Digital Commons Network^™

Cross-Cultural Applicability Of Eye-Tracking In Assessing Attention To Emotional Faces In Preschool-Aged Children, Sara S Nozadi, Andrea Aguiar, Ruofei Du, Elizabeth A Enright, Susan L Schantz, Curtis Miller, Brandon Rennie, Mallery Quetawki, Debra Mackenzie, Johnnye L Lewis

Pediatrics Research and Scholarship

Humans show an attention bias toward emotional versus neutral information, which is considered an adaptive pattern of information processing. Deviations from this pattern have been observed in children with socially withdrawn behaviors, with most research being conducted in controlled settings among children from urban areas. The goal of the current study was to examine the cross-cultural applicability of two eye-tracking-based measures in assessing attention biases and their relations to children's symptoms of socially withdrawn behaviors in two independent and diverse samples of preschool children. The cross-cultural comparison was conducted between the Navajo Birth Cohort study (NBCS), an indigenous cohort with …

2022 American College Of Rheumatology Guideline For Exercise, Rehabilitation, Diet, And Additional Integrative Interventions For Rheumatoid Arthritis, Bryant R England, Benjamin J Smith, Nancy A Baker, Jennifer L Barton, Carol A Oatis, Gordon Guyatt, Allen Anandarajah, Kristine Carandang, Karmela Kim Chan, Deb Constien, Eileen Davidson, Carole V Dodge, Anita Bemis-Dougherty, Sotiria Everett, Nadine Fisher, Liana Fraenkel, Susan M Goodman, Janet Lewis, Victoria Menzies, Larry W Moreland, Iris Navarro-Millan, Sarah Patterson, Lawrence Rick Phillips, Neha Shah, Namrata Singh, Daniel White, Rawan Alheresh, Kamil E Barbour, Thomas Bye, Dana Guglielmo, Rebecca Haberman, Tate Johnson, Anatole Kleiner, Chris Y Lane, Linda C Li, Hiral Master, Daniel Pinto, Janet L Poole, Kimberly Steinbarger, Daniel Sztubinski, Louise Thoma, Vlad Tsaltskan, Marat Turgunbaev, Courtney Wells, Amy S Turner, Jonathan R Treadwell

Pediatrics Research and Scholarship

OBJECTIVE: To develop initial American College of Rheumatology (ACR) guidelines on the use of exercise, rehabilitation, diet, and additional interventions in conjunction with disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs) as part of an integrative management approach for people with rheumatoid arthritis (RA).

METHODS: An interprofessional guideline development group constructed clinically relevant Population, Intervention, Comparator, and Outcome (PICO) questions. A literature review team then completed a systematic literature review and applied the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) approach to rate the certainty of evidence. An interprofessional Voting Panel (n = 20 participants) that included 3 individuals with RA achieved consensus …

Immigrational Trauma: An Assessment Of Dental Phobia And Access To Care In Undocumented Individuals, Nora J. Vences Ortiz

Dental Hygiene ETDs

The purpose of this study is to assess immigrational trauma as it relates to dental phobia in accessing care from undocumented individuals. Immigrating from a country to the United States presents with unique challenges. These challenges include language barriers, traumatic experiences and cultural factors. These individuals also have perceived notions regarding their treatment with a physician or dentist as their immigration status may or may not be revealed during their care. If reported, they face deportation to their country of origin placing them in the danger they originally fled from. Survey data was collected using REDCap and distributed to students …

Paradigms And Logical Morphology In Wittgenstein’S Philosophy, Idris Robinson

Philosophy ETDs

This dissertation investigates the notion of a paradigm and its related morphological method through the lens of the philosophy of Ludwig Wittgenstein (1889–1951). At once exegetical and philosophical, it is a project that aims to trace the progression of Wittgenstein’s thought, from his early to his mature phase, in order to arrive at a twofold conclusion regarding the ontological status of paradigms and a closely related approach to logic grounded in morphology.

The Effect Of Cognitive Reserve On A Rhythm And Timing Intervention In Older American Indians, Eunice Dahyeh Kim

Psychology ETDs

Cognitive reserve refers to the cerebral plasticity perspective in which premorbid buffer factors, explained as enriching life experiences, protect against the negative outcomes of neurodegenerative and neuropsychiatric diseases (Stern, 2009; Harrison et al., 2015). Little research has been done to understand cognitive reserve in older AI adults, despite the fact that American Indians (AIs) experience a higher incidence of cerebrovascular disease than other racial and ethnic groups in the US, which increases risk for cognitive deficits and dementia (Zhang, et al., 2007; Ayala, Greenlund, Croft, et al., 2001; Harwell, et al., 2005). Interactive Metronome (IM) therapy is a behavioral therapy …

Identifying Psychosocial And Neural Correlates Associated With Future Homicide In A Sample Of Incarcerated Boys, Samantha N. Rodriguez

Psychology ETDs

Previous research has observed significant group differences regarding neuroanatomical and psychosocial variables between incarcerated boys who have and have not previously committed a homicide, resulting in successful postdictive classification (Cope et al., 2014). However, no study to date has investigated whether similar group differences characterize future homicide offenders. Following the methodology of Cope et al. (2014), the current study aimed to identify baseline neural, clinical, and environmental deficits (collected in a sample of n = 242 incarcerated juvenile offenders) associated with future homicidal behavior as adults. Results indicated that youth who went on to commit homicide as adults were characterized …

Electrophysiological Signatures Of Error Commission And Adjustment, Mark Lavelle

Psychology ETDs

Errors inhibit attainment of our goals. Behavioral and neural adjustments following errors are often framed as independent aspects of decision-making termed threshold (or response caution) and drift rate (or evidence accumulation). We replicated and extended the association of single-trial threshold with frontal midline theta power from the previous trial, as measured from EEG in 21 participants completing a flankers task. Surprisingly, theta power also predicted next trial drift rate. Variation in brightness of the stimuli was associated with drift rate and various EEG and time-frequency features, including posterior alpha/beta power. Posterior alpha/beta power also correlated with drift rate and significantly …

An Examination Of The Associations Between Covid-19 Vaccine Hesitancy, Trust In Media, And Trust In Science And Scientists, Jegason Phosphorus Diviant

Psychology ETDs

Recent evidence suggests corroded trust in scientific institutions, but particularly among political conservatives. The current investigation examined the potential role of trust in conservative media sources by capturing associations between trust in politically-biased media sources, trust in science and scientists, and COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy. A total of 1,117 participants completed an online cross-sectional self-report study. Results revealed that: (1) the less trust respondents had in science and scientists, the greater their overall COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy (and perceived risks and fears of COVID-19 vaccines); and (2) the more respondents trusted conservative-leaning news media sources, the greater their overall COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy …

Beyond Stressors: Identifying Protective Cultural Factors And Coping Strategies For Mental Health Symptoms Among Aging Latino/Hispanic Immigrants, Juan M. Pena

Psychology ETDs

Within the next decade, Latino immigrants will constitute the largest middle-aged and older immigrant group living in the U.S. This cross-sectional study investigated traumatic stressors, acculturative stress and perceived structural injustices and their associations with mental health symptoms. This study also examined the linkages between cultural factors, social support, and coping strategies and mental health outcomes. Eighty Latino/Hispanic immigrants who were 45 years of age or older completed a series of questionnaires and optional open-ended questions. A greater exposure to traumatic events, higher acculturative stress, and perceived injustices were associated with greater psychological distress and symptoms of anxiety, depression, and …

Effects Of Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation On Category Learning In Older Adults, Benjamin C. Gibson

Psychology ETDs

Those over the age of 65 occupy a growing proportion of the population. With this growth, cognitive issues that accompany aging are increasingly coming to the forefront, yet despite this focus, ways to ameliorate cognitive issues in older adults are lacking. Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) offers one possibility for improving cognitive function in older adults, but tDCS application is hindered by individual factors that manifest as heterogeneity in outcomes across the literature. This is especially the case in older adults, where changes in anatomy and functionality provide a potential complication for tDCS application. Presented here are three studies seeking …

Feasibility And Acceptability Of An Online Empathy Skills Training For Substance Use Providers, Emily L. Starratt

Psychology ETDs

The ability to train counselors to convey empathy is critical, given the importance of therapist empathic skill level in substance use disorder treatment outcomes (Moyers & Miller, 2013). To date, no studies have examined the efficacy of an online empathy skills training for clinicians, where competency is evaluated using objectively rated standardized client sessions. This study evaluated the acceptability, feasibility, and fit of an online empathy skills training for substance use disorder providers. METHOD: Therapist empathy was measured pre-post training using standardized client actor interviews and evaluated with a global rating yielded by the Motivational Interviewing Treatment Integrity Code 4.2 …

The Mindful First Amendment, Gary Myers

New Mexico Law Review

The mindfulness movement has begun to play an expanding role in personal well-being and in society more generally. Although there is an active push for mindfulness in law, its primary focus is on ways in which mindfulness techniques can help lawyers in their personal and professional lives. This article explores the possible contributions of mindfulness to the widely recognized challenges facing freedom of speech and freedom of the press in an era of severe cultural and political polarization. This article focuses on the external aspects of mindfulness—the interaction with others and with society—to assess whether its techniques might assist in …

The Outer Limits: Jury Discretion, District Court Deference, & Excessive Damages In Morga V. Fedex Ground Package Sys., Inc., Aaron Sharratt

New Mexico Law Review

What is the value of life? Courts and commentators have long debated the question of the inherent value of life in relation to the awarding of compensatory damages. The New Mexico Supreme Court’s recent decision affirming a record $165 million civil award in Morga v. FedEx again brings this debate into public view. The decision effectively shuts the door to the prospect of higher State courts overturning a jury’s noneconomic compensatory damages award based on an excessive verdict claim. The case highlights the district court’s power and discretion in awarding monetary damages for nonmonetary injuries and the implications of defense …

Essays On Human Capital, Labor, And Gender, Kritika Sen Chakraborty

Economics ETDs

This dissertation is a collection of chapters that demonstrate the factors affecting human capital and labor market outcomes of adolescents and the gender differences in the quality of employment of adults in South Africa.

The second chapter evaluates the impact of South Africa’s Child Support Grant, an unconditional means-tested grant provided to age-eligible children, on adolescent nutrition outcomes. The findings suggest that welfare programs can alleviate extreme undernutrition and overnutrition among females during the critical growth period of adolescence.

In the third chapter, I use longitudinal data from rural South Africa linked with geospatial climate indicators to examine the effect …

Examining The Measurement Invariance Of The Revised Sociosexual Orientation Inventory Among Hispanic And Non-Hispanic White College Women, Christina Nicole Gillezeau

Psychology ETDs

I examined whether the Revised Sociosexual Orientation Inventory (SOI-R) was invariant between Hispanic/Latina and Non-Hispanic White (NHW) undergraduate women. I performed confirmatory factor analysis to assess model fit and used increasingly restrictive models to test invariance. I included 208 Hispanic/Latina women and 190 NHW women. The CFI and RMSEA model fit statistics (CFI=0.98, RMSEA=0.06 (90% confidence interval=0.04-0.08, p-value=0.16) showed that the model fit well. I constrained factor loadings to be equal in both groups to test metric invariance. I observed non-significant differences in model fit (deltaX² (9)=88.67, p>0.95, deltaCFI=0.003, deltaRMSEA=-0.011). I also constrained intercepts to be equal to …

An Investigation Into How The Intense Nature Of Youth Sport Participation Influences Women’S Collegiate Basketball Player’S Experiences Of Burnout, Hana M. Adent

Health, Exercise, and Sports Sciences ETDs

One area of athlete well-being garnering increasing attention is athletes’ experience of burnout (Gould & Whitley, 2009). According to Coakley (1992), burnout is a social phenomenon grounded in a set of social relations through which young athletes become disempowered in their sport participation that can lead to fatigue and dropout. Therefore, efforts to reduce athletes’ likelihood of experiencing burnout are important. Often overlooked in the college athlete literature are the experiences of college athletes in youth sport. Yet almost all college athletes participate in competitive youth sport. Therefore, in seeking to further our understanding of college athletes’ burnout experience, it …

The Influence Of Custodial Grandparental Figures’ Cultural Backgrounds On Their Grandchildren’S Educational Outcomes: A Systematic Review, Gabriela B. Gonzalez

Individual, Family, and Community Education ETDs

Researchers have continuously explored the multiple ways in which grandparents affect their grandchildren’s environments, inside and outside of their homes. Recently, there has been an increasing interest in literature that regards custodial relationships between grandparents and grandchildren, pathways to custodial relationships and how these affect the grandparent’s methods of raising their grandchildren. Multiple researchers have analyzed educational attainment and progress of custodial grandchildren. This analysis focused on exploring existing data that considered how individuals with the mentioned custodial arrangements also possess diverse cultural backgrounds as their circumstance, and how both of these factors might affect children’s educational outcomes.

Throughout this …

Examining The Relationship Between Teacher Candidate Characteristics And Teacher Workforce Entry, Amy Korzekwa

Individual, Family, and Community Education ETDs

This study aims to look for relationships between the characteristics and experiences of teacher candidates while in the program and their subsequent workforce entry after leaving the program. A hierarchical logistic regression was conducted on five blocks of variables: demographics, entry academic variables, program academic variables, completion variables, and experience variables, with employment in a New Mexico public school as the dependent variable. The rate of completers working in NM public schools was much higher than expected, 73% compared to 55%. Only the block of completion variables was significantly related to entering the workforce. A few individual variables were also …

Long In The Tooth: The Commodification Of Teeth, Land, And Character; Resistance To British Oral Culture In Nineteenth-Century Britain, Ireland, And The Americas 1770-1900, Emma B. Mincks

English Language and Literature ETDs

This dissertation is about teeth- rather, how they are portrayed in British colonial discourses of the late eighteenth and early nineteenth century and their development as a commodified material object associated with purity, lands, and visceral emotionality. What do teeth specifically, and orality more generally, mean to eighteenth and nineteenth-century readers in relation to the logics of white possession? How did objectified subjects react to and respond to the affective tension created by this objectification? Teeth are represented in relation to feminine purity throughout British writing from at least the 1600’s. However, between 1770-1900, teeth gain additional cultural meanings, most …

Sociolinguistics Of Saudi Vision 2030: Paradigm Shift Through English Faculty’S Perspectives Of Translanguaging At A Saudi University., Naif Masrahi

Language, Literacy, and Sociocultural Studies ETDs

Many educational systems around the world insist on applying an English Only Policy (EOP) when teaching the English language at universities without addressing their contextual needs. In Saudi Arabia, this problem leads to reduced satisfaction among faculty regarding students’ English level (Alharbi & Alqefari, 2022; Alkhairy, 2013; Alqahtani, 2020; Alsaawi, 2019; Alshammari, 2022; Altale & Alta’ani, 2019; Alzahrani, 2019; Elyas & Picard, 2010). However, the new educational transformation promised by Saudi Vision 2030 (2016) supports the Arabic language as a mother tongue for Saudis, English as an important language, and the teaching of critical thinking to respond to current global …

News Media Framing Of Disabilities In Ghana: Journalistic Practices Amidst Advocacy Calls For Change, Pamela Ofori Boateng

Communication ETDs

The study contributes to expanding scholarly research on media portrayals of people with disabilities in Ghana. Drawing on theories of framing, ableism, and intersectionality, I analyzed news stories published in Graphic.com.gh. in 2021 and 2022 to explore how the editorial practices framed people with disabilities and how framing patterns revealed change and continuity in representation. The findings affirmed a shift to using more diverse and appropriate language to represent people with disabilities more fairly and accurately; the categorization of most of the disability stories under “General News,” which suggests the significance attached to disability related stories; and the …

Queer Crises: Movements From Queerness And Feelings Of White Religion In The United States, Austin Williams Miller

Communication ETDs

Anchored by contemporary crises surrounding queer and trans people in the United States, I employ movements from queerness within an affective queer phenomenological framework to understand how arrangements of “white religion” (Schaefer, 2015, p. 63), a process whereby U.S. American Christian forms escape ideology into religious affective economies in the United States, relegate queer people “to the background… to sustain a certain direction” (Ahmed, 2006, p. 31). I assemble a queer rhetorical context analyzing white religious space in documentary film, secular sexual regulation through contemporary U.S. legal contexts around marriage, and settler colonial Christian nationalist political imaginations to critique how …

Disrupting Whiteness In Education Organizations: Community Testimonios Of Strategy, Resistance, And Perseverance In Educational Justice Organizing, Florence E. Castillo

Sociology ETDs

Through this project, I utilize multiple approaches to disrupt whiteness. I make a case for centering Indigenous and non-Western methods, such as testimonio in sociological studies, to disrupt the academic whiteness of knowledge creation and validation. Whiteness itself is amorphous and looks different depending on circumstances, location, who holds power, and context (Hughey 2016). Utilizing a theory of racialized organizations, I shed light on how whiteness is normalized in education institutions through race-neutral, everyday actions (Ray 2019). This further disrupts whiteness by rendering it visible. Finally, I highlight the different modes of resistance that educational activists use to disrupt whiteness. …

Resistance Narratives: Storytelling Of Transnational Insurgencies In 1960-70s Us And Mexico, Tania Libertad Balderas

English Language and Literature ETDs

Resistance Narratives: Storytelling of Transnational Insurgencies in 1960-70s US and Mexico emphasizes how the narratives from the Mexican Insurgency, the American Indian Movement (AIM), and the leftist faction of the Chicana/o Movement in the 1960s and 1970s articulate intersecting notions of resistance, liberation, and transnational solidarity. The comparative analysis of the testimonial novel Las mujeres del alba (2019) by Chihuahuan novelist Carlos Montemayor, the autobiographies Lakota Woman (1991) and Ohitika Woman (1993) by Sičháŋǧu Lakȟóta writer and AIM militant Mary Brave Bird (formerly Crow Dog), and the memoirs and plays by the San Diego-based group Teatro de las Chicanas, collected …

Digitally Rural: Identifying How Technological Inequity Impacts Rural Students In First-Year Writing Courses, Jo Anna M. Nevada

English Language and Literature ETDs

To teach composition in this era means to engage students with technology; it is all but an unspoken requirement at the majority of universities. This dissertation theorizes, however, that the imbricated use of technology in first-year writing (FYW) classrooms places rural students at an inherent disadvantage, with issues of inadequate technological proficiency and inconsistent access causing a substantial learning disparity between this student population and their urban peers. Through mixed-methods data analysis of student survey responses and final FYW course portfolios, this study reveals that the expectation of technological access and presumption of digital literacy is detrimental to rural student …

Advanced Quantitative Approaches To Unveil Social Inequities In Educational Contexts, Manuel J. Jiménez, Vanessa Svihla, Karl Benedict, Victor Law, Meeko Oishi

Organization, Information and Learning Sciences ETDs

Chapter 2 introduces an innovative method integrating Geographic Information Systems and Machine Learning to evaluate educational policy outcomes. This approach overcomes the limitations of traditional statistical methods and effectively analyzes complex relationships between educational data and demographic factors.

The study in Chapter 3 developed a prediction model for school report cards in New Mexico using census data and applying the methods described in Chapter 2. The accurate predictions suggested that the school accountability system disproportionately assigned failing grades to schools serving minoritized students. The study also confirmed that status measures depend more on demographics than growth measures.

The study in …

Effects Of Childhood Health And Adversity On Women’S Estrous And Extended Sexuality In Romantic Relationships, Tran Dinh

Psychology ETDs

Variations in childhood conditions may favor different strategies of investment in pair-bonds and reproduction. The current study followed 213 romantically-involved women up to four times across the ovulatory cycle. Analyses find that childhood health and adversity moderate hormone-dependent changes in women’s sexual interests, oxytocin responses, and mate preferences. In light of proposed paternity assurance functions of extended (non-conceptive) sexuality, results suggest women with poorer, compared to better, childhood conditions prioritize bond formation but invest less in maintaining or bolstering partner investment. The estrous (conceptive) sexuality of women with poor childhood health may reflect greater investments in current reproduction, even when …

Examining The Outcomes Of Project Echo® As An Interprofessional Community Of Practice For Pediatric Feeding Clinicians, Madeline Raatz, Elizabeth C Ward, Perrin Moss, Claire Reilly, Nadine Frederiksen, Corrine Dickinson, Sally Clarke, Kelly Beak, Jeanne Marshall

Project ECHO Bibliography

Project ECHO® is a virtual, interprofessional, cased-based peer-learning model. To date, no studies have explored ECHO as a model for pediatric feeding education. This study examined the outcomes of establishing a pediatric feeding ECHO network. Using a prospective, mixed-methods design, two cohorts of allied health professionals were recruited. Each cohort participated in eight, 90-min videoconference sessions incorporating a didactic presentation and clinical case presentation. The case was presented by a participant, with questions and recommendations provided by the ECHO network. Participants completed: (1) a learning needs analysis before the ECHO series, (2) a self-reported confidence questionnaire pre, post, and 3-month …

Assessing Ecological Relationships Among Late Triassic Vertebrates In Petrified Forest National Park, Alexandra Davis Apgar

Earth and Planetary Sciences ETDs

The complex vertebrate ecosystem of the Late Triassic has not yet been fully understood, largely due to oversimplification of hypothesized trophic hierarchies and limited preservation of direct evidence of faunal interaction. Paleocommunity reconstruction attempts can also fall victim to taphonomic biases, time-averaging inaccuracies, and non-analogue paleoecologies. Utilizing a combination of PAIRS analysis and NMDS ordination, we highlight vertebrate faunal relationships within the Adamanian and Revueltian faunachrons of Petrified Forest National Park, assess the likelihood that these patterns have ecological rather than preservational drivers, and examine how these potential interactions may have been impacted by the Adamanian-Revueltian turnover event. We are …

A Multidisciplinary Approach To Parental Maternal Mental Health In Neonatal Intensive Care Unit: A Theoretical Project, Courtney Grassham, Presbyterian Hospital Pediatric Medical Group

Annual IPE Day

Maternal mental health, especially in the peripartum period, is associated with a significant stigma and adverse outcomes are possible for moms and their newborns if perinatal mood and anxiety disorders are unrecognized and untreated. The neonatal intensive care unit or NICU often takes care of fragile babies for extended periods of time, while the families are far from their support systems. This places additional stress on moms and families at an already vulnerable time. The NICU is host to an extensive multidisciplinary team that could be utilized to check on and support families mental well being at this stressful time …