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Wagon Tracks Volume 33, Issue 3 (May 2019), Santa Fe Trail Association

Wagon Tracks

2 On the Cover: Rock Creek Camping

4 President: As I See It

5 Manager: Joanne's Jottings

6 Trail News

7 Symposium 2019

10 Symposium 2021

12 SFTA 2019 Board of Directory Nominees

15 New Mexico Daughters Sent to School in St. Louis

20 St. Louis, the Santa Fe trade, and the Great Flood of 1844

27 Books: Coast to Coast Empire: Manifest Destiny and the New Mexico Borderlands

28 Chapter Reports

29 Membership Form

32 Calendar

Constructing A Relevant Contemporary Philosophy Of Education: Explorations Of A Freirean Scholar, Rolf Straubhaar

Intersections: Critical Issues in Education

Using Paulo Freire’s (2005) theoretical construct of generative themes, this essay discusses the necessary elements of a relevant contemporary philosophy of education, drawing on dominant themes in the work of several representative, seminal thinkers: Rousseau, Wollstonecraft, Dewey, Du Bois, Freire, Morrison and hooks. Each of these thinkers addresses issues that are quite pertinent to contemporary educational practice, highlighting the importance and intersectionality of class, race and gender, alongside the importance of democracy as both a political ideal and instructional method. The essay will end with a harmonization of the identified generative themes of each of these thinkers into the author’s …

Sombras Del País (Shadows Of The Country): The Concerts Of Felipe Delgado And Anna Maud Van Hoose In The 1930s

New Mexico Historical Review

No abstract provided.

Historias Pequeñas: Major Beall And Captive Redemption In New Mexico, William Gorenfeld

New Mexico Historical Review

No abstract provided.

Gold King Mine Spill: Environmental Law And Legal Protections For Environmental Responders, Clifford J. Villa

Faculty Scholarship

On August 5, 2015, EPA contractors working at the Gold King Mine in southwestern Colorado accidently released approximately three million gallons of contaminated mine water into the drainage of the Animas River. The water contained metals which created a bright orange plume that coursed down the Animas River and into the connecting San Juan River for many days, attracting nationwide attention and creating great concern for many local communities. The plume touched at least three states, three tribes, and numerous municipalities. The release fortunately did not prove an environmental catastrophe as many people feared at the time. However, it did …

Teacher Perceptions Of Environmental Science In Rural Northwestern New Mexico Public Schools, Marie Quiahuitl Julienne

Organization, Information and Learning Sciences ETDs

In this study, I explored what teachers perceive as the factors that impact their teaching of environmental science in rural secondary level schools in northwestern New Mexico. I adapted Bronfenbrenner’s (1994) ecological systems model, based on four environmental subsystem levels (microsystem, mesosystem, exosystem, and macrosystem), as the conceptual framework to address the major research question of this study, and developed 18 interview questions to explore teachers’ perceptions of factors that influence their teaching of environmental science. I investigated the perspectives science teachers have about environmental science topics and the influences they perceive that affect how they teach environmental science, and …

(Re)Insurgent Ecologies: Dwelling Together Between Queasy Worlds, Kirsten Elizabeth Mundt

American Studies ETDs

Discourses that construct the “self” as something to be fixed, or made whole, chart a retreat from relational ecosystems back to the individual, reinforcing colonial politics rooted in bounded individualism. This project animates an ontological, relational framework that, in detaching from liberal humanist discourses of healing and “self,” makes affective links from autopoietic frameworks for healing and survival to de-colonial, sympoieitic concerns for expanded kinship. New meanings and attachments are forged within queasy border zones of incommensurability, toggling between the particular and the universal, between desires for solidarity and recognition that colonial violences continue to be unequally distributed and borne. …

Microsphere-Based Disordered Photonic Structures: Control Of Randomness In Langmuir-Blodgett Assembly And Radiative Cooling Applications, Sarun Atiganyanun

Nanoscience and Microsystems ETDs

Many biological photonic structures in nature exhibit a significant degree of disorder within their periodic framework that enhances their optical properties. However, how such disorder contributes to the unique photonic characteristics is not yet fully understood. To facilitate studies on this topic, we investigated self-assembly of microspheres as a method to controllably introduce randomness to photonic structures. Specifically, we examined Langmuir-Blodgett assembly, a layer-by-layer fabrication technique. We developed and experimentally verified a model for the process and determined a condition of surface pressure and substrate pulling speed that corresponds to a maximum structural order in a layer. Along the trajectory …

Decolonizing Playwriting Through Indigenous Ceremonial Performances, Jay B. Muskett

Theatre & Dance ETDs

This dissertation attempts to express the importance of storytelling within the Indigenous Theater framework. It does so by first analyzing the progression of the writer’s unique upbringing and analyzing the influences of story upon an indigenous identity. I will also attempt to describe the aesthetics of Native Theater along two lines of methodology which includes praxis described and developed by Hanay Geiogamah and Rolland Meinholtz. I will also explain how the script 1n2ian tries to follow those concepts of Native Theater to create a ceremonial performance that uses a blending of both methodologies.

A Cartography Of Roots: An Exploration Of Plant Communication, Place, And Story, Mariko Oyama Thomas

Communication ETDs

This study uses oral history and auto-ethnography to collect thematic data on relationships and communication between plants and people in New Mexico, USA. Western and industrial cultures tend to be plant-blind, which is extremely dangerous in the wake of climate disruption and associated loss of plant biodiversity. This study works to collect and produce a generative landscape of narratives of non-binary relationships between humans and plants. These narratives show a range of hopeful, relational connections between human and more-than-human worlds. Overall results indicated the existence of many positive relationships between plants and people in the Western world, and that these …

An Erp Investigation Of Reward Signals For Differing Classes Of Reinforcing Stimuli, Darin R. Brown

Psychology ETDs

In order to successfully traverse an actively complex environment, an agent is required to learn from the consequences of their actions. For over a century, models of behavior have been developed demonstrating these consequence-based learning systems. More recently, underlying biological systems have been found to adhere to these constructs of learning. The electroencephalographic signal known as the Reward Positivity (RewP) is thought to reflect a dopamine-dependent cortical signal specific to reward receipt. Importantly, this signal has been shown to adhere to an axiomatic (rule-like) positive reward prediction error, whereby it is evoked following outcomes that are better than expected. These …

Explaining Variation And Change Among Late Pleistocene And Early Holocene Microblade-Based Societies In Northeastern Asia, Meng Zhang

Anthropology ETDs

This project aims to provide a culture-ecological explanation of variation and change among microblade-based societies in Northeastern Asia during the late Pleistocene and early Holocene between c. 30,000 - 6,000 years ago. Assuming that paleoenvironmental changes stimulated cultural changes due to available food resources and that local environment conditioned cultural variation, the development of microblade-based societies can be divided into four phases (c.30-22 kya, 22-15 kya, 15-10 kya, 10-c.1 kya uncal. BP) in four regions (north continental, south continental, north insular, and south insular).

The study’s macroecological approach based on Constructing Frames of Reference (Binford 2001) is applied to elucidate …

Urban In Nature: Yosemite, Cars, And California's Cities, 1913–1970, Guy Mcclellan

History ETDs

The impacts of national parks do not stop at their borders, and neither should their histories. Located less than a day’s drive from California’s biggest cities, Yosemite National Park remains a product of their combined influences. “Urban in Nature” is a relational history of the park and its nearby metropolitan areas like Merced (70 miles away), Berkeley (180), San Francisco (200), and Los Angeles (300).

Since the advent of the automobile Yosemite has been a mirror of the state’s urban areas, rather than an escape from them. Passenger cars drove Yosemite’s urbanization in two interconnected ways. Firstly, increasing amounts of …

Determining The Pathological Effects Of Prenatal Alcohol Exposure On Peripheral Neuropathy Via Spinal And Peripheral Immune Mechanisms, Joshua J. Sanchez

Biomedical Sciences ETDs

Previous studies have suggested that children with Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder (FASD) display hypersensitivity to light touch. In support of this notion, we have demonstrated that applying a chronic constriction injury (CCI) to the sciatic nerve of rats that have prenatal alcohol exposure (PAE) results in heightened sensitivity to light touch, clinically termed allodynia. These observations coincided with heightened glial activation and enhanced peripheral immune reactivity. Considering allodynia is known to be mediated by both peripheral immune responses and spinal glial activation, it is reasonable to speculate that allodynia following PAE may be mediated through an alteration of immune reactivity. …

Biphasic Effects Of Vanadium Sulfate On Cerebrovascular Endothelial Cell Barrier Integrity, Yoselin Ordonez Suarez

Pharmaceutical Sciences ETDs

The objective of this study was to investigate the biphasic effects of vanadyl sulfate in cerebral vascular endothelial cells with a focus on understanding the mechanisms underlying vanadyl sulfate benefits. To first address the effects of vanadyl sulfate on endothelial permeability, mouse cerebrovascular endothelial cells were grown to confluence in 96-well electrode ECIS plates and treated with three different vanadium containing compounds: vanadyl sulfate, vanadium pentoxide, and ammonium metavanadate. Resistance of the endothelial cell monolayer was measured at 4kHz for 24 hours for different concentrations of vanadium containing compounds. The mouse cerebrovascular endothelial cells were also treated with different concentrations …

Serotonin Syndrome And/Or Opioid Withdrawal After The First Dose Of Naltrexone Hcl/Bupropion Hcl: An Observational Study, Stefanie J. Logothetis

Pharmaceutical Sciences ETDs

In 2014, the Food and Drug Administration approved naltrexone HCl/bupropion HCl, a combination of an antidepressant and an opioid antagonist for chronic weight management therapy. Concurrent use of antidepressants and opioids has the potential to cause drug interactions involving serotonin syndrome. Our primary objective is to identify cases of serotonin syndrome and/or opioid withdrawal after initiation of naltrexone HCl/bupropion HCl. Our secondary objective is to assess which specific opioids are more likely to cause a drug interaction with naltrexone HCl/bupropion HCl. We performed an observational study by reviewing cases in the RADARS^® database from January 2014 through December 2018. …

Fungi In A Hot, Dry, Changing World, Miriam I. Hutchinson

Biology ETDs

My doctoral work focused on understanding the reciprocal relationship between fungi and their environment, namely how fungi respond to environmental flux, as well as how fungi can modify and structure their habitats, especially in the context of climate change. As such, I aimed my research on fungi with distinct adaptations to their environmental niches: endophytic fungi that inhabit plant tissue and thermophilic fungi that are capable of growing at the upper temperature limit for eukaryotic life. My research consisted of three studies. First, I investigated the thermophilic species Myceliophthora heterothallica to demonstrate its use as a model organism for efficient …

Role Of Pkcbeta And Oxidant Signaling In Neonatal Pulmonary Hypertension, Joshua R. Sheak

Biomedical Sciences ETDs

Chronic hypoxia (CH)-induced vasoconstriction has been implicated in the pathogenesis of pulmonary hypertension (pHTN) in infants with chronic cardiorespiratory disorders. Although endothelial dysfunction, reduced nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability and oxidative stress contribute to a variety of cardiovascular disorders, their contribution to enhanced vasoconstrictor reactivity in neonatal pHTN is poorly understood. We therefore hypothesized that neonatal CH augments pulmonary vasoconstrictor reactivity by limiting NO-dependent pulmonary vasodilation and by promoting the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS).

Enzymatic sources of ROS in the vasculature include NADPH oxidase isoforms, xanthine oxidase, and uncoupled endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS). The mitochondria are also a …

Utilizing Quantitative Fluorescence Microscopy To Study Oncogenesis, Ellen Walford Hatch

Biomedical Sciences ETDs

Quantitative fluorescence microscopy is a highly technical, swiftly evolving field of methodologies that are uniquely able to probe the nano-scale biological environment. With these optimized, advanced technologies available, scientists and medical providers are equipped to illuminate a plethora of puzzles in science and medicine through the multiplexing and high spatiotemporal resolution offered. Here I first exploit these capabilities to study a rare cancer with multiplex immunohistofluorescence (IHF) to confirm cell type and undocumented protein expression that may have implications for our understanding of the biology of mast cells and the potential efficacy of treatment and symptom management in mast cell …

Reflected Dispositions, Taylor Hedum

MFA Thesis Exhibit Catalogs

My MFA Thesis Exhibition, Reflected Dispositions, features an installation of sculptural objects and light projections in an unconventionally dark gallery setting. Spotlights shine onto the reflective sculptures, and the light is cast onto the surrounding environment. Motors or water deform the sculptures to create dynamic motion in the projections, with the cyclical changes and tempo meant to evoke a state of reflection in the audience. The percepts magnify the nuances of the material; to reveal the previously unseen.

My interest to control light stems from experiments with materials and the unexpected reflections that they produce. Since then, I have learned …

Biogeographical Implications Of Climate Change For An Alpine Mammal, The American Pika, Marie Louise Westover

Biology ETDs

Anthropogenic climate change has already impacted a majority of species globally. The aim of this dissertation is to understand how climate and climate change influences animal ecology and evolution across space and time, using the American pika (Ochotona. princeps) as a model system. I investigate how pika body size, diet, and occupancy are influenced by different aspects of climate over space and time. Body size in O. princeps populations best correlates to precipitation and vegetation, rather than temperature. Our findings suggest that pika body size may be more related to vegetation and food availability than the direct effects …

The Turkish Spy: A Peripatetic Novel, Alain M. Antoine

Foreign Languages & Literatures ETDs

Beginning its published life in a short Italian version featuring 30 letters in 1684, Letters Writ by a Turkish Spygrew into 102 letters in a French version published in 1686, and between 1687 and 1694 turned into a monumental eight volumes English Edition featuring 632 letters. The hero of the novel, a Muslim Arab spying on Louis XIV’s France for the Ottoman sultan undergoes a transformation by his contact with the Christian world, and his reflections on man, society and God seized the imagination of the public. The novel’s popularity helped its rapid spread over European nations in the …

Material Matters: Paratextual Bodies In Nineteenth-Century Indigenous Book History, Amy Gore

English Language and Literature ETDs

Material Matters: Paratextual Bodies in Nineteenth-Century Indigenous Book History, focuses on Indigenous authors during the long nineteenth century, from 1772 to 1936, to examine the known “firsts” of Indigenous literature. Starting with the first book published by a Native author and moving to other first entries into Indigenous literary production, I argue that the reprints, editions, and paratextual elements of Indigenous books embody a frontline of colonization as Indigenous authors battle the public perception of Indigenous books and negotiate the representations of Indigenous bodies.

Effects Of Chemogenetic Inhibition Of Ventral Hippocampal Glutamatergic Neurons On Anxiety-Like Defensivity In Male Long-Evans Hooded Rats, Carlos R. Maestas-Olguin

Psychology ETDs

Previous research in rodents and humans has implicated the ventral hippocampus in regulating anxiety. However, many rodent studies examining ventral hippocampal neuronal pathways have utilized lesions that create nonspecific and/or nonreversible damage to the region. The present study sought to characterize the role of ventral hippocampal glutamatergic pyramidal neurons in modulating anxiety-like behavior during exposure to a variety of threatening stimuli. Five weeks prior to testing, male Long-Evans hooded rats received ventral hippocampal viral-vector infusions expressing either pAAV-CaMKIIα-hM4D-mCherry (DREADD) or pAAV-CaMKIIa-EGFP (GFP). DREADD transfection allowed for the specific, noninvasive and temporary inhibition of ventral hippocampal glutamatergic neurons immediately before threat …

Determining Mediators Of Naive T Cell Motility And Dc Association In The Lymph Node, Janie Rae Byrum

Biomedical Sciences ETDs

To become activated and perform effector functions, naive T cells move within lymph nodes to scan dendritic cells presenting antigen. Previous work has shown naive T cell activation is promoted by interleukin 7 in vivo, and it does so by regulating the T cell:dendritic cell interaction. Our work identifies a novel role for IL-7 in mediating naive T cell motility in the lymph node and promoting T cell association with DCs. Additionally, we have developed a method for analyzing microscopy images, regionalized normalized mutual information, to assess intercellular associations between T cells and other cells within the lymph node. Dendritic …

Subverting The Nature Of Thing: Gender Agency In Spiritual Systems And Contemporary Performances Of Zimbabwe's Shona People, Rujeko S. Dumbutshena

Theatre & Dance ETDs

Gender, ritual and performance in the Shona cultures of Zimbabwe, are inexorably linked. They demonstrate how the flexibility of the Shona spiritual systems offers agency to ritual leaders and practitioners. The story of Murumbi Karivara, a Shona rainmaker from the 19th Century, provides the inspirational imagery for the researcher’s Masters of Fine Arts thesis concert DE RERUM NATURA - the way things are (performed on September 2 and 3, 2018). The researcher positions herself among contemporary Shona artists living in Zimbabwe and abroad who negotiate the spaces they occupy during ceremonies, on concert stages, and in institutions; to find autonomy …

La Gota Que Colma La Caguama: Cummulative Tensions Transformed Into The Defense Of Water, Anthony J. Meluso

Geography ETDs

Making water management decisions is often where dreams and visions about potential futures are constructed and contested (Swengedouw 2015). However, in a globalized world, it is not well understood how people can challenge dominant paradigms to shape desirable futures when they are also complicit in, and dependent on existing structures (Arts & Buizer 2009; Emery, Perks, & Bracken 2013: Kleinschmit, Böcher, & Giessen 2009). This project examines a brewery conflict in the Mexicali Valley that provides an example of how protesters were able to challenge dominant assumptions about water management in a complex, globalized environment. I draw on Laclau’s (2005) …

Shawn Hunt's Transformation Mask: The Intersection Of Contemporary And Traditional Heiltsuk Art, Terese R. Lukey

Art & Art History ETDs

Shawn Hunt is an artist of Heiltsuk (Bella Bella), French, and Scottish Canadian ancestry who is at the forefront of contemporary Northwest Coast art in the Vancouver area. Historic artworks of his community have been often overlooked in scholarly literature due to the seeming willingness of the people to adapt to colonization. Viewed as a “tainted” culture, the Heiltsuk have been noticeably ignored in the art historical realm. However, their masks are some of the best examples of traditional regalia that are found in museums across Canada and the United States. Contemporary native artists of the Northwest Coast continue to …

Mechanisms Of Oriented Cell Division And Their Roles In Tissue Development, Evan Blake Dewey

Biology ETDs

Properly executed cell division is crucial to development, maintenance, and longevity of multicellular organisms. Defects in both symmetric and asymmetric divisions can lead to improper developmental patterning, as well as genomic instability, disruption of tissue homeostasis, and cancer. Our research focuses on how regulators orchestrate proper cell divisions. Mushroom Body Defect (Mud) is one such regulator, and here we describe how Mud is regulated via the Hippo signaling pathway kinase Warts (Wts), showing Wts phosphorylates Mud to enhance interaction with the polarity protein Partner of Inscuteable, promoting spindle orientation activity. We next focus on another regulator, Shortstop (Shot), describing a …

Assessing The Efficacy Of Home-Based Renal Care Using Propensity Scores, Eunice Choi

Mathematics & Statistics ETDs

This study investigated the efficacy of Home-Based Renal Care (HBRC) in diabetic Zuni Indians with Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) in New Mexico using propensity scores. Home based intervention as opposed to standard clinical care is a pragmatic treatment approach that incorporates the preference of population in hopes of addressing a cultural barrier to healthcare in this high risk population. This study uses a logistic regression model and a linear regression model to estimate the average effect of HBRC on increasing the likelihood of participants taking a more active role in the management of their chronic condition compared to the control …