Digital Commons Network^™

Lessons From Tanzania’S Ujamaa For Smart Settlements In Nepal: Social Justice And Economic Development, Keshav Bhattarai, Ambika P. Adhikari

Himalayan Research Papers Archive

Nepal’s constitutional commitment to a “socialism-oriented” state places social justice, equitable access to resources and housing, and protection of marginalized populations at the center of national development discourse. However, persistent landlessness, informal settlements, unemployment, youth outmigration, and unequal access to infrastructure reveal a significant gap between constitutional aspirations and socioeconomic realities.

This article examines lessons Nepal can draw from Tanzania’s experience with Ujamaa, the African socialist development model initiated by President Nyerere in 1967. Using comparative policy analysis, published research, official documents, and exploratory field observations from selected Tanzanian locations, including the capital and villages in the Iringa Region, the …

Understanding The Long-Run Effect Of Historical Redlining Practices, Yujian Lu

Geography ETDs

Historical redlining practices initiated by Home Owners’ Loan Corporation (HOLC) in the 1930s have produced enduring persistent socioeconomic and environmental disparities in U.S. cities. This dissertation examines their long-term impacts on social vulnerability, urban flood risk, along with public discourse about redlining practices. Results indicate that neighborhoods with HOLC grade A (greenlined) exhibit the lowest overall social vulnerability, while those graded D (redlined) face the highest across U.S. cities. In Chicago, associations between redlining practices and flood risk disparities are stronger than in Los Angeles, reflecting place-specific characteristics among environmental, socioeconomic, and demographic factors shaping flood risk disparities in long …

Keeping Communities Safe Through An Alternative First Response Model: Predictors Of Civilian First Responders’ Self-Efficacy In Handling Crisis Situations, Jasmine Desiderio

Organization, Information and Learning Sciences ETDs

The expansion of civilian alternative first responder models reflects a national shift toward community-based approaches to crisis intervention. Grounded in Albert Bandura’s social learning theory, this study examined the extent to which demographic characteristics are associated with crisis self-efficacy, explored how perceptions of the responder role relate to confidence, and identified supports necessary for effective crisis response. A convergent parallel mixed-methods design was employed with civilian first responders in Albuquerque, New Mexico. Quantitative data were collected with the Crisis Self-Efficacy Scale, and semi-structured interviews gathered qualitative data. Exploratory regression analyses (n=31) were not reliably associated with crisis self-efficacy, while role …

Core Sipp Community Collaboration Report, Yvonnie Baik, Mahtab Soleimani, Camille Velarde, Elena E. Martinez, Theresa H. Cruz

Reports & Documents

The New Mexico Core State Injury Prevention Program (Core SIPP), in partnership with the University of New Mexico Division of Prevention and Population Sciences, implemented the Community Collaboration Initiative to support community-led, upstream approaches to injury and violence prevention. Five community-based organizations across New Mexico received funding to develop and implement projects addressing shared risk and protective factors identified through advisory group input and community listening sessions. Programs emphasized youth leadership, mentorship, cultural identity, healthy relationships, mental and behavioral wellness, community connectedness, and access to supportive adults and resources.

Across the five projects, 68 youth participated in programming. A retrospective …

What’S Past Is Prologue: Prior Convictions As Evidence Of Dangerousness In State V. Romero, Alexander Guel-James

New Mexico Law Review

State v. Romero marked the first time the New Mexico Court of Appeals considered whether a New Mexico law disarming every person with a state felony conviction was unconstitutional under the Second Amendment. The court upheld the law, but only to the extent that it disarmed dangerous felons. The court found that the appellant was dangerous because he was previously convicted of dangerous crimes. This note questions whether prior convictions alone are sufficient to prove dangerousness. Criminal justice data and constitutional theory caution against dangerousness findings based on criminal history alone. Courts should determine dangerousness under the disarmament law using …

Alternative Positioning, Navigation, And Timing In Global Navigation Satellite System Denied Environments, Joshua R. Atencio

Electrical and Computer Engineering ETDs

Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) provide the majority of critical positioning, navigation, and timing (PNT) services for civilian, commercial, and military applications. However, GNSS is vulnerable to service denial from spoofing and jamming from adversaries and environmental obstruction. These vulnerabilities highlight the need for resilient Alternative PNT (APNT) methods. This dissertation investigates APNT frameworks operating in GNSS denied environments. We develop coalition formation and matching theoretic models that allow users APNT services from anchor nodes under resource constraints and in adversarial or emergency conditions. The proposed frameworks optimize positioning accuracy, network utility, and system stability while accounting for geometric dilution …

Blockade Logic: Settler Consciousness And The Petro-Security Apparatus, Sarah Seroy

Communication ETDs

This study examines contemporary CID legislation and surrounding political rhetoric in Canada and its implications for Indigenous communities. It reveals how settler consciousness is affirmed through such legislation and how discourse rooted in colonial logics serves to strengthen Canada’s petro-security apparatus. Drawing from Teun van Dijk’s (1995) method of Ideological Discourse Analysis and integrating Indigenous epistemologies, it offers a research approach of anticolonial discourse analysis. This analysis reveals CID legislation as a racialized, colonial tool and a form of biopower the settler-state exerts over Indigenous communities. It normalizes settler-state hegemony and justifies the ongoing dispossession of Indigenous communities. This study …

From Our Stories, To Our Streets (Osos), Jennifer Lopez

Student Publications

Youth traffic safety persists as a critical planning challenge and public health concern in New Mexico, where pedestrian fatality rates consistently rank among the highest in the United States (National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, NTSA, Governors Highway Safety Association, GHSA, 2023; Baca, 2025). Students (children), due to their daily interactions with roadways, whether when they walk, bike, ride transit, or drive/get driven to and from school, are among the most vulnerable groups within the transportation system (Ferenchak, N. Wesley, M., 2017. For many students in Albuquerque, the commute to or from school is one of the most dangerous parts of …

The Road Less Traveled: The Path To A Right Of Intrastate Travel In State Constitutions, Katherine S. Leung

New Mexico Law Review

The existence of a right of intrastate travel implicates basic liberties like visiting parks, driving to visit family in another city, going to church or the doctor, or voting. In addition to its importance to everyday, basic liberties, the right of intrastate travel is important for vulnerable populations, like disaster evacuees, unhoused people subject to displacement, and people seeking abortions in states without uniform availability, like New Mexico. Despite the essential nature of the implicated actions, federal courts do not agree on whether the U.S. Constitution guarantees the right of intrastate travel. This comment argues that the right of intrastate …

Risk And Protective Factors Related To Adolescents Carrying Firearms At School, Mahtab Soleimani, Courtney A. Fitzgerald, Theresa H. Cruz

Reports & Documents

No abstract provided.

Comparing Microgrids With Nuclear Energy: Which Is Better To Catapult New York Toward Its Green Energy Future?, Justin R. Ochs

Natural Resources Journal

This Note examines New York’s climate goals under the Climate Leadership and Community Protection Act (CLCPA) by comparing two pivotal energy solutions: nuclear energy and microgrids. Microgrids remain notably underexplored in legal scholarship, particularly their potential to achieve compliance with the CLCPA. By analyzing the economic, environmental, regulatory, and public perception challenges associated with nuclear energy and microgrids, this Note argues that microgrids offer a safer, more flexible, and sustainable option for accelerating New York’s path toward its green energy future. This Note evaluates microgrid projects across New York, along with common critiques regarding the scalability and viability of hybrid …

Urban Shadows In Latin America: Detection Of Crime Hotspots Using Multivariate, Geospatial, And Neutrosophic Analytic Hierarchy Process (Nahp) Analytical Techniques, Johnny Pambabay-Calero, Sergio Bauz-Olvera, Oscar Scott-Macías, Pedro Luzuriaga Cedeño, Purificación Galindo-Villardón

Neutrosophic Sets and Systems

In recent years, Guayaquil fell prey to higher levels of organized extortion compared to territorialized criminal organizations over territory, institutional weaknesses, and socio-spatial inequalities. Thus, while extortion emerged as an increasingly specialized crime, there are limited empirical studies to evaluate the crime's spatiotemporal nature or its determinants. Therefore, this study aims to identify and characterize extortion "criminal severity zones" of Guayaquil from 2021-2024, via a novel geostatistical approach, in addition to the Neutrosophic Analytic Hierarchy Process (NAHP). By implementing Exploratory Spatial Data Analysis (ESDA), Kernel Density Estimation (KDE), dimensionality reduction techniques (PCA, MDS, and t-SNE), hierarchical clustering, and Bayesian hierarchical …

Prioritizing Penal Reforms For Adolescents In Ecuador: Using Neutrosophic Topsis And Hausdorff Distance, Mesías Elías Machado Maliza, Oscar Gonzalo Jácome Merino, Luis Ramiro Ayala Ayala, José Milton Jiménez Montenegro, Otto F. Von Feigenblatt

Neutrosophic Sets and Systems

This question builds upon the issue of Ecuador's minors not being liable as growing juvenile delinquents and those between 16-18 not receiving punishment for their actions will only foster more juvenile delinquents and complicate public safety and socio-protective efforts. This question is increasingly urgent given the recent upsurge in juvenile delinquency—grave crimes—and the vulnerable balance that exists between juvenile rights and social equity. While the literature is rich regarding the phenomenon of juvenile crime and delinquency, very few offer a truly feasible methodology that integrates equity, punishment, and social responsibility given the assessed social reality. Therefore, the neutrosophic TOPSIS method …

Neutrosophic Framework For Violence Prediction In Urban Environments: A Hybrid Approach Integrating Fsqca And Machine Learning For Public Safety Decision-Making, Alfonso Aníbal Guijarro Rodríguez, Tatiana Mabel Alcívar Maldonaldo, Leili Genoveva Lopezdominguez, Matilde Briggitte Silvers Briones, John Henry Fernández Vera

Neutrosophic Sets and Systems

In the context of citizen security, predictive systems for urban violence are essential for preventive decision-making and the efficient allocation of security resources. This work proposes an innovative neutrosophic framework that integrates Fuzzy Qualitative Qualitative Comparative Analysis ( fsQCA ) with Machine Learning algorithms to predict urban violence patterns in complex and uncertain environments. Neutrosophic logic allows handling the uncertainty, imprecision and inconsistencies inherent in social data, while fsQCA identifies complex causal configurations that traditional statistical methods cannot capture. The developed hybrid model combines Random Forest, fuzzy logic, and neutrosophic logic are used to process homicide data, demographic variables, and …

Neutrosophic Sets And Systems, Vol. 92, 2025, Florentin Smarandache, Maikel Yelandi Leyva, Mohamed Abdel‑Basset

Neutrosophic Sets and Systems

No abstract provided.

Probabilistic Simplified Neutrosophic Sets For Safety Risk Analysis Of Complex System Failures Under Artificial Intelligence Environment, Jing Ning

Neutrosophic Sets and Systems

No abstract provided.

Neutrosophic Psychological Profiles In Habeas Corpus: An Analysis Of Judicial Indeterminacy, Esther Maricela Coello Avilés, Kevin Luis Flores Vega, Josselyn Bryggitte Vilela Verdezoto

Neutrosophic Sets and Systems

This study investigates the psychological influences, particularly indeterminacy, on judges' and lawyers' decisions regarding habeas corpus, an area underexplored in legal psychology which traditionally focuses on cognitive bias and emotional processing. Employing Neutrosophic Psychology, the research utilized semi-structured interviews and neutrosophic questionnaires with 60 legal practitioners to analyze their levels of acceptance, rejection, and indeterminacy. The findings reveal significant indeterminacy in granting or denying habeas corpus, fueled by a persistent tension between sympathetic and conservative leanings. Key impactful variables identified include existential factors, social pressures, and personal values. Ultimately, the study validates Neutrosophic Psychology as an applicable framework in the …

Resolving Contradictions In Public Policies On Child Begging: An N- Alectic Approach, Esther Maricela Coello Avilés, Kevin Luis Flores Vega, Keyla Nayely Casquete Cedeño

Neutrosophic Sets and Systems

This project fills a wicked problem gap with policy assessments relative to child begging—a condition that keeps children in a vulnerable state within the confines of the urban setting—and the literature gap exists because while prior researchers aimed to review child begging policy assessments, none have done so from an dialectic, multidisciplinary, moral and social intersectional perspective. Filling the literature gap relevance is about contribution to the field because many of these policies stem from an otherwise noble cause to either imprison or render assistance to vulnerable children yet fail when a poorly socioeconomic population's public safety gets in the …

Finite Element Investigation Of Blast Load Responses In Nuclear Power Plant Containment Structures, Janak Raj Awasthi

Civil Engineering ETDs

Some significant incidents like the Chernobyl disaster (1986), the Fukushima Daiichi hydrogen explosion (2011), and some frequent military and terror threats to the nuclear Power plant structures have led to studying the capacity of power plant structures to withstand blast loadings. From this research, even one-third of the loss of the coolant is enough to damage the power plant structure. Crack starts from the wall and propagates toward the top of the dome and the foundation. The external blast shows high damage symptoms near the foundation area. Most of the steel members, including the rebars, Liner, and Tendons, showed high …

Self-Determination In The Implementation Of Treaty Reserved Rights, Kekek Jason Stark

Tribal Law Journal

No abstract provided.

Walking The Line On Safety And Free Speech: Sidestepping First Amendment Challenges To Median Bans, Taylor J. Black

New Mexico Law Review

In 2021, the Tenth Circuit held a ban targeting pedestrians on street medians in Albuquerque, New Mexico unconstitutional under the First Amendment. Citing a crisis of pedestrian fatalities, Albuquerque has since promulgated a new pedestrian-safety ordinance with an adjusted median ban that prohibits pedestrians from sitting or standing on certain street medians. This ban not only fails to increase pedestrian safety but also arbitrarily blames the city’s poorest residents and poses a threat to First Amendment freedoms. Because the city cannot produce case-specific evidence to show that the ban is narrowly tailored to ameliorate a nonspeculative harm, the current ban …

Essential Pillars For The Post-2026 Colorado River Guidelines, Anne Castle, John Fleck, Eric Kuhn, Jack Schmidt, Kathryn Sorensen, Katherine Tara

The Traveling Wilburys of the Colorado River

The process for determining the operating rules for the Colorado River system that will take effect in 2027 is in full swing. While various alternative operating regimes have been proposed, no preferred or consensus alternative has yet emerged. As a group of experienced Colorado River colleagues without affiliation to any Basin State, Tribe, or interested stakeholder, we submit that there are fundamental principles that should form the basis of the ultimate Record of Decision defining management of the Colorado River for the future. We propose the following essential pillars for inclusion in the Post-2026 Guidelines.

Mathematics & Statistics 2025 Apr Self-Study & Documents, Unm Academic Program Review

UNM Academic Program Review

UNM Mathematics & Statistics APR self-study report, review team report, response report, and initial action plan for Spring 2025, fulfilling requirements of the Higher Learning Commission.

The Pulse - March 20, 2025, Unm Hsc Marketing & Communications

The Pulse

Weekly newsletter of the UNM Health Sciences Center.

Landlord Licensure: A Pathway To Improved Rental Housing In New Mexico, Stefanie N. Jock

New Mexico Law Review

Over a thousand different professions throughout the United States are subject to occupational regulations for the purpose of protecting public health, safety, and welfare. Yet, few professions are as crucial to public health, safety and welfare as the business that controls access to rental housing. The availability of rental housing is critical to the people of New Mexico due to the state’s high percentage of low-income households and the shortage of affordable housing units available in recent years. Thus, low-income renters in New Mexico are often left dealing with substandard housing conditions or paying a significant portion of their income …

Decision Making And Performance Optimization In Distributed Cyber Physical Networks, Md Sahabul Hossain

Electrical and Computer Engineering ETDs

Cyber-Physical Systems (CPSs) integrate computation, networking, and physical processes, while Cyber-Physical Networks (CPNs) enable communication and coordination among components. With advances in IoT and smart devices, CPSs are increasingly vital for applications such as smart grids, industrial automation, and autonomous vehicles. This dissertation explores decision making and performance optimization in Distributed Cyber-Physical Networks (DCPNs), focusing on efficiency, reliability, decentralization, and security. Using network economic theories (e.g., game theory, contract theory) and machine learning (e.g., Reinforcement Learning, Federated Learning), it addresses key problems: 1) a cost-effective positioning system with Reconfigurable Intelligent Surfaces (RISs) and RL, 2) energy-efficient task offloading in Multi-access …

Dental Therapy In Washington State: Exploring Dental Hygienists’ Perceptions And Attitudes Towards An Emerging Workforce Model, Soy Mouy Gearheart

Dental Hygiene ETDs

Purpose: This study examines dental hygienists' perceptions of dental therapy in Washington State. Methods: A cross-sectional survey utilizing a Likert-scale questionnaire was conducted among dental hygienists recruited from Washington State Dental Jobs Facebook groups. Descriptive statistics and cross-tabulation analysis examined key variables. Results:Of the 46 participants (n=46), 72% reported that they believed dental therapy could improve access to care in underserved areas. Concerns about current educational standards for safe practice were noted. 11% expressed interest in pursuing a dental therapy degree within the next five years, motivated by interest and career opportunities. Notably, 67% of all male respondents indicated …

Neutrosophic Cognitive Map For The Analysis Of Substances Subject To Control, Bryan Joel Morales Sánchez, Cristian Fernando Benavides Salazar, Julio Cesar Benavides Salazar, Erika Estefanía Barreiro Cedeño, Yusleidy Marlie Gordo Gómez

Neutrosophic Sets and Systems

This study addresses the central problem of analyzing the commercialization of controlled substances using a neutrosophic cognitive map approach, a tool that has been little explored in this context. The need to investigate this phenomenon lies in the increasing complexity and ambiguity of controlled substances markets, where factors such as regulation, consumer behavior, government policies, and the evolution of supply and demand, generate a highly uncertain and dynamic environment. Despite previous research in the field of commercialization of these substances, traditional approaches fail to capture the interaction and combined effects of the multiple elements that influence the market. This study …

Evaluation Of Public Policy Management In Strengthening Citizen Se-Curity Through The Plithogenic Hypothesis Approach, Julio Cesar Vidal Rischmoller, Rosa Maria Criollo Delgado, Eluar Alexander Mendoza Zenozain

Neutrosophic Sets and Systems

Improving public safety with laws is hard because there are lots of problems in society today.While more studies are being conducted, there are still unknowns, especially with various factors at play.In this article, we will discuss how the plithogenic hypothesis can help us mix ideas and improve our understanding of how pub-lic policies function.We review government choices to keep people safe.Studies have shown that this idea is helpful for looking at different parts of public management and understanding how things are connected.The findings prove that this method not only fixes a problem on paper, but also helps us make choices …

Tribal Vaccine Equity Conference Evaluation Results 2024, Camille R. Velarde, Kateri Chino

Posters and Presentations

No abstract provided.