Digital Commons Network^™

New Measures Of Consistency And Coverage For Social Research Based On Neutrosophic Logic, Erick Gonzalez Caballero, Maikel Y. Leyva Vázquez, Noel Batista-Hernández, Florentin Smarandache

Neutrosophic Sets and Systems

The mathematical methods systematically used in social sciences often rely on statistical tools like correlation, which may not optimally model social phenomena, frequently described using words. Set theory, as proposed by C.C. Ragin, provides a more suitable tool, leveraging set asymmetry to measure set-theoretic consistency and coverage, which were later generalized to fuzzy sets. Subsequent extensions into the neutrosophic field are significant because the underlying binary logic in traditional models often fails to capture the complexities and nuances of social realities, such as those found in Afro-Latin American and Caribbean cosmovisions that encompass ambiguity and indeterminacy. This paper proposes new, …

Design Thinking Model Based On Plithogenic Logic For The Management Of Entrepreneurship And Innovation In Higher University Education In Peru, Wilmer Ortega Chávez, Eudosio Paucar Rojas, Daniel Alberto Oswaldo Valenzuela Narváez, Carlos Máximo Gonzales Añorga, Herbert Víctor Huaranga Rivera, Enoc López Navarro, Aníbal Campos Barreto, Hugo Aysanoa Calixto

Neutrosophic Sets and Systems

Design Thinking is a methodology that has been gaining popularity in the business world and also in higher education management. This methodology proposes a set of steps to follow, with the client and the human being at the center of attention. It encourages the search for creative and collaborative solutions to problems. The role of Design Thinking in entrepreneurship and entrepreneurship management for higher education lies in its contribution to innovation in business management within this field. The development of skills in Design Thinking fosters creativity, innovation, and critical thinking in students, improving their problem-solving and project development skills. The …

An Approach From The Plithogenic Dea To The Calculation Of The Efficiency Of A Pedagogical Strategy On Basic Digital Competencies In Students Of The Basic Education Program At The Bolivarian University Of Ecuador, Johanna Irene Escobar Jara

Neutrosophic Sets and Systems

In the context of higher education, the evolution towards a full integration of digital technologies has been significant globally, but its effective implementation varies between different regions and institutions. In Latin America, the adoption of information and communication technologies (ICTs) has been uneven, despite efforts to incorporate digital tools into education. Significant gaps in infrastructure and teacher training persist, which limit educational quality and the full development of digital skills in students. This paper aims to measure the impact of implementing a pedagogical strategy on developing basic digital skills and how it im-proves the pedagogical skills and innovation capacity of …

Legal Dogmatic Analysis On The Protection Of Canines And Felines Through The Use Of Neutrosophic N-Alectics, Jeannette Amparito Urrutia Guevara, Samantha Naomi Barreno Sailema, Niurka De Los Ángeles Mejía Toscano, Jimmy Fernando Ramírez Coque

Neutrosophic Sets and Systems

This project is about the limitations and failings of current legal systems. Animal welfare and animal rights protection laws are complementary yet antagonistic, and shortcomings exist irrespective of a partial imposition of biocentric ideals. The project's relevance stems from an increase in international animal abuse and a social need for more comprehensive legislative measures to afford canines and felines legal persons (subjects). In contrast to the assessment of current legislative failures, which fail to acknowledge the indeterminacy of meaning, this project uses neutrosophic n-alectics as a novel investigative vehicle to consolidate disparate findings (positive law versus eco-legal actions). This operates …

Modeling Barriers And Facilitators Of Access To Sport Through Neutrosophic Cognitive Maps., Carlos Alcívar-Trejo, Karem González-Palma, Fidel Márquez-Sánchez, Fátima Campos-Cárdenas, Adriana María Estupiñán Sera

Neutrosophic Sets and Systems

This study's objective was to assess barriers and facilitators to access to sport utilizing neutrosophic cognitive maps to identify variables contributing to sports participation. Therefore, a qualitative neutrosophic theory ap-proach was taken—this approach allows for mapping of such relationships even in uncertain situations. Data col-lection efforts consisted of expert interviews and surveys of current and former athletes, which were analyzed to create cognitive maps representing interdependent positional relationships of variables such as resources, moti-vation, and governmental resources. Among the major results are that the most prominent barriers are lack of adequate resources, fiscal resources, and socioeconomic equity while the most …

Multicriteria Analysis Of Peruvian Salad As A Tourism Product Using Plithogenic Offsets, Adán Humberto Estela Estela, David Chacón Chacón, Carlos Fretel Martínez

Neutrosophic Sets and Systems

This study is relevant to the evaluation of Peruvian salad as a tourism product, filling an unexamined research gap as the literature does not currently possess a sound evaluation of gastronomic products by valuing the cultural element generated by and for the tourists. This is especially important in today's world where gastronomic tourism is the wave of the future socio-economically and as a cultural signifier in Peru. Where salads could be considered a secondary plate, for example, it may be the perfect avenue to supplement variety in culinary projects from within the scope of Peru. Yet there is no reliable …

Euthanasia In Ecuador And Latin America: A Comparative Study Using Neutrosophic Logic And Multivariate Analysis, Manuel Richard Naranjo Rodríguez, Sandra Dayanara Correa Solis, Alexander Joshua Bajaña Jiménez

Neutrosophic Sets and Systems

This study aims to analyze the legal, social, and cultural factors that influence the legalization of euthanasia in Ecuador, using a comparative approach with other Latin American countries. The central problem lies in the lack of a comprehensive understanding of how variables such as the degree of secularism, access to palliative care, population religiosity, and ethical and professional perceptions relate to each other in the legislative debate on euthanasia. To this end, a database with 300 records was constructed, integrating quantitative, qualitative, and neutrosophic variables, which allow for the capture of both structural data and ambiguous assessments of morality and …

Multi-Neutrosophic Ayni Method Based On Ancestral Logic And N-Alectic Reasoning For Ethical Ai And Sustainability, Maikel Y. Leyva Vázquez, Noel Batista Hernandez, Edwin Alberto Callejas, Florentin Smarandache

Neutrosophic Sets and Systems

This article presents the Multi-Neutrosophic Ayni Method, a novel framework that integrates Latin American Indigenous philosophies with neutrosophic logic to guide ethical and sustainable AI development. Grounded in ancestral principles such as Ayni, Buen Vivir, In Lak’ech, ch’ixi, and nepantla, this approach models plural, ambiguous, and context-dependent ethical judgments through Multi-Neutrosophic Sets (MNS). A key contribution is the introduction of the Euclidean Multi-Neutrosophic Consensus Measure, which quantifies the degree of alignment among diverse stakeholders' evaluations without erasing epistemic differences. This measure enables the detection of convergence thresholds in intercultural deliberation, offering a rigorous yet flexible tool for decision-making. The method …

Evaluation Of Three Projects Integrating Ancestral Knowledge Into The Circular Economy In Peru Using Neutrosophic N-Soft Sets, Wilmer Ortega Chávez, Edgar Ricardo Yauri Rivera, Cheryl Ruiz Bartra, Rolando Carlos Canteño Gavino, Elizabeth Norma Calixto Arias, Ciro Angel Lazo Salcedo, Miriam Esther Campos Llana, Roberth Lozano Tacuri Toribio

Neutrosophic Sets and Systems

The circular economy model, based on the reduction, reuse, and recycling of resources, is gaining increasing im-portance in today's society, particularly in sustainability. This research examines incorporating ancestral knowledge into this paradigm, addressing the connection between interculturality and sustainable resource management. Ancient communities have cultivated knowledge about natural resource management, recycling, and preservation that can be useful for contemporary circular economy strategies. Through an intercultural study, the multiple ways in which native and traditional cultures contribute to the circular economy are recog-nized, often with practices that have endured for centuries. However, the incorporation of this knowledge into contemporary legislative and …

Estimation Of Intangible Quality Costs Using Neutrosophic Ahp-Topsis, Yaité Pérez Mayedo, Yadira Velázquez Labrada, NéStor Miguel ÁLvarez ÁLvarez, Leonardo Rafael Pérez Molina, Maikel Leyva Vázquez, Shakila Devi G T

Neutrosophic Sets and Systems

This study addresses the challenge of quantifying intangible quality costs (IQCs), which are inherently subjective and often overlooked in traditional quality cost management. We propose a novel hybrid framework that integrates the Neutrosophic Analytic Hierarchy Process (NAHP) with triangular neutrosophic numbers and Neutrosophic TOPSIS (NTOPSIS) with single-valued neutrosophic sets (SVNS) to evaluate and prioritize IQCs. The framework enables the aggregation of expert inputs, transforming qualitative risks—such as supplier mistrust and communication gaps—into quantifiable cost metrics. Applied to a steel mill’s, the methodology allowed to cuantificate the IQCs of the scrap reception activity. The study concludes that the framework’s structured yet …

Current Situation Of The Use Of Neutrosophy To Improve Medical Decision Making And Preventive Healthcare In Ecuador, Franklin Parrales-Bravo, Lorenzo Cevallos-Torres, Leonel Vasquez-Cevallos, Zulemma Bazurto-Blacio, Diana Minda-Gilces, Víctor Gómez-Rodríguez, Rosangela Caicedo-Quiroz, Pedro García-Arias

Neutrosophic Sets and Systems

This study systematically examines the applications of neutrosophic logic in Ecuadorian medicine, focusing on its role in improving medical decision making and preventive healthcare. By conducting a structured literature review selected articles, the research highlights how neutrosophic methods—such as Single-Valued Neutrosophic Sets (SVNS) and Neutrosophic Cognitive Maps (NCMs)—address uncertainty, indeterminacy, and contradictions inherent in clinical and public health data. Key contributions include improved diagnostic accuracy in maternal health, risk assessment for chronic diseases, and ethical decision making in telemedicine, demonstrating neutrosophic logic’s superiority over traditional binary approaches. The findings advocate for a broader implementation of neutrosophic frameworks in Ecuador’s healthcare …

A Neutrosophic Approach To Evaluating Self-Perceived Professional Competency In Dentistry Students And Graduates, Frederick Zevallos- Velasquez, Yessika Madelaine Abarca Arias, Juvita Dina Soto Hilario, Jairo Rafael Vidaurre Urrelo, Alejandro Chávez Paredes, Katia Medina-Calderon

Neutrosophic Sets and Systems

This article addresses a key issue in dental education: how recent graduates and final-year students at the Faculty of Dentistry of the National University of San Marcos (UNMSM) perceive their readiness for professional practice. The study explores these self-assessments amid uncertainty, especially due to disruptions in clinical training during health restrictions. Traditional methods often overlook the ambiguity present in human perceptions during crises. To fill this gap, the study applies neutrosophic Z numbers, a method that captures degrees of certainty, indeterminacy, and contradiction in responses. Five competency dimensions were evaluated, revealing overall confidence in professional preparation but significant uncertainty in …

Intercultural Dialogue In The Meeting On Neutrosophy And Latin American Worldviews: A Perspective From The Náhuat Indigenous Chair Of The Technological University Of El Salvador, Morena Guadalupe Magaña

Neutrosophic Sets and Systems

This article presents a reflective analysis of the intercultural forum held during the Meeting on Neutrosophy and Latin American Worldviews, focusing on the contribution of the Náhuat Indigenous Chair at the Technological University of El Salvador. Drawing on philosophical and decolonial frameworks, it explores how the revitalization of the Náhuat language serves as both an act of cultural resistance and an epistemological statement. The Chair's initiatives—including teacher training, language certification, and community-based educational projects—are examined as concrete expressions of intercultural commitment. These efforts are contextualized within a broader critique of historical erasure, media manipulation, and social forgetting that have affected …

Neutrosophy, Causal Ai, And Web3: Combo For Complex Decision-Making, Ranulfo P. Barbosa, Florentin Smarandache, Maikel Y. Leyva Vázquez, Joaquin B. Monge

Neutrosophic Sets and Systems

This article introduces Neutrosophic Causal AI, a novel framework that integrates neutrosophic logic with structural causal models to enhance decision-making under uncertainty. While traditional Causal AI is effective at identifying cause-and-effect relationships, it assumes a level of precision rarely found in complex, real-world systems. By incorporating degrees of truth (T), indeterminacy (I), and falsity (F), Neutrosophic Causal AI extends causal inference to accommodate ambiguity, contradiction, and incomplete data. The proposed framework formalizes the neutrosophic do-operator and adapts Judea Pearl’s structural causal models to a neutrosophic context, allowing for more nuanced intervention analysis and counterfactual reasoning. Through illustrative examples and a …

Study Of The Effectiveness Of A Home-Based Pulmonary Therapy Program In Ecuadorian Older Adults With Prolonged Exposure To Biomass Smoke Based On Plithogenic Similarity Measure, Lisbeth Josefina Reales Chacón, Javier Patricio Heredia Jiménez, Lizbeth Geovanna Silva Guayasamín, Christian Andrés Silva Sarabia, María José López Pino, Javier Caiza Lema, Josselyn Gabriela Bonilla-Ayala

Neutrosophic Sets and Systems

Biomass is a form of energy used primarily by people living in rural areas of developing countries. This type of energy is based on the combustion of elements such as wood. Exposure to biomass is linked to diseases such as Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD), which is a major cause of global mortality. In this paper, we study a group of patients of 65 and over years of age exposed to biomass smoke for long periods in the Ecuadorian province of Cotopaxi. Specifically, we study the effectiveness of a home-based pulmonary rehabilitation program. Since there are different variables to measure, …

Thinking About Complexity In Latin America: Contributions Of Neutrosophy In Dialogue With Edgar Morin, Noel Batista-Hernández, Maikel Yelandi Leyva-Vázquez, Alenna Rosa Batista-Barallobre

Neutrosophic Sets and Systems

Smarandache’s neutrosophic logic—and its broader philosophical umbrella of MultiAlism, which insists that any assertion must be considered together with its neutral and anti-assertive counterparts—offers powerful methodological tools to operationalize Edgar Morin’s complexity thinking. While Morin contributes the principles of dialogic, recursiveness and the hologrammatic approach, his continental framework can be difficult to apply empirically. Neutrosophy and MultiAlism formalize contradiction, uncertainty and multidimensionality, thereby bridging theory and practice. In Latin America, where complexity thinking is widely adopted to address realities marked by inequality and instability, this integration enables rigorous modelling of non-linear phenomena. Applications such as Neutrosophic QCA (NsQCA), Neutrosophic Cognitive …

Analysis Of Indicator Dynamics In Agricultural Sustainability Using Neutrosophic Cognitive Maps, Carlos Balmaseda -Espinosa, Oscar Caicedo- Camposano, Nadia Quevedo-Pinos, Dacil González-González

Neutrosophic Sets and Systems

Agricultural sustainability is a complex system influenced by interconnected environmental, economic, and sociocultural factors, whose relationships are often marked by uncertainty. This study addresses the interdependence of these factors using Neutrosophic Cognitive Maps (NCMs), a methodology capable of modeling causality in complex systems by incorporating degrees of truth, falsity, and indeterminacy. Twelve key indicators across the three dimensions of sustainability were selected, and an NCM was constructed based on expert criteria to visualize and analyze their dynamic interactions. Centrality analysis, following a de-neutrosophication process, revealed that sociocultural indicators, specifically the well-being of the agricultural community (X12) and the preservation of …

Multineutrosophic Analysis Of The Relationship Between Survival And Business Growth In The Manufacturing Sector Of Azuay Province, 2020–2023, Using Plithogenic N-Superhypergraphs, Eduardo Martín Campoverde Valencia, Jessica Paola Chuisaca Vásquez, Francisco Ángel Becerra Lois

Neutrosophic Sets and Systems

This study analyzed the relationship between survival and business growth in the manufacturing sector of Azuay Province. To achieve this, Plithogenic n-SuperHyperGraphs and Multineutrosophic logic were employed to examine financial data defined by a set of n-indicators, n-records, and n-entities between 2020 and 2023. Additionally, the Springate Z-Score model was used, along with the logarithmic variation of assets, multiple regression, and factor analysis. The results showed that business survival was determined by variables related to vertices of financial stability and operational efficiency, while growth was primarily associated with asset expansion. Factor analysis identified three key components: firm size, financial solvency, …

Study Of The Impact Of Emerging Technologies On The Con-Servation Of Protective Forests Through The Plithogenic Hy-Pothesis And Neutrosophic Stance Detection, Jorge Isaac Avilés Monroy, Pedro Manuel Garcia Arias, Edgar Paul Cun Laines, David Fernando Zorrilla Baquero, Víctor Iván Espinoza De Los Monteros Enríquez

Neutrosophic Sets and Systems

This paper investigates the efficacy of emerging technologies in protective forest conservation—artificial intelligence, drones, remote sensing, and blockchain—and whether such tools foster threat detection and enhanced biodiversity and human interaction. As deforestation and climate change continue to plague the planet, protected areas become more critical, and although successful conservation efforts exist, traditional tools fail to adequately provide the granularity and scalability required for nuanced action such as illegal logging or forest fires. The emerging abilities of these innovations have been published in scientific literature. However, there exists a translational gap in a systematic determination of their efficacy since levels of …

Computational Intelligence For Disease Diagnosis: An Approach Based On Neutrosophic Logic, Omar Mar Cornelio, Barbara Bron Fonseca

Neutrosophic Sets and Systems

Medical diagnosis faces significant challenges due to the inherent uncertainty and ambiguity of clinical data. In this context, this paper proposes a neutrosophic logic-based approach to disease diagnosis, with an emphasis on the detection of chronic kidney disease. The primary objective was to develop a computational method that adequately represents and manages uncertainty by transforming clinical attributes into neutrosophic structures composed of triplets (T: truth, I: indeterminacy, F: falsity). The implemented methodology included the collection and preprocessing of real clinical data extracted from the UCI repository (135 patients), the application of imputation and normalization techniques, the definition of diagnostic criteria, …

Examining The Causes Of Ineffectiveness In The Legislative Process Of Law In Ecuador Using The Neutrosophic Analytic Hierarchy Process, María Elena Infante Miranda, Jarlyn Gabriela García Chulde, José Ignacio Ruíz Tigse

Neutrosophic Sets and Systems

This study addresses legislative inefficiency in Ecuador, which results in laws with poor technical quality and low legitimacy. Its goal is to assess and rank the factors causing this inefficiency—a key step toward improving the legal system and governance. The issue is critical because ineffective lawmaking erodes public trust and hin-ders national development. Unlike previous studies, this research applies an innovative approach: neutrosophic logic and the Analytic Hierarchy Process (NAHP) to handle uncertainty in complex political contexts. Through surveys of 4 constitutional law experts, 7 key factors were identified. The top causes were technical-legal defi-ciencies (33.65%) and excessive politicization (28.52%), …

Impact Of A Digital Platform For Wildlife Information Man-Agement In The Cerro Blanco Protected Forest Of Guayaquil Using Plithogenic Statistics, Sonia Jacqueline Tigua Moreira, Edison Luis Cruz Navarrete, Diana Lucia Tigua Moreira, Pedro Manuel García Arias

Neutrosophic Sets and Systems

Protected areas, such as the 6078-hectare Cerro Blanco Protected Forest of Guayaquil, often struggle with ineffi-cient wildlife information management, including previously physical and inefficient methods of fauna control, which can hinder effective conservation. Comprehensive digital resources are needed to improve data accessi-bility for informed decision-making regarding conservation activities. This project addressed this opportunity by developing and evaluating a digital platform specifically designed to facilitate the collection, organization, and dissemination of wildlife-based resources. While the consideration of digital approaches in conservation is rapidly increasing, there are minimal articles focused on successful encompassing digital platforms, and none that assess their real-world effect …

Neutrosophic Evaluation Of Conventional And Non-Conventional Resources In Higher Education, Walter Cente Pérez, Hortencio Flores Flores, Manuel Cesar Vildoso Villegas, Adán Humberto Estela Estela, Carlos Fretel Martínez, Virgilio Vildoso Gonzales, Eli Carrillo Vásquez

Neutrosophic Sets and Systems

Evaluating the effectiveness of teaching resources in higher education faces the challenge of inherent subjectivi-ty and ambiguity in pedagogical processes. Existing studies often oversimplify the complexity of the educa-tional phenomenon. This research proposes an innovative model combining neutrosophic theory with mul-ticriteria decision-making methods (specifically SVNLOWAD-TOPSIS) to simultaneously assess truth, falsity, and indeterminacy in resource effectiveness. The methodological framework, acknowledging the plithogenic nature of educational processes, uses a mixed-method design integrating expert perceptions synthesized via neutrosophic operators. A case study evaluating four resource types—traditional classes, online platforms, vir-tual simulations, and Project-Based Learning (PBL)—demonstrated that PBL is the most effective, followed by …

Wage Gap And Cost Of Living: A Multidimensional Measurement With Plithogenic Statistics And Indeterminate Likert Scale, Fernando Cruzatti-Vera, Guido Macas-Acosta, Fidel Márquez-Sánchez, Alexandra Yépez-Vera, Petr Sed'a

Neutrosophic Sets and Systems

The intention of the wage gap versus cost of living analysis was to explore the wage gap versus cost of living via a plithogenic statistic and an indeterminate, uncertain Likert scale survey. The intent was two-fold. First, to evaluate the wage gap versus cost of living. Second, to evaluate the uncertainty of income versus expenses. A plithogenic survey was sent to n= 357 men and women across various industries within a major metropolitan area. Findings were assessed through the new Likert scale with a subsequent option for indeterminate results. Plithogenic statistics were used to formulate a trend of indeterminacy and …

Selecting Optimal Monetary Policies For The Peruvian Hous-Ing Market Using The Neutrosophic Owa-Topsis Model, Edwin Collazos Paucar, Tomas Francisco Rosales León, Rilke Chong Vela, Jorge Luis Arrue Flores, Víctor Linares Pezo, María Josefa López Macedo, Cesar Ulises Marín Elespuru

Neutrosophic Sets and Systems

This research contributes to the literature where ideal monetary policy selection to increase housing demand in Pe-ru is still lacking for a vulnerable sector that can easily become unstable in times of recession. This research is sig-nificant because policymakers should pay attention to the real estate sector as it has economic and social welfare implications due to the current housing deficit situation across the country and international investors and lenders. Although previous articles have assessed how monetary policy transmits through the housing sector, few pay at-tention to the adoption of uncertainty itself. Therefore, prevailing methods do not comprehensively assess how …

Neutrosophic Sets And Systems, {Número Especial: Inteligencia Artificial, Neutrosofía Y Cosmovisiones Latinoamericanas: Hacia Un Futuro Sostenible (Taller – 18 Al 21 De Marzo De 2025, Universidad Tecnológica De El Salvador, San Salvador, El Salvador)}, Vol. 84, 2025, Florentin Smarandache, Maikel Leyva-Vázquez, Mohamed Abdel‑Basset

Neutrosophic Sets and Systems

Preface

Powering Up Clinical Scholarship, Evelyn Wang

HSLIC Faculty and Staff Instructional Resources

This presentation explores essential strategies and practical approaches to empower clinical scholarship among healthcare professionals. Topics include defining clinical scholarship, identifying opportunities for scholarly activities in clinical settings, leveraging evidence-based practice, collaboration and mentorship, navigating publication processes, and utilizing institutional resources. The session aims to inspire and equip clinicians to actively engage in scholarship, enhance professional development, and contribute to the advancement of healthcare practice and education.

Multi-Valued Q-Neutrosophic Computation For Enhancing The Digital Media Content Creation And Editing With Computer Assistance, Shanshan Zhang

Neutrosophic Sets and Systems

No abstract provided.

Submittal Of Mixed Waste Landfill Annual Long-Term Monitoring & Maintenance Report, April 2024-March 2025 For Sandia National Laboratories/New Mexico, Epa Id Number Nm5890110518, June 2025, Sandia National Laboratories/Nm

Facilities-Units

The Department of Energy/National Nuclear Security Administration (DOE/NNSA) and Sandia National Laboratories /New Mexico (SNL/NM) personnel submitted the Mixed Waste Landfill (MWL) Annual Long-Term Monitoring and Maintenance Report for the April 2024 through March 2025 reporting period to the New Mexico Environment Department (NMED) in accordance with the requirements of Section 4.8.1 of the MWL Long-Term Monitoring and Maintenance Plan (LTMMP). The LTMMP became effective on January 8, 2014.

The MWL is a 2.6-acre Solid Waste Management Unit (SWMU 76) located in the north-central part of Technical Area III at SNL/NM that has undergone corrective action. As of March 13, …

Comparison Of Conventional And Neutrosophic Methods For Statistical Power Analysis And Effect Size In Clinical Research, Vennila J, Basker P, Kripa Josten, Prakash P, Keerthi Vijayan, Menaka B, Prabu G. Raja

Neutrosophic Sets and Systems

No abstract provided.