Digital Commons Network^™

Drift By Drift: Effective Population Size Is Limited By Advection, John P. Wares, James M. Pringle

Earth Sciences

Background: Genetic estimates of effective population size often generate surprising results, including dramatically low ratios of effective population size to census size. This is particularly true for many marine species, and this effect has been associated with hypotheses of "sweepstakes" reproduction and selective hitchhiking. Results: Here we show that in advective environments such as oceans and rivers, the mean asymmetric transport of passively dispersed reproductive propagules will act to limit the effective population size in species with a drifting developmental stage. As advection increases, effective population size becomes decoupled from census size as the persistence of novel genetic lineages is …

Remote Sensing Observatory Validation Of Surface Soil Moisture Using Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer E, Common Land Model, And Ground Based Data: Case Study In Smex03 Little River Region, Georgia, U.S., Minha Choi, Jennifer M. Jacobs, David D. Bosch

Faculty Publications

Optimal soil moisture estimation may be characterized by intercomparisons among remotely sensed measurements, ground‐based measurements, and land surface models. In this study, we compared soil moisture from Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer E (AMSR‐E), ground‐based measurements, and a Soil‐Vegetation‐Atmosphere Transfer (SVAT) model for the Soil Moisture Experiments in 2003 (SMEX03) Little River region, Georgia. The Common Land Model (CLM) reasonably replicated soil moisture patterns in dry down and wetting after rainfall though it had modest wet biases (0.001–0.054 m3/m3) as compared to AMSR‐E and ground data. While the AMSR‐E average soil moisture agreed well with the other data sources, it had …

Infidelity Has Different Economic Costs For Men And Women, New Research Finds, Lori Wright

Media Relations

No abstract provided.

Hampton Falls' Prime Wetlands Designation, West Environmental Inc.

PREP Reports & Publications

West Environmental Inc staff (WEI) worked with Hampton Falls Conservation Commission to prepare a zoning amendment to designate 10 Prime Wetlands in the town, totally 1,270.8 acres. The amendment was approved by the citizens of Hampton Falls at the March 2008 town vote and WEI compiled and submitted the Prime Wetlands Designation application to the New Hampshire Department of Environmental Services on August 4, 2008.

Ten Years Of Community Profiles In New Hampshire, Charlie A. French, Fabienne Lord-Fonesca

Natural Resources & the Environment

Through a program called Community Profiles, the University of New Hampshire Cooperative Extension has helped 57 New Hampshire communities develop a vision for their future and mobilize local residents to act on that vision. The Community Profile process is based on the premise that communities must engage members in identifying and documenting common and deeply held values from which to craft a vision for the future if they are to build and sustain community vitality. The process also helps communities find new and creative ways to pursue that vision by leveraging resources within and outside of the community. These resources …

Rhythms Of Locomotion Expressed By Limulus Polyphemus, The American Horseshoe Crab: I. Synchronization By Artificial Tides, Winsor H. Watson Iii, Christopher C. Chabot, Stephen J. Skinner

Jackson Estuarine Laboratory

Limulus polyphemus, the American horseshoe crab, has an endogenous clock that drives circatidal rhythms of locomotor activity. In this study, we examined the ability of artificial tides to entrain the locomotor rhythms of Limulus in the laboratory. In experiments one and two, the activity of 16 individuals of L. polyphemus was monitored with activity boxes and “running wheels.” When the crabs were exposed to artificial tides created by changes in water depth, circatidal rhythms were observed in animals exposed to 12.4-h “tidal” cycles of either water depth changes (8 of 8 animals) or inundation (7 of 8 animals). In experiment …

Rhythms Of Locomotion Expressed By Limulus Polyphemus, The American Horseshoe Crab: Ii. Relationship To Circadian Rhythms Of Visual Sensitivity, Winsor H. Watson Iii, Lisa Bedford, Christopher C. Chabot

Jackson Estuarine Laboratory

In the laboratory, horseshoe crabs express a circadian rhythm of visual sensitivity as well as daily and circatidal rhythms of locomotion. The major goal of this investigation was to determine whether the circadian clock underlying changes in visual sensitivity also modulates locomotion. To address this question, we developed a method for simultaneously recording changes in visual sensitivity and locomotion. Although every animal (24) expressed consistent circadian rhythms of visual sensitivity, rhythms of locomotion were more variable: 44% expressed a tidal rhythm, 28% were most active at night, and the rest lacked statistically significant rhythms. When exposed to artificial tides, 8 …

Community Land Conservation In The Coastal Watershed, Brian Hart

PREP Reports & Publications

The New Hampshire Estuaries Project (NHEP) provided a $10,000 grant to the Southeast Land Trust of New Hampshire (SELTNH) to support the hiring of a Community Land Protection Specialist to expand the region’s capacity to implement and complete conservation efforts within the coastal watershed, and specifically within the Lamprey River and Exeter River corridors. Over a period of eighteen months (January 2007 through June 30, 2008), the Community Land Protection Specialist (Specialist) worked with the Town of Brentwood, the Lamprey River Advisory Committee, and other community partners to conserve critical lands along the Exeter River, Lamprey River, and other areas …

'Budding' Scientists From Inner-City Schools To Study Plant Biotech At Unh July 20 - 28, 2008, Beth Potier

Media Relations

No abstract provided.

Unh Monitoring Activities That Support The National Coastal Assessment In 2007, Philip Trowbridge

PREP Reports & Publications

The National Coastal Assessment is an Environmental Protection Agency program to monitor the health of the nation’s estuaries using nationally standardized methods and a probabilistic sampling design. Dedicated EPA funding for the National Coastal Assessment ceased after 2006. Therefore, the NH Department of Environmental Services and the New Hampshire Estuaries Project contributed funds to continue a portion of the National Coastal Assessment in 2007. Water quality measurements were successfully made during 2007 at 25 randomly located stations throughout the Great Bay Estuary and Hampton-Seabrook Harbor. These data will be combined with samples collected in 2006 for probabilistic assessments of estuarine …

Plantsman, June/July 2008, New Hampshire Plant Growers' Association

Plantsman

A newsletter of the New Hampshire Plant Growers' Association

Evaluation Of Nhep Outreach: A Survey Of Planning Boards And Conservation Commissions, Dave Kellam

PREP Reports & Publications

This report presents the findings of a survey conducted by the University of New Hampshire Survey Center of planning board and conservation commissions in the 42 coastal watershed communities of New Hampshire from November 2007 to February 2008. Background information about a similar survey conducted in 2005 and a summary of New Hampshire Estuaries Project (NHEP) outreach activity from August 2005 to February 2008 is also provided to assist in the interpretation of the survey. Conclusions by NHEP staff are offered at the end of the report.

Incidence And Timing Of Low Dissolved Oxygen Events In The Squamscott River: 2005-07, Stephen H. Jones

PREP Reports & Publications

The Squamscott River has had extended episodes of low dissolved oxygen (DO) that have been recorded at a site near its mouth during the past few years. These episodes were recorded as a result of temporally intensive monitoring by a datasonde deployed through most of each year. Whereas low DO events can occur during April-November, events during the colder months are typically less frequent and are often caused by unusual natural or severe weather conditions. Low DO events occur most frequently during July-September when elevated levels of nutrients are most likely to contribute to their cause, and are thus of …

Thanks For The Maps And Reports. What Do We Do With Them?, Joyce El Kouarti

PREP Reports & Publications

The goal of this project was to assist local communities in establishing specific local priorities for land protection. MMRG staff conducted a total 32 meetings with conservation commissions, organized three regional workshops, created three sets of maps, conducted three field events, gave three presentations at lake association meetings, created six display booths and issued 12 press releases.

The Western Arctic Linkage Experiment (Wale): Overview And Synthesis, A. D. Mcguire, J. E. Walsh, J. S. Kimball, J. S. Clein, S. E. Euskirchen, S. Drobot, U. C. Herzfeld, J. Maslanik, Richard B. Lammers, M. A. Rawlins, J. Maslanik

Faculty Publications

The primary goal of the Western Arctic Linkage Experiment (WALE) was to better understand uncertainties of simulated hydrologic and ecosystem dynamics of the western Arctic in the context of 1) uncertainties in the data available to drive the models and 2) different approaches to simulating regional hydrology and ecosystem dynamics. Analyses of datasets on climate available for driving hydrologic and ecosystem models within the western Arctic during the late twentieth century indicate that there are substantial differences among the mean states of datasets for temperature, precipitation, vapor pressure, and radiation variables. Among the studies that examined temporal trends among the …

On The Nature Of Fur Evolution: A Phylogenetic Approach In Actinobacteria, Catarina L. Santos, João Viera, Fernando Tavares, David R. Benson, Louis S. Tisa, Alison M. Berry, Pedro Moradas-Ferreira, Philippe Normand

Molecular, Cellular & Biomedical Sciences

Background: An understanding of the evolution of global transcription regulators is essential for comprehending the complex networks of cellular metabolism that have developed among related organisms. The fur gene encodes one of those regulators - the ferric uptake regulator Fur - widely distributed among bacteria and known to regulate different genes committed to varied metabolic pathways. On the other hand, members of the Actinobacteria comprise an ecologically diverse group of bacteria able to inhabit various natural environments, and for which relatively little is currently understood concerning transcriptional regulation. Results: BLAST analyses revealed the presence of more than one fur homologue …

Global N Removal By Freshwater Aquatic Systems Using A Spatially Distributed, Within‐Basin Approach, Wilfred M. Wollheim, Charles J. Vorosmarty, A. F. Bouwman, Pamela Green, John Harrison, Ernst Linder, Bruce J. Peterson, Sybil P. Seitzinger, James P. M. Syvitski

Faculty Publications

We explored the role of aquatic systems in the global N cycle using a spatially distributed, within‐basin, aquatic nitrogen (N) removal model, implemented within the Framework for Aquatic Modeling in the Earth System (FrAMES‐N). The model predicts mean annual total N (TN) removal by small rivers (with drainage areas from 2.6–1000 km2), large rivers, lakes, and reservoirs, using a 30′ latitude × longitude river network to route and process material from continental source areas to the coastal zone. Mean annual aquatic TN removal (for the mid‐1990s time period) is determined by the distributions of aquatic TN inputs, mean annual hydrological …

Unh Hubbard Center: New Research On Mutation In Yeast Can Enhance Understanding Of Human Diseases, Beth Potier

Media Relations

No abstract provided.

Wetland Buffer Characterization And Public Outreach In North Hampton, Dave Kellam

PREP Reports & Publications

This report includes a characterization of wetland buffers and buffer protection in North Hampton and a community outreach newsletter that focuses on the protection of the North Hampton wetland buffers. Consultants from Vanasse Hangen Brustlin, Inc conducted field examinations of key North Hampton wetland buffer areas and issued a technical memorandium that characterize wetland buffer areas in the town and discusses of the value of these areas in terms of public interest and property values. Much of the information presented in the technical memo was communicated in an eight-page newsletter produced at Fosters Daily Democrate. Fosters produced 3,000 copies and …

Is Talking Online To Unknown People Always Risky? Distinguishing Online Interaction Styles In A National Sample Of Youth Internet Users., Janis Wolak, David Finkelhor, Kimberly J. Mitchell

Sociology

Abstract

We examined the risk of unwanted online sexual solicitations and characteristics associated with four online interaction styles among youth Internet users. The interaction styles took into account the people with whom youth interacted online (people known in person only, unknown people met through face-to-face friends, unknown people met in chatroom, and other places online) and high- and low-risk patterns of online behavior. The aim was to provide a basis for identifying which youth may be most at risk from interacting online with unknown people.

Unh Law Alumni Magazine, Summer 2008, University Of New Hampshire School Of Law

UNH Law Alumni Magazine

No abstract provided.

Physical, Biological, And Biogeochemical Response Of A Northeastern River To A Severe Flood, New Hampshire Water Resources Research Center (Nh Wrrc)

NH Water Resources Research Center Scholarship

No abstract provided.

Nhep Monitoring Plan - Version 5, July 2008, Philip Trowbridge

PREP Reports & Publications

The NHEP Management Plan presents a series of goals, objectives, and specific actions designed to improve, protect, and enhance the environmental quality of the state‟s estuaries, and outlines a process for implementing the Plan‟s most critical actions (NHEP, 2000; NHEP, 2005b). Measuring the effectiveness of these actions in achieving NHEP goals is an essential part of implementation that will be achieved through a suite of environmental and administrative indicators. This Monitoring Plan describes the methods and data for the indicators that will be used to answer the following question accurately and unambiguously: Are the goals and objectives of the Management …

Water Quality Change: Effects Of Development On Nutrient Loading In Selected Watersheds, Jeffrey Schloss

NH Water Resources Research Center Scholarship

No abstract provided.

Water Quality And The Landscape: Long-Term Monitoring Of Rapidly Developing Suburban Watersheds, New Hampshire Water Resources Research Center (Nh Wrrc)

NH Water Resources Research Center Scholarship

No abstract provided.

Determining The Effectiveness Of The Clean Air Act And Amendments On The Recovery Of Surface Waters In The Northeastern Us, Steve Kahl, Katherine Webster, William H. Mcdowell, Sarah J. Nelson

NH Water Resources Research Center Scholarship

No abstract provided.

Necromass Production: Studies In Undisturbed And Logged Amazon Forests, Michael W. Palace, Michael M. Keller, Hudson Silva

Faculty Publications

Necromass stocks account for up to 20% of carbon stored in tropical forests and have been estimated to be 14–19% of the annual aboveground carbon flux. Both stocks and fluxes of necromass are infrequently measured. In this study, we directly measured the production of fallen coarse necromass (≥2 cm diameter) during 4.5 years using repeated surveys in undisturbed forest areas and in forests subjected to reduced‐impact logging at the Tapajos National Forest, Belterra, Brazil (3.08° S, 54.94° W). We also measured fallen coarse necromass and standing dead stocks at two times during our study. The mean (SE) annual flux into …

Controls On Atmospheric Chloroiodomethane (Ch2cli) In Marine Environments, Ruth K. Varner, Yong Zhou, Rachel S. Russo, Oliver W. Wingenter, Elliot Atlas, Craig Stroud, Huiting Mao, Robert W. Talbot, Barkley C. Sive

Faculty Publications

Mixing ratios of chloroiodomethane (CH2ClI) in ambient air were quantified in the coastal North Atlantic region (Thompson Farm, Durham, New Hampshire, and Appledore Island, Maine) and two remote Pacific areas (Christmas Island, Kiribati, and Oahu, Hawaii). Average mixing ratios were 0.15 ± 0.18 and 0.68 ± 0.66 parts per trillion by volume (pptv) at Thompson Farm and Appledore Island, respectively, compared to 0.10 ± 0.05 pptv at Christmas Island and 0.04 ± 0.02 pptv in Hawaii. Photolysis constrained the daytime mixing ratios of CH2ClI at all locations with the minimum occurring at 1600 local time. Daily average fluxes to the …

From Deep Space To Dirty Bombs; Unh Scientists Retask Telescope, David Sims

Media Relations

No abstract provided.

Unh Glycomics Center Helps Identify Sugar Linkage That Could Lead To Better Treatment For Autoimmune Diseases, Beth Potier

Media Relations

No abstract provided.