Digital Commons Network^™

An Introduction To Advanced Soft Set Variants: Superhypersoft Sets, Indetermsuperhypersoft Sets, Indetermtreesoft Sets, Bihypersoft Sets, Graphicsoft Sets, And Beyond, Takaaki Fujita, Florentin Smarandache

Neutrosophic Sets and Systems

No abstract provided.

Visiones Y Disputas Discursivas Sobre Santa Rosa Da Lima: "El Rosal De Rosa" (1889) De Ricardo Palma Y "Babá Osaím, Cimarrón, Ora Por La Santa Muerta" (2003) De Cronwell Jara (Gabriela Falconi Piedra, Pp. 56-65), Gabriela Falconi

Intersecciones Hispánicas: Revista de Cultura, Literatura y Lingüística

Las representaciones de la primera santa de América, Isabel Flores de Oliva (1586-1617), han sido diversas y múltiples pues tras su canonización en 1671, su imagen se asoció al nacio- nalismo criollo de la época, convirtiéndose en un símbolo de consolidación política. Como canalizadora de formas de conocimiento y valores, la figura de la virgen limeña se utilizó para ratificar la superioridad y el control de ciertos grupos de poder sobre otros. En mi trabajo comparo dos narrativas distintas sobre Santa Rosa de Lima: la de Ricardo Palma y la de Cronwell Jara, cuyas diferencias no solo provienen del tiempo …

Los Cuerpos Y Su Revolución Interminable (Ana Mora Trejos, Pp. 66-74), Ana Mora Trejos

Intersecciones Hispánicas: Revista de Cultura, Literatura y Lingüística

Este artículo analiza la representación de los cuerpos desde los Estudios del cuerpo y la teoría del biopoder, específicamente, se analizarán algunos de los mecanismos de legitimación1 que operan dentro de la literatura de la revolución mexicana y épocas pos- teriores. Esto con el fin de obtener un mejor entendimiento acerca de los mecanismos de legitimación de ciertos cuerpos sobre otros en la historia mexicana: el uso de la fuerza y el poder, violencia y poder, masculinidad y poder, medios económicos y poder, etc. Se realiza un análisis crítico de tres textos: Los de abajo de Mariano Azuela (publicada por …

Cuentos Y Poemas (Pp. 106-144), Juan Fernando Arce, Juan Carlos Flores, Emilio Carrera Quiroga, Rubén Flores, Goyo Garavito, Angélica Labrada, Adriana Luna, Pedro Mieles, Víctor Parra Avellaneda, Laura Sánchez Stone, Mario Alberto Santoyo

Intersecciones Hispánicas: Revista de Cultura, Literatura y Lingüística

No abstract provided.

Life After Death: Investigating The Resistance And Recovery Of Fungal Communities To Foundation Tree Mortality, Jessie F. Marlenee

Biology ETDs

Tree mortality can have cascading effects on the composition and resilience of interacting fungal communities. Yet, little is known about the impact tree mortality, distinct from abiotic drivers (i.e., drought), has on these communities. This dissertation focuses on the resilience of fungal communities to experimental tree mortality in a piñon-juniper woodland. In chapter one, I found that piñon mortality reduced piñon fine root biomass and piñon mycorrhizal fungal diversity, whereas juniper mycorrhizal fungi were unaffected by juniper mortality. In chapter two, I revealed that piñon mortality altered the composition and spatial structure of mycorrhizal and saprotrophic fungi in the soil, …

Leveraging Attention Mechanism To Unlock Gene And Protein Attributes, Ala Jararweh

Computer Science ETDs

Advancing personalized medicine depends on effectively integrating and interpreting the vast, heterogeneous landscape of biological data, from genomic sequences and transcriptomics to the insights embedded in scientific literature. Current machine learning models often focus on single data modalities, limiting their capacity to capture the multifaceted nature of biological systems. We address this gap by developing three attention-based machine-learning models integrating diverse data modalities. Firstly, DeepVul is a multi-task model that leverages cancer transcriptome data to predict genes critical for cancer survival and their corresponding drugs. Subsequently, LitGene refines gene representations by integrating textual information from the scientific literature. Finally, Protein2Text …

Tales About Afghan Women After The U.S. Lost The War In Afghanistan In 2021: A Frame Analysis Of Coverage In The New York Times, Ismat Ara Begum

Communication ETDs

This study investigates how U.S. news media framed Afghan women’s identities and experiences in the context of the Taliban’s return to power after the U.S. military withdrawal of troops from Afghanistan. In this qualitative inquiry, I examined 11 in-depth, human-interest stories in The New York Times, a mainstream news organization known for its influence on coverage of international and global affairs. A frame analysis was applied to identify salient frames and their ideological underpinnings. The findings show two dominant frames in the coverage, women’s rights and victimhood, articulated through three rhetorical strategies—binary oppositions, comparing loss vs. gain, and emphasis on …

The Social Life Of Plants: Botanical Representations In Moche Art, Breanna Fae Reiss

Art & Art History ETDs

The Moche were semi-autonomous communities who thrived in the ten fertile riverine valleys of Peru’s northern coast between the late fourth and ninth centuries CE. Phase IV (c. 590–700 CE) Southern Moche ceramics feature intricate fine line visual narrative scenes with many multivalent symbols and motifs. This dissertation intends to understand why plants begin to play a more significant role in the Moche iconographic corpus in this period. I explore the interests of elites, the ecological web interweaving image and environment, and species identification. The local flora was affected on one hand by naturally occurring changes in weather and environment …

Complexity, Coordination, And The Politics Of Global Health Emergencies: Institutions, Actors, And Responses, Jennifer M. Kerner

Political Science ETDs

This dissertation examines the politics of global health emergencies through three interconnected studies. First, it analyzes the declaration of Public Health Emergencies of International Concern (PHEICs), revealing that while World Health Organization (WHO) protocols influence decisions, political factors may also play a role. Second, a case study of the 2014 Ebola outbreak explores the complexities of international response coordination. It highlights the importance of established protocols, clear leadership, and effective communication, while also noting the challenges posed by resource constraints and inter-organizational dynamics. Third, the research investigates the impact of military involvement in global health emergencies. It reveals that military …

Determinants Of Neuronal Viability Following Spreading Depolarization, Michael C. Bennett

Biomedical Sciences ETDs

Spreading depolarizations (SDs) are massive, slowly propagating waves that cause near-complete neuroglial depolarization and are energetically demanding for the brain. Past studies have established SDs as key contributors to secondary injury in tissue that lacks the metabolic supply to meet the energetic burden of repolarization after SD. Efforts to identify the mechanisms that cause deleterious consequences following SD have been ongoing, with significant results showing that blocking excitotoxic levels of Ca²⁺ from entering neurons through NMDA receptors prevents detrimental outcomes. While these studies have advanced the field, other mechanisms may also contribute to the metabolic burden of SD. This …

Cyber Physical Emulation Of Power Grids: Co-Simulation Of Exata Cps And Hypersim, Mckayla Snow

Electrical and Computer Engineering ETDs

This thesis explores the use of cyber-physical emulation of power grids to analyze the impact of different types of cyberattacks. It outlines the co-simulation process of HYPERSIM and EXata CPS within the OPAL-RT real-time digital simulator, demonstrating various cyberattacks on two power system models. The first model is a simple communication-focused testbed for easy demonstration of co-simulation setup, while the second is a power system model of a secondary network used to assess the cybersecurity of network protector units in low-voltage networks through a hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) testbed. Using this testbed, the cybersecurity of the direct transfer trip (DTT) scheme is …

Evaluating The Performance Of Bayesian Removal Models For Estimating Population Density And Detecting Trends With Variable Detection Probability, David R. Stewart

Mathematics & Statistics ETDs

Removal models have long been used to estimate population abundance by progressively capturing and removing individuals from a closed population. These models provide a valuable tool for ecological monitoring, but their accuracy depends heavily on assumptions about detection probability, which may decline over successive sampling passes. Traditional removal models assume constant detection probabilities, an assumption that is often violated in real-world applications. This thesis aims to advance hierarchical Bayesian models by accounting for variable detection probabilities, improving the reliability of abundance estimates and trend detection. By integrating simulation-based analyses with empirical data from Lahontan Cutthroat Trout (Oncorhynchus clarkia henshawi …

Achieving Periodontal Disease Stabilization: Assessing The Impact Of Laser Therapy In Scaling And Root Planing And Periodontal Maintenance Visits, Cassandra Charlotte Cooper

Dental Hygiene ETDs

Purpose: This study examined the effectiveness of laser utilization in stabilizing periodontal disease over a one-year period. This research focused on the results following scaling and root planing with adjunctive laser-assisted periodontal therapy and laser bacterial reduction at subsequent periodontal maintenance visits. While short-term advantages are documented in the literature, research on sustained effectiveness is limited. Methods: A retrospective chart review of 30 adult patients who received the above treatment was conducted. Periodontal charting was recorded at three visits over one year. Data was collected and analyzed utilizing Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) to determine statistical significance of periodontal …

A Concise Formalization Of Hyperrealism-Antirealism In Physics Using Neutrosophic Logic, Takaaki Fujita, Florentin Smarandache, Victor Christianto

Neutrosophic Sets and Systems

In [6], the relationship between hyperrealism and antirealism in physics is proposed. Hyperrealism Antirealism describes a spectrum where theories transition from being empirically grounded (realist) to speculative frameworks dominated by untestable assumptions, thereby detaching from observable reality. This paper presents a concise mathematical formalization of the spectrum of hyperrealism-antirealism in theoretical physics and the philosophy of science. We propose a method to quantify the extent to which a theory is “hyperreal” or “antirealist” using a ratio of testable to untestable statements. Additionally, we provide several theorems that outline the conditions under which theories shift into hyperreal or antirealist domains. Finally, …

Women, Gender & Sexuality Studies 2025 Apr Self-Study & Documents, Unm Academic Program Review

UNM Academic Program Review

UNM Women, Gender & Sexuality Studies APR self-study report, review team report, response report, and initial action plan for Spring 2025, fulfilling requirements of the Higher Learning Commission.

Biology 2025 Apr Self-Study & Documents, Unm Academic Program Review

UNM Academic Program Review

UNM Biology APR self-study report, review team report, response report, and initial action plan for Spring 2025, fulfilling requirements of the Higher Learning Commission.

Classification Of Organizational Behavior At The National Agrarian University Of La Selva Based On Plithogenic Sets, Ketty Marilú Moscoso-Paucarchuco, Lucila Maribel Justiniano-Advincula, Monica Gisela Justiniano-Advincula, Manuel Michael Beraún-Espíritu, Inocente Feliciano Salazar-Rojas, Carlos Walter Mayta-Molina, Juan Dionicio Paz-Soldán Chávez

Neutrosophic Sets and Systems

In human organizations, there are group ways of conducting themselves, the interaction between members, and internal dynamics, among others that make the organization maintain a specific behavior as if it were an individual. This is the so-called Organizational Behavior, which is important to identify within a particular organization to improve the performance and efficiency of the entity. There are four types of organizational behavior models, namely, autocratic, custodial, supportive, and collegial. This paper aims to classify the organization that belongs to the office of the Academic Vice-Rector of the National Agrarian University of La Selva in Peru. To do this …

Group Decision-Making Model Based On Triangular Neutrosophic Sets For Service Quality Evaluation In Tourism Mobile E-Commerce, Ying Liu

Neutrosophic Sets and Systems

Triangular fuzzy numbers are frequently used by experts to assess their opinions in the group decision-making (GDM) paradigm. In this research, we used neutrosophic because preference connections with triangular fuzzy numbers are consistent. In GDM, it is crucial to consider the degree of consensus and the consistency of expert opinion. The idea of additive approximation consistency is put out for triangular neutrosophic Sets (TNSs) additive reciprocal matrices to differentiate the typical consistency. The GDM methodology is used to evaluate tourism mobile e-commerce services to select the best one. Two methods are used in this study such as SWARA is used …

Quality Review Of Computer Digital Media Art Design Using Neutrosophic Logic: A Case Study, Gao Huijuan, Fu Licheng

Neutrosophic Sets and Systems

Evaluating the quality of Computer Digital Media Art Design is complex because it involves both subjective artistic elements and objective technical criteria. This study uses the multi-criteria decision making (MCDM) method to deal with different criteria. Two MCDM methods are used in this study such as Preference Selection Index (PSI) Method to compute the criteria weights and the RATGOS method to rank the alternatives. These methods are used neutrosophic sets to dela with vague and uncertainty information. Eight criteria and seven alternatives are used to select the best alternatives. Four experts have evaluated these criteria and alternatives. An example is …

The Relationship Between Closed-Loop Auditory Stimulation During Sleep And Eeg On Memory Consolidation, Hector Patricio Valverde

Psychology ETDs

Slow-wave sleep is critical for consolidating information into long-term memory. Past research has found this process can be enhanced using closed-loop auditory stimulation (CLAS), where pink noise tones are timed to slow oscillations using live EEG to increase slow wave amplitude and synchronize connections across the neocortex, thalamus, and hippocampus. In this study, subjects slept in our laboratory while receiving counterbalanced sham or verum CLAS. Memory retention scores were calculated using a paired associates word task completed before and after sleep. Subjective sleep quality scores were also obtained. A total of 33 verum and 35 sham nights of data were …

Innovative Efficiency Measurement Using Stackelberg Games And Neutrosophic Numbers, Ali Asghar Tatlari, Bijan Rahmani Perchkolaei, Farhad Hosseinzadeh Lotfi

Neutrosophic Sets and Systems

This paper addresses the challenge of measuring efficiency in systems with two components using Stackelberg game theory and neutrosophic numbers to handle data uncertainty. Unlike traditional Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) models that treat Decision Making Units (DMUs) as black boxes, we propose a new neutrosophic Network DEA (NDEA) model to compute efficiency scores for each division. By applying Stackelberg game theory, we break down the system's efficiency scores into sub-system efficiencies, providing a more detailed assessment of performance. Our proposed model represents a significant contribution to the literature by developing a two-stage Network Slack Based Measure (NSBM) model. This model …

Hypersoft Semi-Connected Spaces, Florentin Smarandache, V. Inthumathi, M. Amsaveni

Neutrosophic Sets and Systems

Neutrosophic sets are an important field of topology that deals with inconsistent, indeterminate, and uncertain circumstances in real life. Hypersoft sets have grown in popularity due to their ability to represent data as a collection of trait-valued disjoint sets that combine various attributes. Motivated by this concept, we introduce a new hyper-approach known as hypersoft semi-separated, which employs hypersoft semi-open sets [HSO]. This article presents several local properties of HSO sets, such as hypersoft semi-neighborhoods of hypersoft points and hypersoft semi-first countable spaces. Additionally, definitions of hypersoft semi-connected [HSCO] spaces, hypersoft locally semi-connected [HLSCO] spaces, and associated properties are provided. …

A Concise Introduction To Hyperfuzzy, Hyperneutrosophic, Hyperplithogenic, Hypersoft, And Hyperrough Sets With Practical Examples, Takaaki Fujita, Florentin Smarandache

Neutrosophic Sets and Systems

Various set concepts are widely recognized for effectively addressing u ncertainty, including fuzzy sets, neutrosophic sets, plithogenic sets, rough sets, and soft sets. These concepts have been further extended through hyperstructures (based on powersets) and superhyperstructures (based on n-th powersets, which are sets with repeated power set structures) [5,12–14,32]. These extensions are commonly referred to as HyperUncertain, SuperUncertain, and SuperHyperUncertain Sets/Logics/Probabilities/Statistics, and they were introduced by Smarandache in 2016-2017 [32] as parts of HyperStructures, SuperStructures, and SuperHyperStructures respectively. This paper recalls these concepts along with concrete examples.

Wagon Tracks Volume 40, Issue 1

Wagon Tracks

Table of Contents

2 On the Cover

4 Trail Writings by Chris Day

5 Joanne’s Jottings by Joanne VanCoevern

7 In Memorium: Vern Osborne

8 Save the Dates: SFTA Celebrates 40^th Anniversary

9 DAR Marker Gets Rededicated at Bent’s Fort by Larry Bourne

9 Upcoming Events

10–28 Pikes Peak or Bust: The Untold Story of the Colorado Gold Rush by Larry Obermesik

29 Chapter Reports

32 Calendar

A New Way For Justice For Families Of Schoolchildren With Disabilities? A Case Note On Luna Perez V. Sturgis Public Schools, Kevin R. Hart

New Mexico Law Review

For years, the majority of courts have ruled that parents of children with disabilities were required to exhaust special education due process procedures before filing civil actions under other disability statutes. Change would come through Luna Perez v. Sturgis Public Schools. In Luna Perez, a deaf student, Miguel Luna Perez, was denied a free and appropriate education for eleven years. After settling the case under the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA), Mr. Luna Perez (initially through his mother, but later continuing on his own) filed a claim for compensatory damages under the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) and Section …

Forever Chemicals And Livestock: Exploring Contmination Of Per- And Polyfluoroalkyl Substances On Farms And Assessing Usda's Role In Indemnification, Chance Mitchell

Natural Resources Journal

This article examines the limitations of existing federal authorities in addressing the growing threat of PFAS contamination in livestock production operations. While existing programs at the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA), such as the Livestock Indemnity Program, provide critical support for producers facing natural disasters, they do not cover losses related to toxic substances like PFAS. The only USDA program offering PFAS-related indemnity is the Dairy Indemnity Payment Program (DIPP), but its narrow scope limits coverage to dairy farms. Efforts to amend the statutory language of existing programs or create new ones face significant hurdles, including Congress’s rigid approach to …

Dark Skies: Places, Practices, Communities Edited By Nick Dunn & Tim Edensor, Stella Rose-Wyatt

Natural Resources Journal

No abstract provided.

Advanced T2nn-Taxonomy Framework For Assessing Quality Of Dynamic Logos In Digital Media Via Type-2 Neutrosophic Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis, Yan Lu, Meidi Zhang

Neutrosophic Sets and Systems

In the context of digital media, the quality evaluation of dynamic logo design focuses on visual impact, brand communication, technical execution, and user experience. Visual impact assesses the logo's appeal and creativity; brand communication examines if the logo accurately reflects the brand image; technical execution looks at animation smoothness and cross-platform compatibility; user experience measures interactivity and memorability. These factors ensure the logo's effectiveness and influence in a digital environment. The evaluation of dynamic logo design quality within the digital media context is Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis (MCDA). Recently, the Taxonomy technique was described to grapple with MCDA. The Type-2 neutrosophic …

Exploring The Role Of Cyclin D1 In Regulating Thermogenic Program In Brown Adipose Tissue, Chengrui Qiu

Biomedical Sciences ETDs

Abstract Adipose tissue plays a multifaceted role in regulating metabolic health and contributing to the pathophysiology of various diseases. Brown Adipose Tissue (BAT), a vital organ that senses different environmental cues such as cold stress and diet and then undergoes non-shivering thermogenesis in mammalian animals, enhancing energy expenditure to combat obesity. In our recent published study, we found that the mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) signaling pathway exhibits doubleedge effects in regulating thermogenic function, with opposite role in BAT and white adipose tissue (WAT). To further investigate the molecular mechanisms underlying the dual role of mTORC1 in thermogenic …

Module 1 Student Workbook, Karon Klipple, Cheryl Hedden

Module 1 Workbook

No abstract provided.