Digital Commons Network^™

Numerical Techniques For Solving Ordinary Differentialequations With Uncertainty, Augus Kurian, I R. Sumathi

Neutrosophic Sets and Systems

In this article, we derive a numerical solution to the ordinary differential equation with a neutrosophic number as the initial condition.The Adams-Bashforth, Adams-Moulton, and predictorcorrector algorithms are used to solve the differential equation with hexagonal neutrosophic number as the initial condition. The convergence and stability of the methods are also investigated.

Preflters On Neutrosophic Sets, D. Keerthana, V. Visalakshi, C. Rajapandiyan, Saeid Jafari

Neutrosophic Sets and Systems

This paper introduces the concept of a prefilter on the collection of neutrosophic sets. The characteristic set and characteristic value of prefilters are introduced and their fundamental properties are explored. The relationships between filters and prefilters are examined, with particular emphasis on how ultrafilters correspond to maximal filters via specific mappings such as iK and wK Additionally, the concept of prime prefilters are defined and their basic properties are studied. The compatibility between filters and prefilters is also discussed.

N Xb* Gx - Closed Sets In Neutrosophic Topological Spaces, Suthi Keerthana Kumar, Vigneshwaran Mandarasalam, Saied Jafari, Vidyarani Lakshmanadas

Neutrosophic Sets and Systems

In neutrosophic topological spaces, the notion of neutrosophic xb* gx -closed sets, neutrosophic xb* gx -border, and neutrosophic xb* gx -frontier are described and their properties are discussed. The con- nection between neutrosophic xb* gx -frontier and neutrosophic xb* gx -border are established

Neutrosophic Analysis On Internalization Of Higher Education In Indian Perspective, Nivetha Martin, Said Broumi, N. Ramila Gandhi, P. Pandiammal

Neutrosophic Sets and Systems

The developing nations of the Asian continent, especially India, are trying to elevate the educational standards by inaugurating the portals of international institutional linkages. Collaboration with foreign universities provides opportunities for the aspiring students to confer degrees from world premier institutions by stationing in their host nation. At the same time, the consequential impacts of the institutional linkages beyond the contours of countries need special attention to investigate on the dimensions of social, economic and culture. This chapter aims to make an intensive study on the challenges and impacts of institutional linkages between Institutions belonging to developing and developed nations. …

On Perserving Neutrosophic G-Closed Sets, Archana Kumari Prasad, Samajh Singh Thakur, Saeid Jafari

Neutrosophic Sets and Systems

In this paper we extend the concepts of a-closed and a-continuous mappings to neutrosophic topological spaces and obtain several results concerning the preservation of neutrosophic g-closed sets. Further more we characterize neutrosophic T12 -spaces in terms of neutrosophic a-continuous and neutrosophic a-closed mappings and obtain some of the basic properties and characterization of these mappings

Schweizer-Sklar Power Aggregation Operators Based On Complexsingle-Valued Neutrosophic Information Using Smart And Their Application In Green Supply Chain Management, Priyadharshini S, Mohanaselvi S

Neutrosophic Sets and Systems

A complex single-valued neutrosophic (CSVN) set is a very useful tool to handle the uncertainty, inconsistency, and ambiguity of knowledge in a periodic framework. The Schweizer-Sklar (SS) t-norm (TN) and t-conorm (TCN) enhance the flexibility of a procedure for aggregation depending on its parameters, whereas the power aggregation(PA) operator prevents insufficient impact of excessively high or low arguments on the results. Based on the idea of Schweizer-Sklar power aggregation operators, this paper aims to propose a number of aggregation operators such as complex single-valued neutrosophic Schweizer-Sklar power weighted averaging (CSVNSSPWA), complex single-valued neutrosophic Schweizer-Sklar power ordered weighted averaging (CSVNSSPOWA). Weights …

Spherical Fermatean Neutrosophic Topology, P. Roopadevi, M. Karpagadevi, S. Gomathi, S. Krishnaprakash, Said Broumi

Neutrosophic Sets and Systems

In this paper, we introduce Spherical Fermatean Neutrosophic Topological Spaces (SFNTS), ex- panding on neutrosophic sets characterized by Degrees of Membership (DoM), Degrees of Indeterminacy (DoI) and Degrees of Non-Membership (DoN). Fermatean neutrosophic sets in a universe satisfy the conditions where the sum of the cubes of the DoM and DoN is between zero and one and the cube of the DoI is between zero and one. The DoM, DoI and DoN are represented accordingly. We de ne a Spherical Fermatean Neutrosophic Set (SFNS) as a set where each element consists of an element in the universe, along with its …

Neutrosophic Set Connected Mappings, S. S. Thakur, S. Jafari, G. Nordo

Neutrosophic Sets and Systems

In this paper, the concept of neutrosophic connectedness between neutrosophic sets in neutrosophic topological spaces has been introduced. It is shown that a neutrosophic topological space is neutrosophic connected if and only if it is neutrosophic connected between every pair of its nonempty neutrosophic sets. Further, a new class of mappings called neutrosophic set connected mappings has been defined. It is shown that the class of all neutrosophic continuous mappings is a subclass all neutrosophic set-connected mappings. Several properties and characterizations of neutrosophic set-connected mappings in neutrosophic topological spaces have been studied.

On Diminishing Fuzzy Neutrosophic Topological Spaces Over Nano Topology, Jansirani N, Vasugi T, Kamal Nasir V

Neutrosophic Sets and Systems

As an extension and also, a necessity to compute the indeterminacy, the concept of diminishing fuzzy sets is protracted to introduce the conception of diminishing fuzzy (single-valued) neutrosophic sets in the standard unit interval. In addition, the axioms of neutrosophic topological spaces are extended to config- ure the collection, diminishing fuzzy neutrosophic topology, and also, the basic theorems of nano topology is incorporated to the case of diminishing fuzzy neutrosophic set in terms of the approximation space and the boundary region by acquiring the same operators for the quantities, non-membership and indeterminacy are also discussed. Moreover, a nano continuous function …

Modified Explicit Scheme For Solving Neutrosophic Fuzzy Heat Equation, Hamzeh Zureigat

Neutrosophic Sets and Systems

In this paper, an explicit finite difference method is developed and applied for the first time to solve the neutrosophic fuzzy heat equation. For this purpose, the triangular neutrosophic number is used in both the neutrosophic exact and numerical solution. In addition, solutions of neutrosophic fuzzy heat equation were observed at the (��, ��, ��)-cut with varied time scales. Also, the error between the analytical and numerical solution obtained on the (��, ��, ��)-cut is evaluated and illustrated. A good amount of agreement is seen using closed-form and numerical solutions.

Various Degrees Of Directed Single Valued Neutrosophic Graphs, V. Visalakshi, D. Keerthana, C. Rajapandiyan, Saeid Jafari

Neutrosophic Sets and Systems

This paper introduces the concept of Directed Single Valued Neutrosophic Graphs (DSVNG) and explains how to determine the degree and total degree of vertices, considering both indegree and outdegree, along with the maximum and minimum degrees of a DSVNG. The properties of these aspects are analyzed through examples. Additionally, the paper identifies the effective edges of a DSVNG and explores the effective indegree, effective outdegree of vertices, as well as the effective maximum and minimum degrees in relation to indegree and outdegree with examples.

A Study On The Number Of Neutrosophic Crisp Topological Spaces In A Finite Set, Jili Basumatary, Bhimraj Basumatary

Neutrosophic Sets and Systems

The computation of formulae for the number of topological spaces is one of the challenging areas of study. The present work aims to find formulae to compute the number of neutrosophic crisp topological spaces having 2-NCrOSs, 3-NCrOSs, and 4-NCrOSs.

Application Of Neutrosophic Fourier Transform In Solving Heat Equation And Integral Equation, Prasen Boro, Bhimraj Basumatary

Neutrosophic Sets and Systems

Fourier transform is one of the oldest and well-known technique in the field of mathematics and engineering mathematical works. As the concept of uncertainty has been introduced in the mathematics, most of the works gravitate towards the use Neutrosophic set. So, it is also important to study the Fourier transform in the sense of Neutrosophic set. In this paper we have applied the Neutrosophic Fourier transform in solving heat equation, and integral equation. Where detailed examples are given to clarify each case

More On Neutrosophic Topology, S. Jafari, G. Nordo, S. S. Thakur

Neutrosophic Sets and Systems

The aim of this paper is to introduce the notion of neutrosophic singletons and the induced neutrosophic topology. We also study some of its basic properties.

(M,A,N)-Fuzzy Neutrosophic Sets And Their Topological Structure, Samajh Singh Thakur, Saeid Jafari

Neutrosophic Sets and Systems

In this paper the concept of (m, a, n)-fuzzy neutrosophic set is introduced and its basic operations are studied. It is shown by examples that the class of (m, a, n)-fuzzy neutrosophic sets properly contains the class of q-rung orthopair neutrosophic sets. Moreover, a topological structure on (m, a, n)-fuzzy neutrosophic sets is created, and the topological notions such as closure, interior, subspace, connectedness, and separation axioms, are extended to (m, a, n)-fuzzy neutrosophic sets and explore their properties in (m, a, n)-fuzzy neutrosophic topological spaces.

A Neutrosophic Solution Of Heat Equation By Neutrosophic Laplace Transform, Gugu Narzary, Bhimraj Basumatary, Giorgio Nordo

Neutrosophic Sets and Systems

This article aims to study the one-dimensional neutrosophic heat equation. In this study, we discuss the one-dimensional heat equation using neutrosophic numbers and provide numerical example to demonstrate the effectiveness of the neutrosophic Laplace transform method.

Key Performance Indicators In Technology Firms Using Generalized Fermatean Neutrosophic Competition Graph, Wadei Faris Al-Omeri, M Kaviyarasu, M Rajeshwari

Neutrosophic Sets and Systems

This study investigates fermatean neutrosophic digraphs, generalized fermatean neutrosophic digraphs, and the out-neighborhood of vertices inside generalized fermatean neutrosophic digraphs. It looks at the qualities and characteristics of generalized fermatean neutrosophic competition graphs and their matrix representations. It also establishes the minimal graph, competition number for generalized fermatean neutrosophic competition graphs, and relevant features. Finally, the paper addresses a practical implementation of these ideas.

Integrated Merec-Cocoso Approach Using Score Function Ofneutrosophic For Location Selection Of Special Economic Zone, Debashis Ghosh, Bahnishikha Roy Muhuri, G. S. Mahapatra, B. S. Mahapatra

Neutrosophic Sets and Systems

Special economic zones (SEZs) are essential if a developing country is to boost economic growth. The selection of an SEZ site might be viewed as a multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) difficulty because of the many conflicting aspects connected to different locations. This work presents a flexible neutrosophic MCDM approach for optimal SEZ site search. The single-valued neutrosophic sets transform the qualitative evaluation of the criteria for SEZ alternatives into a quantitative evaluation. The method based on removal effect on criteria (MEREC) approach is improved in a neutrosophic environment to ascertain the relevance of every characteristic of SEZ alternatives. We suggested a …

Strategy Selection For Natural Resource Conservation Capturingvagueness Through Integrated Neutrosophic Critic-Maircaapproach, Bahnishikha Roy Muhuri, M. K. Mondal, Florentin Smarandache, G. S. Mahapatra, B. S. Mahapatra

Neutrosophic Sets and Systems

Conservation of natural resources like water, soil, and biodiversity is necessary for ecological balance and human survival. This article aims to identify potential ways to conserve natural resources while maintaining a balance between ecology and human survival. An integrated neutrosophic CRiteria Importance Through Intercriteria (CRITIC)-Multi-Atributive Ideal-Real Comparative Analysis (MAIRCA) approach is developed to handle uncertain and inconsistent information. The linguistic assessments of the criteria are quantified through single-valued neutrosophic sets (SVNSs). The CRITIC method evaluates the criteria weights to avoid subjective and biased assessments. The MAIRCA approach is improved in a neutrosophic context to identify the ranking of the alternatives. …

Wagon Tracks Volume 38, Issue 4 (August 2024)

Wagon Tracks

Contents

2 On the Cover: Horse Drinking from the Cimarron River: Timothy K. Lewis

4 Trail Writings: Chris Day

5-6 Joanne’s Jottings

7 Arrow Rock Ferry Site Expands

8-9 News along the Trail: In Memoriam: Bill Drewes Kathleen S. Pickard

10-11 Road of Conquest: Another View of the Santa Fe Trail Rendezvous 2024

12-18 Sibley Expedition in Northeastern New Mexico By L. Stephen Schmidt

18 National Historic Trails: What are They? By L. Stephen Schmidt

20-23 Cold Springs and the Santa Fe Trail By Dan and Carol Sharp

24-27 A Long and Useful for the Santa Fe Trail By T. …

Methods For Efficient Computation Of Neutron Multiplicity Distributions And Snm Sample Characterization, Jawad Ribhi Moussa

Nuclear Engineering ETDs

This dissertation advances neutron multiplicity counting (NMC) by developing a hierarchy of computational methods that combine deterministic and stochastic techniques with modern machine learning for improved special nuclear material (SNM) characterization. A system state-updating Monte Carlo method is introduced in addition to a dynamic point kinetic model based on a backward Master equation (BME) formulation. These models, along with newly developed distribution reconstruction methods, enable more efficient computation of neutron count distributions in a fixed detector time-gate. NMC limitations associated with finite-size and neutron phase effects are also addressed by extending the BME model to account for time-gated neutron count …

An Efficient Superhypersoft Framework For Evaluating Llms-Based Secure Blockchain Platforms, Mona Mohamed, Alaa Elmor, Florentin Smarandache, Ahmed A. Metwaly

Neutrosophic Sets and Systems

In the age of modern technology, the use of the internet has become imperative. However, this widespread access presents a double-edged sword and opens doors for hackers and scammers to exploit vulnerabilities and engage in illegal activities. Accordingly, scholars and stakeholders are attempting to solve this matter. Large Language Models (LLMs) have provided highly effective methodologies and solutions in various cybersecurity sectors. Hence, we exhibited the efficacy of LLMs in several information and communication technologies (ICT) such as the Internet of Things (IoT), cloud computing, blockchain technology (BCT)…etc which are attacked and threatened. Accordingly, the objective of our study is …

Evaluating The Nuclear Power Plant Safety System Under Neutrosophic Environment, Debapriya Mondal, Totan Garai, Gopal Chandra Roy, Shariful Alam

Neutrosophic Sets and Systems

The safety system of nuclear power plants is very crucial for protecting the environment and the living world. In this article, we have addressed the nuclear power plant safety system in a neutrosophic environment. Here, we have mathematically presented a nuclear power plant safety system in terms of neutrosophic differential equations. We have thoroughly examined and discussed both analytically and numerically the solution of the nuclear power plant safety model considering the underlying model parameter as single-valued triangular neutrosophic number. We have focused to find out probability of the nuclear power plant’s safety system working normally and shutdown in safe …

Neutrosophic Quadruple Hv-Modules And Their Fundamental Module, Madeleine Al Tahan, Saba Al-Kaseasbeh, Bijan Davvaz

Neutrosophic Sets and Systems

This article aims to explore the deeper connections between neutrosophy and hyperstructures. Specifically, we introduce the concept of neutrosophic quadruple Hv-modules over neutrosophic quadruple Hv rings, examine their properties, and identify their fundamental module.

The 2-Refined Neutrosophic Fraction Function And Its Integrals, Yaser Ahmad Alhasan, Suliman Sheen, Qusay Ahassan

Neutrosophic Sets and Systems

The goal of this article is to study the 2-refined neutrosophic fraction function and its integrals. We were defining the 2-refined neutrosophic fraction function and discussing Algorithm for finding the integral of the 2-refined neutrosophic proper rational function and introduce the integral of the 2-refined neutrosophic improper rational functions. Where each case was explained by given specific examples

A Novel And An Efficient Codas Technique To Solve Real-Life Magdm Problems In Fermatean Neutrosophic Environment, S. Bhuvaneshwari, C. Antony Crispin Sweety, Akanksha Singh, Said Broumi, Mohamed Talea, Prasanta Kumar Raut

Neutrosophic Sets and Systems

As a generalization of fuzzy sets and intuitionistic fuzzy sets, neutrosophic sets, and their combinations have been developed to represent uncertain, imprecise, incomplete, and inconsistent information existing in the real world. A neutrosophic set has the potential to be a general framework for uncertainty analysis in various spectra. On the other hand, the idea of Fermatean neutrosophic sets (FNSs) is the hybrid model of Fermatean fuzzy sets and neutrosophic sets, developed to enable the analytical management of ambiguous data from relatively typical real world decision-making scenarios. In this work, we develop an algorithm to compare the Fermatean neutrosophic set and …

The Structure Of The Binary Two Fold Algebra Based On Intuitionistic Fuzzy Groups, Ramazan Yasar, Ahmed Hatip

Neutrosophic Sets and Systems

In this paper, we study the binary two-fold algebra built over intuitionistic fuzzy groups, where the two-fold binary operations and some related substructures such as binary two-fold sub-algebras of intuitionistic fuzzy groups two-fold algebras, binary two-fold centers, binary normality, binary two-fold group products. On the other hand, we illustrate many examples to explain the validity of our discussion

Introduction To Neutrosophic Soft Ideal Topological Spaces, Aysegul Caksu Guler

Neutrosophic Sets and Systems

In this paper, we give the definition of neutrosophic soft Cl∗ -closure, which is more general than neutrosophic soft closure of neutrosophic soft set, with the help of neutrosophic soft ideal and neutrosophic soft point. Then we investigate some basic properties of this new concept. Moreover, we define the notion of τ ∗ and give the concept of neutrosophic soft-I−compactness. Besides, we examine the relationship between these concepts and give the relations with previously given concepts

, Circular Economy Strategies To Promote Sustainable Development Using T-Neutrosophic Fuzzy Graph, M. Kaviyarasu, Hossein Rashmanlou, Saeed Kosari, Said Broumi, R. Venitha, M. Rajeshwari, Farshid Mofidnakhaei

Neutrosophic Sets and Systems

This study discusses the use of t-neutrosophic graphs to express and understand complex interactions. It also shows how these graphs might manage intricate relationships with a wide range of variables or scenario elements. Additionally, it offers fundamental t-neutrosophic graph operations and talks about concepts in these graphs such as homomorphism and isomorphism. Additionally, the study addresses how this approach may be applied in practical contexts to address circular economies and sustainability growth. Through the use of t-neutrosophic graphs, various components, and their connections, the research demonstrates that managing the several circular dimensions is feasible. financial system. This example shows how …

Unveiling Uncertainty: Neutrosophic Set-Based Algorithms For Robust Decision-Making, A. A. Salama, Huda E. Khalid, Ahmed G. Mabrouk

Neutrosophic Sets and Systems

Traditional decision-making methods often struggle with inherent uncertainty and imprecision in data. Neutrosophic set-based algorithms offer a novel approach by incorporating degrees of truth, indeterminacy, and falsity. This paper explores the structure and implementation of these algorithms, highlighting their potential to handle real-world complexities. The application of neutrosophic sets in medical diagnosis is presented as a case study, demonstrating how the algorithm aids in evaluating probabilities for various diagnoses under uncertain conditions. The paper concludes by discussing limitations and potential applications in diverse fields.