrosophic Graph, Aparna Tripathy, Amaresh Chandra Panada, Siva Prasad Behera, Bhabani S. Mohanty

Neutrosophic Sets and Systems

Neutosophic graphs are an extension of fuzzy and intuitionistic fuzzy graphs by including the uncertainty, vagueness, and indeterminacy that are normal in the real world. This paper looks into the edge connectivity of a neutrosophic graph, which is a basic parameter that shows how strong and fault-tolerant networks are that are modelled by these graphs. Edge connectivity, which is the smallest number of edges that need to be taken away from a graph to make it trivial or disconnected, is a key concept in figuring out how strong and resilient networks are in many situations. This paper also addresses computational …

The Double Integrals Of 2- Refined Neutrosophic Functions And Its Applications, Yaser Ahmad Alhasan, Asma Mohammed Alshallali, Qusay Alhassan

Neutrosophic Sets and Systems

The importance of this paper comes from the fact that it presented a study of the double integrals of 2- refined neutrosophic functions and its applications, where we presented several theories for the concept of the double integrals of 2- refined neutrosophic functions over a general region and over a rectangle, including the 2- refined neutrosophic Fubini’s theorem. In addition to discussing applications of double integrals of 2- refined neutrosophic functions to calculate the area of region. Also, We took into account the definition of the positive 2- refined neutrosophic number, and the n-refined AH-Isometry.

Complex Fermatean Neutrosophic Sets And Their Applications In Decision Making, Vijaya V, Said Broumi, Manikandan H

Neutrosophic Sets and Systems

Complex Neutrosophic Sets have emerged as a groundbreaking paradigm for handling uncertainty in complex-valued variables. By defining truth, indeterminacy, and falsity membership functions within the unit circle of the complex plane, this innovative framework provides a robust foundation for uncertainty management. This paper introduces a novel hesitance distance measure for Complex Fermatean Neutrosophic Sets, enabling the quantification of uncertainty in complex decision-making scenarios. The proposed distance measure is applied to solve a Multi-Criteria Decision Making Problem, demonstrating its effectiveness in handling uncertainty and ambiguity. This research has far-reaching implications for various fields, including decision theory, artificial intelligence, and operations research. …

Neutrosophic Sets And Systems, Vol. 81,2025, Florentin Smarandache, Mohamed Abdel-Basset, Maikel. Leyva Vazquez

Neutrosophic Sets and Systems

the whole of the volume

Drug Targets Illumination: An Evidence-Based Data Analytics & Informatics Approach To Hypothesis Generation Through Clinical Trials And Genomic Variants, Jeremiah I. Abok

Chemistry and Chemical Biology ETDs

DRUG TARGETS ILLUMINATION: AN EVIDENCE-BASED DATA ANALYTICS & INFORMATICS APPROACH TO HYPOTHESIS GENERATION THROUGH CLINICAL TRIALS AND GENOMIC VARIANTS

Target Illumination Clinical Trial Analytics with Cheminformatics (TICTAC) introduces a scalable data integration pipeline that aggregates multivariate clinical trial evidence to systematically rank disease–target associations. By harmonizing metadata from AACT and employing confidence-scoring techniques, TICTAC facilitates hypothesis-driven target selection for drug discovery, enabling a data-driven approach to therapeutic development. In parallel, a bioinformatics-driven analysis of gnomAD exome mutations in the ZPR1 gene highlights the broader role of genetic variants in disease association. By employing variant effect predictors, protein stability modeling, and …

The Relationship Between Closed-Loop Auditory Stimulation During Sleep And Eeg On Memory Consolidation, Hector Patricio Valverde

Psychology ETDs

Slow-wave sleep is critical for consolidating information into long-term memory. Past research has found this process can be enhanced using closed-loop auditory stimulation (CLAS), where pink noise tones are timed to slow oscillations using live EEG to increase slow wave amplitude and synchronize connections across the neocortex, thalamus, and hippocampus. In this study, subjects slept in our laboratory while receiving counterbalanced sham or verum CLAS. Memory retention scores were calculated using a paired associates word task completed before and after sleep. Subjective sleep quality scores were also obtained. A total of 33 verum and 35 sham nights of data were …

, Combine Knowledge And Similarity Measure To Solve Single Valued Neutrosophic Set Mcdm Problems, Nguyen Xuan Thao, Truong Thi Thuy Duong

Neutrosophic Sets and Systems

The Neutrosophics set have been paid attention of researchers using in many fields in the practice. It is a useful tool to deal with those complex problems. In this paper, we first investigat the knowledge measures on the Single neutrosophic set. Then, we introduce a new similarity measure of SNS that overcomes the restriction of some already existing similarity measure cases. A proposed measure-based multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) model was constructed. In this model the knowledge measure to determine the weight of each criterion and similarity measure to rank the alternatives. This model applied to solve the agricultural land selection. Finally, …

The Improper Neutrosophic Integrals, Yaser Ahmad Alhasan, Issam Mohammed Abdallah Abdalaziz, Raja Abdullah Abdulfatah, Florentin Smarandache

Neutrosophic Sets and Systems

In light of the expansion of research that dealt with the logic of the neutrosophic and its clear spread at the level of science, it was necessary for us to continue in the series of research that covers the calculus of neutrosophic integration, and this is what led us to study the improper neutrosophic integrals. This study dealt with the types of the improper neutrosophic integrals of the first and second kind. In addition, we discussed the concept of convergent and divergent neutrosophic integrals. As well as providing a set of examples related to these ideas.

Single-Valued Neutrosophic Graph With Heptapartitioend Structure, Hanaa Fathi, M. Myvizhi, Ahmed Abdelhafeez, Mohamed Refaat Abdellah, Mohamed Eassa, Mohamed S. Sawah, Hussam Elbehiery

Neutrosophic Sets and Systems

This study applies single-valued neutrosophic sets, which extend the frameworks of fuzzy and intuitionistic fuzzy sets, to graph theory. We introduce a new category of graphs called Single-Valued Heptapartitioned Neutrosophic Graphs (SVHNG) and investigate their characteristics through comprehensive proofs and illustrative examples.

Study Of Knowledge, Attitude, And Practice Of Self-Medication In Riobamba, Ecuador Based On An Indeterminate Likert Scale, Lizbeth Geovanna Silva-Guayasamín, Zully Mayra Romero-Orellana, Lisbeth Josefina Reales-Chacón, Isaac Germán Pérez-Vargas, Sulema De La Caridad Hernández-Batista, Carlos Antonio Escobar-Suárez, María López-Pino, Josselyn Gabriela Bonilla-Ayala

Neutrosophic Sets and Systems

Self-medication (SM) is a significant public health problem in Riobamba, Ecuador, characterized by the use of drugs without a prescription. This practice carries risks such as inappropriate drug use and antimicrobial resistance. This study assesses the prevalence, associated factors, and attitudes towards SM in Riobamba. To do so, data were collected from 383 city residents, who also responded to a survey. To ensure the accuracy of the results, we asked respondents to answer some questions based on an Indeterminate Likert Scale. In this way, people can evaluate each of the different opinions, thus obtaining a more reliable result of the …

Neutrosophic Formulation Of The Quadratic Transmuted Generalized Exponential Distribution: Properties And Applications, Kumarapandiyan Gnanasegaran, Benitta Susan Aniyan, Abdul Kani Jabarali

Neutrosophic Sets and Systems

The Quadratic Transmuted Generalized Exponential Distribution (QTGED) enhances the general ized exponential distribution, making it a significant development for handling complex decision-making con texts. Traditional statistical distributions often focus on representing degrees of truth or membership in fuzzy sets, yet they struggle to capture situations involving incomplete, vague, or contradictory data accurately. This study introduces the Neutrosophic Quadratic Transmuted Generalized Exponential Distribution (NQTGED), specifically designed to address indeterminacy and transmuted data. Neutrosophic theory is essential here, as it overcomes the limitations of classical and fuzzy set theories by effectively managing uncertainty, indetermi nacy, and inconsistency in data. By simultaneously representing …

Hypersoft Semi-Connected Spaces, Florentin Smarandache, V. Inthumathi, M. Amsaveni

Neutrosophic Sets and Systems

Neutrosophic sets are an important field of topology that deals with inconsistent, indeterminate, and uncertain circumstances in real life. Hypersoft sets have grown in popularity due to their ability to represent data as a collection of trait-valued disjoint sets that combine various attributes. Motivated by this concept, we introduce a new hyper-approach known as hypersoft semi-separated, which employs hypersoft semi-open sets [HSO]. This article presents several local properties of HSO sets, such as hypersoft semi-neighborhoods of hypersoft points and hypersoft semi-first countable spaces. Additionally, definitions of hypersoft semi-connected [HSCO] spaces, hypersoft locally semi-connected [HLSCO] spaces, and associated properties are provided. …

A Tree Soft Set Framework For Evaluating Teaching Quality In University Physics Programs: Enhancing Precision And Decision-Making, Hongzhi Zhao, Fengqiang Zhang

Neutrosophic Sets and Systems

Education in physics is at a crossroads. Numerous nations have middling or worse levels of scientific literacy, according to international research, and their students are viewed as being ill-equipped to handle the challenges going forward. The governmental level has acknowledged the necessity of high-quality development. The article focuses on evaluating physics education is taught and learned through experiments and real-world experiences. We propose a multi-criteria decision making (MCDM) approach to deal with various factors in evaluation of teaching quality in physics programs. We integrate the MCDM method with the Tree Soft Set (TSS) to show the relationship between the different …

Fermatean Neutrosophic Fuzzy Graphs: A Study On The Winner Index With Enhancing Election Analysis, Wadei Fares Al-Omeri, Kaviyarasu M, M. Rajeshwari

Neutrosophic Sets and Systems

In this article, we discuss the fermatean neutrosophic graph of Wiener index, which is an essential topological index formed according to geodesical distance of vertices. The Wiener index is an important factor to describe the structure of a graph and we de ned it in relation to fermatean neutrosophic graphs and computed it for some speci c fermatean neutrosophic graph structures including complete fermatean neutrosophic graphs, cycles and trees. Subsequently, the Wiener index is compared with the connectivity index, a core-degree based parameter, using a sequence of theorems. As an application the study responds to the di culties in election …

Topsis Approach For Madm Based On Quadripartitioned Single Valued Neutrosophic Refined Hamacher Aggregation Operations, Arokia Pratheesha S V, Annapoorna M S, Radha R, Parul Arora, Ritika Wason, Divya Baliga B

Neutrosophic Sets and Systems

Hamacher operators are extensively utilized in multicriteria attribute group decision-making (MAGDM) problems due to their remarkable adaptability provided by an adjustable parameter. Here, the Hamacher T-norm and T-conorm operations for two QSVNRNs are formulated.Using these Hamacher op erations, we present the quadripartitioned single-valued neutrosophic refined Hamacher weighted averaging (QSVNRHWA) operators within the QSVNR framework and analyze their properties.Finally, we explore a TOPSIS-based approach for multi-attribute decision-making problems that employs the QSVNRHWA opera tors, demonstrating its application in evaluating practical scenarios related to converting solid waste into energy.