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Above And Below The Water: Social/Ecological Transformation In Northwest Newfoundland, Lawrence C. Hamilton, Richard L. Haedrich, Cynthia M. Duncan

Sociology

Marine fisheries and fishing societies develop around the resources provided by a particular ecosystem. As they exploit these resources, fisheries transform the ecosystem, which pushes fishery and society to adapt in turn. This process is illustrated by fisheries, ecological and social data tracking dramatic changes on Newfoundland's Northern Peninsula and its adjacent marine ecosystem, the northern Gulf of St. Lawrence. There a longstanding fishery for cod and other groundfish collapsed in the 1990s, and was replaced by fisheries targeting invertebrates. The new invertebrate fisheries have different socioeconomic characteristics than the former groundfish fisheries. The shift in target species reflects deep …

Faculty Excellence, University Of New Hampshire

Faculty Excellence Awards

Each year, the University of New Hampshire selects a small number of its outstanding faculty for special recognition of their achievements in teaching, scholarship and service. Awards for Excellence in Teaching are given in each college and school, and university-wide awards recognize public service, research, teaching and engagement. This booklet details the year's award winners' accomplishments in short profiles with photographs and text.

Multiple Steady Solutions And Bifurcations In The Symmetric Driven Cavity, Kahar Bin Osman

Doctoral Dissertations

The symmetric driven cavity with sinusoidal forcing for two- and three-dimensions is considered. Results are obtained via numerical computations of the Navier Stokes equations with constant density. The numerical integration is a splitting method, using the Crank-Nicholson method for linear terms and the second-order Adams-Bashforth method for the non-linear terms. Spatial derivatives are evaluated with finite differences, and matrix equations are treated with SOR by lines. The results show symmetric solutions for low Reynolds numbers and asymmetric solutions for higher Reynolds numbers. Subcritical bifurcations are observed for two-dimensional flow. Unsteady flow behavior occurs at higher Reynolds number. Three-dimensional simulations for …

Factors Restricting Recruitment Of Ascophyllum Nodosum L (Le Jolis), Paula K B Philbrick

Doctoral Dissertations

Ascophyllum nodosum dominates a wide zone on the shore. Juveniles occur high in the zone where canopy is continuous and grazing animals few. Settlement could account for the restricted range if it were enhanced under canopy or on the upper shore. Settlement was monitored under canopy and in the open at four shore levels during spring 1983. Propagules settled everywhere. Settlement does not restrict plant establishment. Germlings caged and not caged were placed under canopy and in the open through the zone to evaluate the effects of animals and the physical environment (shore level x frond cover) on survival and …

Shifting Worlds: Leading Educational *Change In A Quantum Universe, Mary O Douglas Singer

Doctoral Dissertations

The twentieth century theories of quantum physics and chaos theory in mathematics have had an impact across disciplines, but in many ways educational leaders have been trapped in the old Newtonian paradigm. The conceptual portion of this study bridges the paradigms to suggest new ways to view school leadership for the twenty-first century, using New Science constructs, systems thinking, and leadership concepts of business writers Senge (1990) and Wheatley (1992). It argues that such business models are appropriate for school organizations, and builds a conceptual model of a quantum principal who may participate in creating change through transformation (Burns, 1978) …

Fire Dynamics In Amazonia, Manoel Cardoso

Doctoral Dissertations

Fires are major disturbances for ecosystems in Amazonia. Because of their short time scale and strong links to biogeochemical cycles, fires significantly affect fluxes and stocks of carbon and nutrients, change air composition, and modify ecosystems structure and functioning. Fires are strongly related to land-use, land-cover and climate conditions. Because the increasing development of the region, these factors have been changing and leading to different patterns of fire activity. Thus it is very important to understand the dynamics of fires in the region and to develop models that can project their potential changes. To contribute in all these subjects, we …

Arthur Raper: Modern Realist In The New Deal South, Louis Mazzari

Doctoral Dissertations

Arthur Raper was a progressive sociologist and controversial voice for racial and social equality in the South during the 1920s and 1930s. Son of a white, North Carolina farm family, Raper became allied with modernist voices at Chapel Hill and the University of Chicago. Raper's research was widely discussed through the region and greatly influenced Southern race relations in the years leading to the civil rights movement.

Raper was the first white southerner to look critically and scientifically at the causes of racial violence. The Tragedy of Lynching (1933) was reviewed in hundreds of Southern newspapers and discussed throughout the …

Inclusion In Physical Education For Students With Severe Disabilities, Michelle Anne Grenier

Doctoral Dissertations

This qualitative case study investigated the effectiveness of inclusive physical education for two third grade students with severe disabilities utilizing a social constructionist framework. In the first class, one student was identified as having significant language based challenges. The second class included a child with severe cerebral palsy.

Four levels of relations were identified: systemic relations, group relations, conjoint relations and internal others. Each focused on specific areas within the school and the classroom that contributed to the construction of disability. Data were collected from three primary sources: interviews, participant-observer, and document review. Boyzaitis's (1998) five-step process was utilized in …

A Loss Of Will: "Arminianism," Nonsectarianism, And The Erosion Of American Psychology's Moral Project, 1636--1890, Russell D. Kosits

Doctoral Dissertations

The concept of "the will" dominated American moral psychology for nearly three centuries. To possess a will was, among other things, to be made in the image of God and to have moral responsibility. College textbooks, as tools of moral inculcation, conveyed this moral psychology from the seventeenth to the early twentieth century. A significant shift occurred in college psychology textbooks during the 1930s: the topic of will was being removed as a chapter heading---never to return. By the end of the decade, American psychology had lost its will.

What explains this "loss of will" in American psychology? From a …

Interracial Dating Among College Students: Cultural Norms And Partner Violence, Carolyn Field

Doctoral Dissertations

This study examines three important issues for race relations in the United States today using a sample of college students: interracial dating patterns, attitudes towards interracial dating, and dating violence among same-race versus interracial couples. According to the U.S. Census Bureau, African American/White couples make up less than 1 percent of all married couples in the U.S. Rates of intermarriage for Hispanics and Asians in the U.S. are much higher. Using a sample of college students (N = 1174) from two Historically Black Universities and three Predominantly White Universities, results indicate that attitudes towards interracial relationships differ by race, but …

The Venetian Blind Effect: Contrast Disparity Modulation In Irradiation Stereoscopy, Eugene T. Filley

Doctoral Dissertations

In Experiment 1 we measured contrast disparity thresholds for the perception of slant in the venetian blind effect for a square-wave carrier spatial frequency of 3.14 c/deg and square-wave modulation spatial frequencies of 0.26, 0.39, 0.79, and 1.57 c/deg.

In Experiment 2 we increased the spatial frequencies. We measured contrast disparity thresholds for the perception of slant for a square-wave carrier spatial frequency of 5.24 c/deg and square-wave modulation spatial frequencies of 0.33, 0.65, 1.31, and 2.62 c/deg.

In Experiment 3 we returned to the spatial frequencies of Experiment 1 but used sine-wave modulation. We measured contrast disparity thresholds for …

Reaching Beyond Compliance: Obstacles To Integrating Sustainability Into Decision -Making Processes In An Institution Of Higher Education, Julie Newman

Doctoral Dissertations

There are emerging opportunities for institutions of higher education to respond to current environmental and public health crises. By setting institutional examples and modeling for others how to prioritize sustainability as a grounding framework for decision-making, institutions of higher education have an opportunity to facilitate society's transition to a more sustainable future. Sustainability principles stem from an international consensus that the pursuit of economic viability as an end in itself, conditioned by a neo-classical model of economics, does not maintain or enhance ecological health and human well-being. There are a number of universities worldwide who are making an effort to …

The Influence Of Urbanization On Runoff Generation And Stream Chemistry In Massachusetts Watersheds, Brian A. Pellerin

Doctoral Dissertations

The conversion of forested and agricultural land to suburban and urban landscapes is a dominant land use change dynamic in the United States and has implications for watershed hydrology and water quality. Here I evaluate the effect of integrated landscape features (e.g., percent residential or developed) and watershed-scale attributes influenced by urbanization on stream nutrient concentrations in headwater catchments in Massachusetts. In addition, I evaluate the importance of surface versus subsurface flow paths during rainfall events in stormflow generation in a small urban catchment. The percentage of residential land explains 52% of the variability in mean annual nitrate (NO3) concentrations …

Assessing Hemlock Woolly Adelgid Induced Decline And Susceptibility Using Hyperspectral Technologies, Jennifer Pontius

Doctoral Dissertations

The ultimate goal of this study was to provide the scientific framework for using narrow band hyperspectral instruments to assess early hemlock decline and susceptibility to the introduced hemlock woolly adelgid (HWA). To this end, spectral data from an ASD FieldSpec Pro was used to develop a 6-term linear regression equation, which predicted a detailed decline rating (0--10) with an R2 of 0.71 and RMSE of 0.591. To scale up this method to a remote sensing platform, NASA's Airborne Visible Infrared Imaging Spectrometer (AVIRIS) was used to create a hemlock abundance map, correctly identifying hemlock dominated pixels (>40% basal …

Asian American Perspectives On College Student Experience: An Interpretive Narrative, Linda Chen Einsiedler

Doctoral Dissertations

This is a socio-cultural study examining contemporary Asian American college student experiences at a private liberal arts residential college in the rural Northeast United States. This project utilizes a grounded theory approach designed to collect both qualitative and quantitative data. The findings include a narrative interpretation that considers emotional experiences and social behaviors as sub-consciously held internalized identity beliefs.

This project details psychological and social dimensions of shared Asian American experiences with insights into individual interpretive perspective frameworks shaped by community cultures. This study describes a distinctive Asian American identity that conjoins ethnicity with racial self-identity. Variables in ethnic identity, …

Study Of The Enhancement Effect Of Cyclopentadecanolide On Protein Permeation Through Lipid Membranes, Zhengmao Li

Doctoral Dissertations

Intranasal drug delivery has been a topic of increasing interest for a decade as a convenient and reliable method for the systemic administration of drugs. The low bioavailability of simple formulation of protein drugs, such as insulin, can be greatly improved by using permeation enhancers. We studied the effect of cyclopentadecanolide (CPE-215RTM) as a permeation enhancer in protein release through lipid bilayer membranes. We successfully designed a novel in-vitro membrane permeability model using liposomes and performed a series of transmembrane protein release experiments. These were carried out under a wide range of conditions in the presence of different permeation enhancer …

Corporal Punishment As A Determinant Of Developmental Outcomes: Longitudinal And Process Models, Matthew K. Mulvaney

Doctoral Dissertations

There were two goals of this research: (1) to establish that normative corporal punishment has an impact on children's mental health and the parent-child relationship and (2) to identify intrapersonal variables that determine the impact of this parenting behavior. The first study examined the influence of corporal punishment across infancy and early childhood with longitudinal analyses performed on data from the NICHD Study of Early Child Care and Youth Development. The results suggest that corporal punishment does have a direct, unique impact on children's mental health and on the mother-child relationship. For the second study, a college sample was studied …

A Study Of Basidiomycetes Isolated From Coarse Woody Debris And Contiguous Soil Horizons In A Mixed Deciduous-Conifer Forest In New Hampshire, United States Of America, Therese Ann Thompson

Doctoral Dissertations

The wood decay fungus Hypholoma sublateritium (Fr.) Quel., links the mineral (BC & E) and organic (Oe) soil layers to decomposing coarse woody debris (CWD) in a northern hardwood forest. This link supports the possibility that energy stored in woody debris can facilitate the vertical transfer of elements and compounds within the soil profile. This potential transfer implies new pathways for biogeochemical cycling within forests. H. sublateritium was isolated from basidiocarp fruiting bodies (October 1997 & 1998), Acer rubrum L. bole wood (June 1999), and three soil horizons (October 1999 and October 2000) from one of six research sites in …

Analysis Of Signal Output By The Ethylene Receptor Etr1 From Arabidopsis, Xiang Qu

Doctoral Dissertations

Ethylene is one of the most important plant hormones and regulates many processes during plant growth and development. In Arabidopsis, the ethylene receptor family consists of five members: ETR1 and ERS1 have a functional histidine kinase domain and form subfamily 1; members of subfamily 2, including ETR2, ERS2, and EIN4, possess a highly diverged histidine kinase domain predicted not to be functional. To analyze signal output by the ethylene receptor ETR1 from Arabidopsis, mutant-based approaches were taken. Initially, the role of the proposed signal output region of ETR1 in ethylene signaling was examined. For this purpose, the ability of mutant …

Syntheses Of Mono- And Diamide Cross -Bridged Cyclens And Syntheses Of Bifunctional Chelators Based Upon Cross -Bridged Tetraamine Macrocycles, Yijie Peng

Doctoral Dissertations

The syntheses of two diamide cross-bridged cyclens (22 and 23) and three monoamide cross-bridged cyclens (24, 25, and 26) are presented. Metal (Li(I), Zn(II), and Cu(II)) coordination studies of 26 are also presented. Evidence suggests that ligand 26 forms intermolecular complexes through the oxygen of an amide with Li(I), Zn(II), and Cu(II), and 26 could form complex with Li(I) through the nitrogen of an amide.*.

Appropriate cross-bridged tetraamine macrocycles are promising bifunctional chelators (BFC). Improved synthesis of one BFC (36) is presented, alternative synthesis of one BFC (39) is also presented, the synthesis of a precursor of one BFC (42), …

Impact Of Macular Pigment Optical Density On Photophobia Threshold, Adam James Wenzel

Doctoral Dissertations

Two carotenoids, lutein and zeaxanthin, accumulate in the central retina where they are collectively referred to as macular pigment (MP). By absorbing short-wavelength light, MP may attenuate photophobia (PP)---visual discomfort induced by normal light exposure---for targets composed of short-wavelength light. The aim of this study was twofold: first, to investigate a possible relationship between integrated macular pigment optical density (MPOD) and PP thresholds for short-wavelength targets relative to mid- to long-wavelength targets; and second, to measure changes in PP thresholds after increasing MP with lutein supplements.

MPOD was measured psychophysically at 20', 30', 60' and 120' eccentricity with a Macular …

Approach To The Identification Of Sex-Determining Genes In The Tilapia Genome By Genetic Mapping And Comparative Positional Cloning, Bo-Young Lee

Doctoral Dissertations

Tilapia (Oreochromis species) are one of the most dominant species in the aquaculture market. Genomic approaches may contribute to tilapia culture in the near future by identifying genes controlling traits valuable at the market. One of the most important traits for farming of tilapia is sex because monosex culture shows the best efficiency of culture. In tilapia, however, the mechanisms of sex-determination have been poorly understood because of the variation in the genetic basis of sex-determination and the lack of morphological differences between sex chromosomes.

To facilitate QTL analysis of these traits, a genetic linkage map was constructed from hybrids …

Development Of Muscle Structure And Function In Loliginid Squids, Gabriela Maria Martinez

Doctoral Dissertations

Squid embryos are able to contract their mantle early during the embryonic period.

This dissertation examines the onset of contractile capabilities and subsequent maturation of the main locornotor structures in embryos of two species of loligind squids with a focus on the mantle musculature. The functional implications of the differentiation and organization of the musculature is investigated.

The results of these series of studies indicate that the development and emergence of functional competence of the mantle musculature in loliginid squids is a dynamic process. Differentiation and organization of the musculature of the main locomotor structures does not occur simultaneously and …

Inter-Annual And Decadal Variation In The Pelagic Marine Ecosystem Of The Yellow And East China Seas, Seung-Hyun Son

Doctoral Dissertations

The water-leaving radiance measurements and chlorophyll concentrations of the Coastal Zone Color Scanner (CZCS) and the Sea-viewing Wide Field-of-view Sensor (SeaWiFS) were compared to investigate decadal trends in the Yellow and East China Seas (YECS). A unified bio-optical algorithm was derived to convert CZCS pigments to SeaWiFS chlorophyll concentrations. The conversion is applied to level-2 CZCS data.

We established monthly variations in the stratified and well-mixed areas using a coupled ocean wave-circulation model and the ocean color satellite data for estimating primary productivity in the Yellow Sea using satellite observations. The model results were compared with remotely sensed sea surface …

The Effects Of Temperature On The Physiology And Locomotory Behavior Of The American Lobster, Homarus Americanus, Suzanne M. Cooke

Doctoral Dissertations

Temperature has a pervasive influence on the physiology and behavior of all lobsters, and especially those found in habitats where temperature fluctuates the most. One population of lobsters undergoes a seasonal migration in the Great Bay estuary system in NH, entering the estuary in late spring and returning to the coast in the late summer and fall. This migration may be triggered by physiological or behavioral responses to seasonal temperature shifts.

The first set of experiments examined the effect of temperature on heart rate in order to further understand the influence of temperature on lobster metabolism. Heart rate was measured …

Writing American Subjects: Race, Composition, And The Daily Themes Assignment For English 12 At Harvard, 1886--1887, Amy A. Zenger

Doctoral Dissertations

This study works to develop a way of reading the functions of race in classroom contexts---specifically in the predominantly white contexts in which composition was formed as a university subject. The model of race chosen for this study is based on critical race theories that conceive of race as being socially constructed, but also a force that organizes identity and experience in powerful ways, even when (or perhaps especially when) its presence is apparently silent---or is, in the terminology of Charles Mills, "normalized."

Primary data for the study is drawn from materials related to the daily theme assignment designed by …

Playing The Man: Masculinity, Performance, And United States Foreign Policy, 1901--1920, Kim Brinck-Johnsen

Doctoral Dissertations

"Playing the Man": Masculinity Performance, and US Foreign Policy, 1901--1920 argues that early twentieth century conceptions of masculinity played a significant role in constructing US foreign policy and in creating a new sense of national identity. It focuses on five public figures (Jane Addams, W. E. B. Du Bois, John Reed, Theodore Roosevelt, and Woodrow Wilson). Although their conceptions of masculinity varied, each of these central historical figures based his or her US foreign policy position on the idea that in the conduct of US foreign relations, the United States needed to "play the man." Similarly, even when their policy …

An Investigation Of Genetic Variation Within Northwest Atlantic Porphyra (Bangiales, Rhodophyta) With Specific Phylogeographic Analysis Of The Common, Rocky Intertidal Species, Porphyra Umbilicalis, Brian William Teasdale

Doctoral Dissertations

To investigate the phylogeography of the rocky intertidal red alga, Porphyra umbilicalis Kutzing, a restriction fragment polymorphism assay (RFLP) of the ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase large subunit ( rbcL) was developed to accurately distinguish P. umbilicalis from the other morphologically similar species in the North Atlantic. Initial screening of ∼800 Porphyra specimens resulted in the additional discovery of a cryptic Porphyra taxon.

The presence and variability of group-I introns of the ribosomal small subunit (SSU) were screened in North Atlantic species of Porphyra in order to assess whether they could be biogeographically informative. In an initial screening for the helix 50 …

Genetic Diversity And Structure Of Calanoid Copepods: Molecular Evolutionary Patterns In Coastal Estuaries (Acartia Tonsa) And The Open Ocean (Calanus Spp), Robert Sean Hill

Doctoral Dissertations

Calanoid copepods are an important part of marine and estuarine ecosystems. However, it has been difficult to study their life histories, population structure, and evolution because they share a conserved morphology that complicates species identification. A primary focus of this study was the genetic and physiological variation of the calanoid copepod Acartia tonsa from four estuaries along the East Coast of the USA (Great Bay, NH, Buzzards Bay, MA, Narragansett Bay, RI, and Beaufort Inlet, NC). Based on DNA sequence variation for the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase I (mtCOI) gene, significant population structure was observed between all pairs of estuarine populations …

The Role -Taking Experience Of Undergraduate Peer Tutors: A Cognitive -Developmental Approach, Margaret Coulthard Pobywajlo

Doctoral Dissertations

The two purposes of this study were (1) to investigate the effects on undergraduate peer tutors of taking on the role as tutors (2) to explore what happens in tutors' experience to impact growth. Three research questions investigated changes in tutors' cognitive-structural development, the complexity of their thinking about tutoring, and tutoring practice. The fourth question investigated the mechanisms of change. This study addresses the lack of research about undergraduate college tutors and the ways in which they change as a result of taking on the tutoring role.

The participants were nine undergraduate peer tutors at an urban commuter college …