Digital Commons Network^™

A Neutrosophic Metaheuristic Algorithm: Integrating Probability, Measures, And Adaptive Strategies For Robust Optimization Of Complex Computational Problems, Sara Salem

Neutrosophic Sets and Systems

No abstract provided.

Neutrosophic Cybersecurity Intelligence For Self-Healing Cellular Networks, Salma A. Walli, Hossam Reda Mohamed

Neutrosophic Sets and Systems

No abstract provided.

Neutrosophic Sets And Systems, Vol. 93, 2025, Florentin Smarandache, Mohamed Abdel-Basset, Maikel. Leyva Vazquez

Neutrosophic Sets and Systems

No abstract provided.

Unm Hslic Organizational Chart 2025, David Lucero

HSLIC Organizational Charts

No abstract provided.

Puf-Based Digital Money With Propagation-Of-Provenance And Offline Transfers Between Two Parties, Benjamin Bean, Cyrus Minwalla, Eirini Eleni Tsiropoulou, Jim Plusquellic

Electrical and Computer Engineering ETDs

Building on prior concepts of electronic money (eCash), we introduce a digital currency where a physical unclonable function (PUF) engenders devices with the twin properties of being verifiably enrolled as a member of a legitimate set of eCash devices and possessing of a hardware-based root-of-trust. A hardware-obfuscated secure enclave (HOSE) is proposed as a means of enabling a PUF-based propagation-of-provenance (POP) mechanism, which allows eCash tokens (eCt) to be securely signed and validated by recipients without incurring any third party dependencies at transfer time. The POP scheme establishes a chain of custody starting with token creation, extending through multiple bilateral …

Perceptions Of Inclusion In Disability Communication With Plithogenic Fuzzy Soft Sets, Sonia Guerra Iglesias, Andrea Eugenia Pacheco Lemus, Vallardo Villegas-Ricauter, Lorena Del Carmen Bodero Arizaga, Luis Enrique Silva Adriano

Neutrosophic Sets and Systems

This article explores how scientific communication with disability can foster social inclusion through an awareness of the challenge of conveying ambiguous perceptions across fields. This is a timely topic because inclusive communication facilitates equity and subsequent participation in academic and socio-cultural settings by persons with disabilities; however, the existing body of literature does not take an approach that represents an intrinsic indeterminacy of human perceptions. Absent this intrinsic human quality, research results oversimplify abilities and failures to include persons with disabilities. My approach fulfills this gap by using plitogenic fuzzy soft sets, which is a more generalized mathematical construct to …

Multidimensional Analysis Of Student Loyalty Using The Neutrosophic Biplot Method For Retention Strategies In Higher Education, Claudio Ruff, Marcelo Ruiz, Alexis Matheu, Bastián Gutiérrez, Luis Benites, Gerardo Anabalón

Neutrosophic Sets and Systems

Student loyalty in higher education represents a critical challenge for universities, particularly in the context of increasing competition and the need to ensure long-term retention. A key question arises: how can student loyalty be modeled when it is shaped by diverse and subjective perceptions? The relevance of this issue lies in its impact on institutional stability: when students withdraw before completing their programs, universities not only lose projected revenue but also face disruptions that may negatively influence academic rankings. Previous literature has explored drivers of satisfaction and determinants of loyalty; however, little attention has been given to approaches that explicitly …

Representation Of Motivational Dynamics In School Environments Through Plithogenic N-Superhypergraphs With Family Participation, Nelly Hodelín Amable, Elizabeth Esther Vergel De Salazar, Martha Gloria Martínez Isaac, Olivia Catalina Olavarría Sánchez, Johanna Mariuxi Solís Palma

Neutrosophic Sets and Systems

The study aimed to expand on motivational phenomena that transpires at the school level via Plithogenic n-SuperHyperGraphs via family guidance as one of the dominant features in establishing effective school/motivational environments. The study was conducted via a mixed-method quantitative and qualitative approach, including a questionnaire sent to parents/students, semi-structured interviews with teachers, and an observational approach for the grounded theory. All data were reflected via Plithogenic n-SuperHyperGraphs due to the interconnectedness of phenomena of motivation and pedagogical approaches and family guidance. The analysis of the study suggests that more motivated students are those who have more guided parents as they …

Soil Fertility Forecasting With Neutrosophic-Based Uncertainty Management, Franklin Parrales-Bravo, Roberto Tolozano-Benites, Dayron Rumbaut-Rangel

Neutrosophic Sets and Systems

This study presents a machine learning framework that combines Random Forest classification with neutrosophic logic to predict soil fertility from 16 physicochemical properties. The model achieves robust classification accuracy (95%) while introducing a novel uncertainty quantification mechanism through neutrosophic truth (T ), indeterminacy (I) and falsity (F ) values derived from prediction probabilities, assigning high-confidence (T = 0.9) to probabilities ≥0.9, indeterminacy (I = 0.3) to borderline cases (0.5≤p

Dialectics Of Inclusion In Physical Education: A Neutrosophic N‑Alectic Approach To The Creation And Communication Of Digital Content, Giceya De La Caridad Maqueira Caraballo, Lenin Esteban Loaiza Dávila, Germán Rafael Rojas Valdés

Neutrosophic Sets and Systems

This is how digital creations can foster inclusion in physical education, one of the more applicable and challenging aspects of today's diverse school realities. This study is significant, considering that we live in a digital world that requires the balance of such creations to promote equitable environments for increasingly functional, diverse school populations. While previous studies focused on inclusion in the physical education arena at school, none have studied the field based upon the uncertainties and discrepancies associated with communication and pedagogical endeavors, let alone from a digital perspective. Thus, the gap in the research is filled by the Neutrosophic …

Artificial Intelligence In Cuban Audiovisual Production: An Approach To Technological Sovereignty Evaluated Through Neutrosophic Pest-Foda Analysis, Natalia Del Carmen Díaz Riverón

Neutrosophic Sets and Systems

This article aims to respond to the need to generate a public policy for the regulation of artificial intelligence (AI) use in Cuban audiovisuals from technological sovereignty through a neutrosophic PEST-SWOT analysis. After a theoretical-contextual study composed of the history of AI, its scientific and technological bases and the ethical and regulatory issues of use, international experiences and studies and the current state of affairs in Cuba (comprised of technology based barriers, training impediments and absence of a specific regulatory approach), the research takes place through triangulation via a mixed-methodology where theoretical and empirical approaches are integrated with neutrosophic PEST-SWOT …

A Visual Aid-Based Model For Constructing The Concept Of Probability For Students Aged 9 To 11, Validated Using Neutrosophic Plithogenic Statistics, Nela Del Rocío Sánchez López, Diana Carolina Pérez Duarte, Luis Fernando Pérez Duarte

Neutrosophic Sets and Systems

This article discusses a research endeavor whose intent was to further develop statistical reasoning by formulating probability notions for 9-11-year-old learners. The probability endeavor is formulated through a union of narrative, problem-solving and visual approaches. Action research allowed for formulation and implementation within a school setting, satisfactorily proving success in developing learners' abilities to think logically and critically. Results indicate a statistically significant probability of appropriating the notion of probability based on neutrosophic plithogenic statistics which assessed the degree of truth, indeterminacy, and falsity of student answers which ultimately promote rational decisions in uncertain situations. It's recommended that the union …

A Neutrosophic Random Forest Approach For Preeclamptic Risk Prediction With Uncertainty Quantification, Franklin Parrales-Bravo, Rosangela Caicedo-Quiroz, Lorenzo Cevallos-Torres, Leonel Vasquez-Cevallos, Dayron Rumbaut-Rangel

Neutrosophic Sets and Systems

This study presents a novel integration of Random Forest with neutrosophic logic to improve preeclampsia risk prediction while quantifying prediction uncertainty. Using clinical data from 352 patients, the model achieved 72.73% accuracy with high sensitivity (0.898) in identifying control cases, though with lower specificity (0.235) for preeclampsia detection. Key predictors identified were birthweight and hypertension his- tory, aligning with clinical knowledge. The neutrosophic framework successfully categorized predictions into truth (T), indeterminacy (I), and falsity (F) components, revealing that 90% confidence predictions showed T = 0.9 while uncertain cases (0.5 ≤ p < 0.9) demonstrated elevated indeterminacy (I = 0.3). The main contributions include: 1) an interpretable uncertainty quantification method for clinical predictions, 2) validation of key risk factors through feature importance analysis, and 3) a practical framework for identifying cases requiring additional clinical evaluation. This approach demonstrates significant potential for enhancing decision-making in maternal healthcare.

Neutrosophic Plithogenic Hypotheses On Bacterial Resistance To Conventional And Laser-Assisted Treatments, Emma Arroyo Lalama, Edison Haro Pujos

Neutrosophic Sets and Systems

Enterococcus faecalis is a common endodontic pathogen that causes unsuccessful treatments because standard methods of debridement cannot remove it from the root canal system. Methods of debridement are effective relative to debriding multifactorial bacterial biofilms in apical pathogens. Therefore, neutrosophic plithogenic hypotheses are proposed to measure the uncertainty and variability of the bacterial response. Therefore, this work attempted to determine the impact of laser treatment (diode and Er:YAG) as an adjunct agent relative to and in conjunction with traditional irrigants in the reduction of E. faecalis. The diode and Er:YAG laser support increased disinfection efficacy over standard irrigants as they …

A Neutrosophic–Fsqca Framework For Strategic School Management: Superset And Coincidence Analyses Of Student Social Competence, Claudio Ruff Escobar, Jorge Ruff Faundes, Marcelo Ruiz, Cristián Cornejo, Aleksandra Michenkova, Luis Benites, Juliana Vassileva, Alexis Matheu Pérez

Neutrosophic Sets and Systems

This study proposes a neutrosophic–fsQCA framework to analyze strategic school management under conditions of uncertainty. Using data from 20 educators at the Colegio Bicentenario Louis Pasteur in Ecuador, neutrosophic Likert scales were applied to capture perceptions of interpersonal communication (IC), social interaction experiences (SIE), self-esteem and self-efficacy (SS), and their influence on students’ social competence (ECS). The neutrosophic triplets (T, I, F) were transformed into fuzzy sets through a fuzzification process, enabling subsequent Qualitative Comparative Analysis. Two complementary procedures were conducted: a superset analysis to assess necessary and sufficient conditions, and a coincidence analysis to explore overlap among conditions. Results …

Modeling The Rehabilitation Of Offenders In Domestic Violence Using A Hybrid Neutrosophic-Logistic Approach To Reduce Recidivism, Johanna Estefanía Calle Imbaquingo, Karen Milagros Díaz Salambay, Jordy Alexis Vargas Yumbo, Kevin Christopher Carrasco Azogue, Otto F. Von Feigenblatt

Neutrosophic Sets and Systems

This dissertation seeks to determine if criminal suspension—per Article 651.3 of National Criminal Code (COIP)—for domestic violence offenders in Ecuador actually reduces recidivism through effective rehabilitation. This study is significant for comprehension of offender mentality and subsequent ability to accept criminal punishment to reduce recidivism for prolonged victim safety and better acts of authority in a country where domestic violence is still a major social concern. While the existing literature has studied aspects of restorative justice, very few articles have explored the predicating factors of recidivism and the lack of judicial observation and databases due to a neoteric nature and …

Failure To Appear In Procedural Courts In The Ecuadorian Oral System: Analysis Of Its Legal Implications Through Multineutrosophic Modeling, Klever Israel Llerena Villacrés, Alex Santiago Páez Maldonado, Leonardo Mario Falconí Cárdenas

Neutrosophic Sets and Systems

This study intends to analyze the impact of not appearing as a legal consequence of the Ecuadorian oral system; in what way does it violate rights of the parties and the possibility of effective judicial protection? The study was developed through a mixed methodology, bibliographic-documentary design and empirical field study. Ultimately, Multineutrosophic modeling was used to limit uncertainty brought forth by establishing not appearing as a condition with lawyer presence, granted extensions or not, socioeconomic problems, etc., through a triangulation of findings from regulatory sources like the General Organic Code of Procedures (COGEP) and professionalizing interviews with judicial actors. The …

Hyperbolic Geometry And Neutrosophic Trigonometry: A Unified Approach To Uncertainty Management In Geometric Spaces, Yismandry González Vargas, Diana Padrón Carrasco

Neutrosophic Sets and Systems

This paper addresses the challenge of modeling uncertainty in hyperbolic geometry, where non-Euclidean properties, such as angle sums in triangles smaller than 180°, complicate traditional trigonometric calculations. The relevance of this topic lies in its application in fields such as cosmology, robotics, and signal processing, where curved spaces and imprecision are common. Although the literature has explored fuzzy geometry and trigonometry under uncertainty, it lacks a framework that integrates negative curvature with explicit indeterminacy. To overcome this gap, a methodology is proposed that combines hyperbolic geometry with neutrosophic trigonometry, using neutrosophic sets (T, I, F) to represent angles and calculate …

Scholarai Scholarly Article Search Strategies With The Ayni Method Multi-Neutrosophic For Ethical Information Management In Ai, Ennio Jesús Mérida Córdova, Elizabeth Esther Vergel Parejo, Raúl López Fernández

Neutrosophic Sets and Systems

In a digital world where scientific articles are published at an unprecedented rate, an additional step in the research process to facilitate discovery is an effective search and filtering for worthwhile articles. Thus, this study aims to solve the following research problem: how to search for scientific articles using artificial intelligence (AI) while applying ethical considerations and ancestral knowledge? The topical relevance is that as AI is a great vessel to seek potentially accessible knowledge, searches can be guaranteed through accuracy, inclusivity, and ethics. While many studies exist on the topic of AI related to searching, few, if any, extend …

Empowering Multigrade Interdisciplinary Assessment Through Plithogenic Offsets And Artificial Intelligence For Dynamic And Personalized Education, Roger Martinez Isaac, Rudy García Cobas, Carlos Roberto Humanante Cabrera, María Andrea Soto Granda, Linda Florangely Soto Torres

Neutrosophic Sets and Systems

This contribution addresses the issue of interdisciplinary assessment in multigrade classrooms: the diverse levels and the assessment path's unclear direction fail to render efficient learning. How can assessment be refined to avoid such discrepancies and establish a better path of equalized and contextualized learning? It's a pressing question for 21st-century learning—more so in rural areas where interdisciplinary attempts can create holistic and connected learning for the learners—but the literature fails to guide systematically, apart from rendering systematic solutions that rely only on tacit, non-explicit, technical interventions. Therefore this research contributes a systematic intervention that combines a Plithogenic Offset—neutrosophic attempts to …

Exploring Irrational Number Learning Using The Plithogenic Hypothesis Method: Integrating Incommensurability, Decimal Representations, And Cognitive Conflict, Daniel Alberto Vaderrama Martinez, Gerardo Antonio Chacon Guerrero, Osvaldo Jesus Rojas Velazquez

Neutrosophic Sets and Systems

This dissertation aimed to formulate a theory regarding high school students' learning of irrational numbers with the plithogenic hypothesis method as a modeling instructional approach for incommensurability, decimal expansions, and cognitive conflict. Using a concurrent Design-Based Research (DBR) and Grounded Theory (GT) method with twelve eleventh-grade students during 2025 in Bogotá, Colombia, four didactic interventions occurred addressing incommensurability, geometric representations, approximated sequences, and interdisciplinary uses; data were analyzed through systematic coding and plithogenic matrices, with results presented through truth, uncertainty, and falsity. Conclusions revealed that incommensurability (60% consensus) serves as a conceptual anchor to justify subsequent understandings, decimal expansions (50% …

Neutrosophic Framework For Violence Prediction In Urban Environments: A Hybrid Approach Integrating Fsqca And Machine Learning For Public Safety Decision-Making, Alfonso Aníbal Guijarro Rodríguez, Tatiana Mabel Alcívar Maldonaldo, Leili Genoveva Lopezdominguez, Matilde Briggitte Silvers Briones, John Henry Fernández Vera

Neutrosophic Sets and Systems

In the context of citizen security, predictive systems for urban violence are essential for preventive decision-making and the efficient allocation of security resources. This work proposes an innovative neutrosophic framework that integrates Fuzzy Qualitative Qualitative Comparative Analysis ( fsQCA ) with Machine Learning algorithms to predict urban violence patterns in complex and uncertain environments. Neutrosophic logic allows handling the uncertainty, imprecision and inconsistencies inherent in social data, while fsQCA identifies complex causal configurations that traditional statistical methods cannot capture. The developed hybrid model combines Random Forest, fuzzy logic, and neutrosophic logic are used to process homicide data, demographic variables, and …

Validation Of Relationships Between Effective Lead-Ership And Organizational Performance Through Workplace Well‑Being: Formulation Of Neutrosophic Plithogenic Hypotheses In The Context Of Ecuadorian Public Higher Education, Otto Villaprado Chávez, Jaime Rivera Camino

Neutrosophic Sets and Systems

This investigation correlates effective leadership with organizational performance of public universities in Ecuador, while employee well-being plays a mediating role. Such a topic is relevant because public educational management must be maximized since many public entities struggle with resources and human talent—such challenges translate to critical determinants of institutional quality and public and private market competitiveness. Moreover, whilst literature exists on leadership and performance, few have explored the mediation role of employee well-being in Latin America; thus, an opportunity arises to fill the literature gap with meaningful findings. Thus, to solve the problem, an approach based on neutrosophic plithogenic hypotheses …

Modeling Numerical Thinking In Second-Year Students Using Neutrosophic Cognitive Maps In Game-Based Learning, Nayade Caridad Reyes Palau, Amable Nelly Hodelín, Elizabeth Esther Vergel De Salazar, Lidia Carmita Pucha Medina, Mariela Alexandra Flores García

Neutrosophic Sets and Systems

This problem is a development of numerical thinking of second course Basic General Education students where insufficient understanding of digits and little enthusiasm obstructs proper learning. The topicality of the problem is relevant since understanding numbers since early age allows for proper academic growth and task oriented problem-solving success in the everyday life—it is needed in a quite strict setting that allows for great logical-mathematical skills. The previous solutions did not meet the requirements of recent studies conducted in the field of games learning, as they did not integrate the uncertainly that reflected the cognitive developments of children, nor did …

Neutrosophic Psychology In Playful Spelling Learning: Understanding Cognitive And Emotional Dynamics In Spelling Competence, Giselle Rodríguez Caballero, Martha Silvia Mancebo Calzado, Elsy Rodríguez Revelo, Lissett Aide Perea Tenorio, Cecilia Denisse Anangonó Corozo

Neutrosophic Sets and Systems

The problem explored in this article is spelling ability of 3rd year students of Basic General Education and how neutrosophic psychology can enhance spelling rules through playful teaching. Spelling is an essential component of presenting one's thoughts formally and non-verbally; unfortunately, without motivation and without dynamic approaches, spelling becomes complicated. The problem is observed in problems of the contemporary educated world as (positional) writing is formalized, and the requirements of language standards always should be met, which means logic and causation should be added for future endeavors of logical thinking and orientations by the public. Thus, similar research exists regarding …

Descriptive And Diagnostic Analysis Of Customer Complaints For Different Electric Companies Of Ecuador Using Neutrosophic Logic, Marco Arguello Arguello, Franklin Parrales Bravo, Roberto Tolozano Benites, Dayron Rumbaut Rangel

Neutrosophic Sets and Systems

This article presents a descriptive analysis of complaint and claim management by ARCONEL and Electricity Distribution Companies in Ecuador for the year 2023. The dataset includes information about complaint outcomes such as 'Procedentes' (resolved), 'No Procedentes' (dismissed), 'En Proceso' (pending), and 'Invalidado' (invalid). This analysis will examine the complaint dataset using neutrosophic logic, which extends traditional binary logic by incorporating indeterminacy. We apply Neutrosophic Logic to capture not only resolved and unresolved complaints, but also uncertainty in complaint status. Key findings reveal high median resolution rates (99.98%), yet notable disparities exist: Sierra region companies outperform those in Costa, and private …

Strengthening Reading Comprehension Through Affective Communication And Artificial Intelligence With Validation By Neutrosophic Numbers, Giselle Rodríguez Caballero, Rudy García Cobas, Elsy Rodríguez Revelo, Nidia María Cumbicus Castillo, Piedad Doraliza Cordero Cueva

Neutrosophic Sets and Systems

This investigation explores whether emotional communication empowered by artificial intelligence tools is needed for pedagogical integration for reading comprehension for Third Graders at Santiago Fernández García Educational Unit. Through Teacher interviews, classroom observations and pedagogical assessments, the investigator uncovered methodological insufficiencies that not only hinder the literal aspects of reading comprehension but also interpretative and critical aspects. Teachers hold a fortuitous upper hand regarding these advancements; however, test results show non-sufficient didactic planning geared toward emotional awareness strategy developments through artificial intelligence. Suggested artificial intelligence developments in this area show to be text generators or emotional detectors; however, this is …

Automated Ai Validation Of Neutrosophic Plithogenic Hypotheses In Multigrade Literacy Improvement, Isaac Roger Martínez, Débora Lucia Ponce Rivera, Maryuri Yvonne Guale Gómez, Rudy Garcia Cobas, Carlos Roberto Humanante Cabrera

Neutrosophic Sets and Systems

Literacy is acquired in multigrade classrooms in complicated scenarios because of varying literacy competencies and abilities and varied resources and materials. Thus, it's hard to determine if certain teaching interventions work. This is also a growing concern, a timely consideration, because as the institutions try to better the Quality of Education and prevent learning lags for multivariate classrooms are concerned. Yet the literature contains gaps where no direct attempt to stabilize teaching interventions is made despite the findings of many studies generating didactic interventions through the proceedings. Thus, this study fills the gap with an approach based upon hypothesis generation …

Neutrosophic Sets And Systems, Vol. 92, 2025, Florentin Smarandache, Maikel Yelandi Leyva, Mohamed Abdel‑Basset

Neutrosophic Sets and Systems

No abstract provided.

Fedchae: Federated Learning With Client Clustering And Hybrid Adaptive Engagement, Chaeeun Park

Electrical and Computer Engineering ETDs

As machine learning adoption expands, data privacy concerns have grown significantly. Federated Learning (FL) addresses this challenge by allowing clients to train locally and share only their model parameters with the server. However, conventional FL methods such as FedAvg suffer from high communication overhead, as all clients must participate in every global round.

This paper proposes FedChae (Federated Learning with Client Clustering and Hybrid Adaptive Engagement) to balance communication efficiency and model accuracy. FedChae alternates between Grouping Rounds, where all clients perform clustering, and Conventional Rounds, where one client per cluster updates the model.

Simulations with 100 clients using Multi-class …