Digital Commons Network^™

Academy Recommendations On The Proposed Yucca Mountain Waste Repository: Overview And Criticisms, Kristin S. Shrader-Frechette

RISK: Health, Safety & Environment (1990-2002)

Offers alternative criticism of the NAS report.

Evaluation Of Siting Strategies: The Case Of Two Uk Waste Tire Incinerators, Ragnar E. Lofstedt

RISK: Health, Safety & Environment (1990-2002)

Examines the circumstances that may have contributed to differing outcomes with respect to siting similar facilities in the UK.

Book Review Of Amer Ei-Ahraf & William V. Willis, Management Of Animal Waste - Environmental Health Problems And Technological Solutions, Penny Dean

RISK: Health, Safety & Environment (1990-2002)

Review of Amer El-Ahraf & William V. Willis, Management of Animal Waste - Environmental Health Problems and Technological Solutions (Praeger Publishers 1996). About the authors, bibliography, index, introduction, tables. LC 95-654; ISBN 0-275-93529-9 [185 pp. Cloth $65.00. 88 Post Road West, Westport CT 06881.]

Annual Report Of The Town Officers Of The Town Of Columbia, New Hampshire, For The Year Ending December 31, 1996, Including Report Of The Officers Of Columbia School District., Columbia Town Representatives

Columbia, NH Annual Reports

This is an annual report containing vital statistics for a town/city in the state of New Hampshire.

The Granite, 1997, University Of New Hampshire

The Granite – Yearbook

The yearbook of the New Hampshire College of Agriculture and the Mechanic Arts, 1909-1922, the University of New Hampshire, 1923-

Gamma-Ray Observations Of Gro J1655-40, R Kroeger, Mark Strickman, J E. Grove, Philip Kaaret, E. Ford, B A. Harmon, Mark L. Mcconnell

Physics & Astronomy

The bright transient X-ray source GRO J1655-40 = XN Sco 1994 was observed by the OSSE instrument on the Compton Gamma Ray Observatory (GRO). Preliminary results are reported here. The initial outburst from GRO J1655-40 was detected by BATSE on 27 Jul 1994. OSSE observations were made in five separate viewing periods starting between 4 Aug 1994 and 4 Apr 1995. The first, third, and fifth observations are near the peak luminosity. In the second observation, the source flux had dropped by several orders of magnitude and we can only set an upper limit. The fourth observation is a weak …

Performance Of Cdznte Strip Detectors As Sub-Millimeter Resolution Imaging Gamma Radiation Spectrometers, M Mayer, V Boykin, M L. Cherry, J F. Courville, F P. Doty, A Drake, T G. Guzik, L A. Hamel, K Larson, John R. Macri, Mark L. Mcconnell, James M. Ryan, O Tousignant

Space Science Center

We report & gamma;-ray detection performance measurements and computer simulations of a sub-millimeter pitch CdZnTe strip detector. The detector is a prototype for & gamma;-ray astronomy measurements in the range of 20-200 keV. The prototype is a 1.5 mm thick, 64×64 orthogonal stripeCdZnTe detector of 0.375 mm pitch in both dimensions, with approximately one square inch of sensitive area. Using discrete laboratory electronics to process signals from an 8×8 stripe region of the prototype we measured good spectroscopic uniformity and sub-pitch (~0.2 mm) spatial resolution in both x and y dimensions. We present below measurements of the spatial uniformity, relative …

Extracting Ecological And Biophysical Information From Avhrr Optical Data: An Integrated Algorithm Based On Inverse Modeling, Rob Braswell, David S. Schimel, Jeffrey L. Privette, B Moore, W J. Emery, E W. Sulzman, A T. Hudak

Earth Sciences

Satellite remote sensing provides the only means of directly observing the entire surface of the Earth at regular spatial and temporal intervals. Key Earth system variables can be obtained from satellite data by integrating appropriate processing, interpretation, and modeling. For example, the amount of photosynthetically active radiation absorbed by plants (APAR) and land surface albedo can be inferred from remotely sensed optical measurements. Radiative transfer model inversion exploits the dependence of reflectance on the relative source-sensor geometry to estimate surface parameters. In contrast, geometrical effects are suppressed in most other approaches. We present an algorithm for the retrieval of fractional …

Balloon-Borne Coded Aperture Telescope For Arc-Minute Angular Resolution At Hard X-Ray Energies, Mark L. Mcconnell, V Boykin, R M. Kippen, K Larson, John R. Macri, M Mayer, James M. Ryan, P P. Altice, M L. Cherry, S B. Ellison, B Price, T G. Guzik, R Lockwood, M B. Barakat, K Johnston, N Zotov, M Elaasar

Space Science Center

We are working on the development of a new balloon-borne telescope, MARGIE (minute-of-arc resolution gamma ray imaging experiment). It will be a coded aperture telescope designed to image hard x-rays (in various configurations) over the 20 - 600 keV range with an angular resolution approaching one arc minute. MARGIE will use one (or both) of two different detection plane technologies, each of which is capable of providing event locations with sub-mm accuracies. One such technology involves the use of cadmium zinc telluride (CZT) strip detectors. We have successfully completed a series of laboratory measurements using a prototype CZT detector with …

Charge-Coupled Devices With Fast Timing For Astrophysics And Space Physics Research, M L. Cherry, P P. Altice, S B. Ellison, T G. Guzik, John R. Macri, Mark L. Mcconnell, G Y. Mclean, James M. Ryan, Paul P. Suni

Space Science Center

A charge coupled device is under development with fast timing capability (15 millisecond full frame readout, 30 microsecond resolution for measuring the time of individual pixel hits). The fast timing CCD will be used in conjunction with a CsI microfiber array or segmented scintillator matrix detector to detect x rays and gamma rays with submillimeter position resolution. The initial application will be in conjunction with a coded aperture hard x ray/gamma ray astronomy instrument. We describe the concept and the readout architecture of the device.

The New Hampshire, Vol. 87, No. 8 (Oct. 4, 1996), The New Hampshire

The New Hampshire Print Edition

An independent student produced newspaper from the University of New Hampshire.

Seasonal And Inter-Annual Patterns Of Sediment-Water Nutrient And Oxygen Fluxes In Mobile Bay, Alabama (Usa): Regulating Factors And Ecological Significance., Jean L. Cowan, Jonathan Pennock, Walter R. Boynton

School of Marine Science and Ocean Engineering

Sediment oxygen and nutrient fluxes were measured monthly for 2 yr in Mobile Bay, Alabama, USA. Rates of sediment oxygen consumption (0.1 to 1.25 gO₂ m^-2 d^-1), ammonium flux (-22 to 181 µmol m^-2 h^-1), nitrate flux (-14 to 67 µmol m^-2 h^-1), phosphate flux (-2 to 20.4 µmol m^-2 h^-1), and dissolved silicate flux (-15 to 342 µmol m^-2 h^-1) were moderate to high compared to values for other estuaries. A step-wise regression analysis revealed that dissolved oxygen concentration and temperature in bottom-waters …

Analyzing The Discharge Regime Of A Large Tropical River Through Remote Sensing, Ground-Based Climatic Data, And Modeling, Charles J. Vorosmarty, Cort J. Willmott, Bhaskar J. Choudhury, Annette L. Schloss, Timothy K. Stearns, Scott M. Robeson, Timothy J. Dorman

All Materials

This study demonstrates the potential for applying passive microwave satellite sensor data to infer the discharge dynamics of large river systems using the main stem Amazon as a test case. The methodology combines (1) interpolated ground-based meteorological station data, (2) horizontally and vertically polarized temperature differences (HVPTD) from the 37-GHz scanning multichannel microwave radiometer (SMMR) aboard the Nimbus 7 satellite, and (3) a calibrated water balance/water transport model (WBM/WTM). Monthly HVPTD values at 0.25° (latitude by longitude) resolution were resampled spatially and temporally to produce an enhanced HVPTD time series at 0.5° resolution for the period May 1979 through February …

The New Hampshire, Vol. 87, No. 7 (Oct. 1, 1996), The New Hampshire

The New Hampshire Print Edition

An independent student produced newspaper from the University of New Hampshire.

Does Risk Aversion Make A Case For Conservatism, Ralph M. Perhac Jr.

RISK: Health, Safety & Environment (1990-2002)

Dr. Perhac argues that risk aversion, alone, and assuming it is justifiable, does not support the prefer ability of overstating, as opposed to understating, mean risk.

Comparing Risks Thoughtfully, Adam M. Finkel

RISK: Health, Safety & Environment (1990-2002)

Dr. Finkel argues that comparing risks is neither impossible nor immoral - but is nonetheless very difficult. He then discusses two major pitfalls of making such comparisons, one commonly cited and one routinely ignored, before sketching a framework for improving them.

Competing Conceptions Of Risk, Paul B. Thompson, Wesley Dean

RISK: Health, Safety & Environment (1990-2002)

Recent literature is said to reflect growing acknowledgment of multiple conceptions of risk but often to obscure an important distinction. Building on work of Kristin Shrader-Frechette, the authors explore the potential for debate over competing philosophical conceptions of risk.

Review Of: Robert M. Hardaway, Population, Law, And The Environment (Praeger 1994), Carey Ann Zadra

RISK: Health, Safety & Environment (1990-2002)

Review of the book: Robert M. Hardaway, Population, Law, and the Environment (Praeger 1994). About the author, acknowledgements, index, notes, preface, selected bibliography. LC-93-44501; ISBN 0-275-94570-7 [188 pp. $55.00 Cloth. 88 Post Road West, Westport CT 06881.]

Review Of: Ike Jeanes, Forecast And Solution - A Trilogy For Everyone Grappling With The Nuclear (Pocahontas Press 1996), Drew Schaefer

RISK: Health, Safety & Environment (1990-2002)

Review of the book: Ike Jeanes, Forecast and Solution - A Trilogy for Everyone Grappling with the Nuclear (Pocahontas Press 1996). Addenda, appendix, figures, front matter, notes, references, tables. ISBN 0-936015-62-4 [800 pp. Cloth $32.00; paper $25.00. P.O. Drawer F, Blacksburg VA 24063-1020.]

Review Of: Peter K. Lagoy, Risk Assessment: Principles And Applications For Hazardous Waste And Related Sites (Noyes Publications 1994), Adam K. Sacharoff

RISK: Health, Safety & Environment (1990-2002)

Review of the book: Peter K. LaGoy, Risk Assessment: Principles and Applications for Hazardous Waste and Related Sites (Noyes Publications 1994). Appendices, figures, index, notes, preface, references, tables. LC 94-2510; ISBN 0-8155-1349-6. [260 pp. Cloth $48.00. 120 Mill Road, Park Ridge NJ 07656.]

In-Situ Far-Field Calibration Of Multibeam Sonar Arrays For Precise Backscatter Imagery, Larry Fusillo, Christian De Moustier, John H. Satriano, Stanley Zietz

Center for Coastal and Ocean Mapping

Calibration of large hull-mounted sonar transducer arrays is usually done by measuring the performance of individual components in a test tank. Multiple transducer element beam patterns are superimposed and combined with window attenuation and other partial measurements to give an approximation of the total beam pattern. This process often ignores or fails to accurately model factors such as mounting hardware, array misalignment, reflections from the hull structure and other real world absorbers, reflectors and attenuators which can have significant effect on the actual beam pattern. This paper describes an application of a novel technique for in-situ measurement of the far-field …

Table Of Contents Volume Seven, Number Four, Fall 1996, Risk Editorial Board

RISK: Health, Safety & Environment (1990-2002)

Table of contents for the journal RISK: Health, Safety & Environment (ISSN: 1073-8673). Includes announcement for the First Biennial International Meeting of the Risk Assessment & Policy Association (RAPA) held in Alexandria, Virginia.

Review Of: Science Advice To The President (William T. Golden, Ed. Aaas Press 2d Ed. 1993)., Timothy Van Dyke

RISK: Health, Safety & Environment (1990-2002)

Review of: Science Advice to the President (William T. Golden, ed. AAAS Press 2d Ed. 1993). Acknowledgments, index of names, introductions, notes, tables. ISBN 0-87168-509-4 [340 pp. $29.95 paper. American Association for the Advancement of Science, 1333 H St. NW, Washington DC 20701.]

Dynamics Of Coupled Diffusive And Decompressive Bubble Growth In Magmatic Systems, Alexander A. Prusevich, Dork L. Sahagian

Faculty Publications

Bubble growth in an ascending parcel of magma is controlled both by diffusion of oversaturated volatiles and decompression as the magma rises. We have developed a numerical model which explores the processes involved in water exsolution from basaltic and rhyolitic melts rising at a constant rate from magma chamber depths of 4 and 1 km. While the model does not attempt to simulate natural eruptions, it sheds light on the processes which control eruptive behavior under various conditions. Ascent rates are defined such that a constant rate of decompression dP/dt is maintained. A variety of initial ascent rates are considered …

Chemical Species Spatial Distribution And Relationship To Elevation And Snow Accumulation Rate Over The Greenland Ice Sheet, Qinzhao Yang, Paul A. Mayewski, E. Linder, Sallie I. Whitlow, Mark S. Twickler

Faculty Publications

Major chemical species (Cl−, NO−3, SO2−4, Na+, K+, Mg2+, Ca2+) from 24 snowpits (sampled at a resolution of 3 cm, total 2995 samples) collected from northern, central, and southern Greenland were used for this investigation. The annual and seasonal (winter and summer) concentration of each chemical species was calculated and used to study the spatial distribution of chemical species over the central portion of the Greenland Ice Sheet. A two‐sided t‐distribution test (α = 0.05) suggests that concentrations of major chemical species in snow do not vary significantly over this portion of central Greenland. The relationship between chemical concentration and …

Swath Mapping On The Continental Shelf And Slope: The Eel River Basin, Northern California, John A. Goff, Larry A. Mayer, John E. Hughes Clarke, Lincoln F. Pratson

Affiliate Scholarship

First Paragraph

The STRATAFORM program sponsored by the Office of Naval Research (Nittrouer and Kravitz, 1996, this issue) seeks to understand how sedimentary processes lead to the formation of the stratigraphic sequences on continental margins. A central challenge facing this effort is to understand the transport of sediments in shore-parallel as well as shore-perpendicular directions• Multidimensionality is necessary to describe, for example, the accumulation of sediments from river inputs, the distribution of gullies and canyons on the slope, the meandering of channels, and the structure of slumps and slides.

Modeling Of The Processing And Removal Of Trace Gas And Aerosol Species By Arctic Radiation Fogs And Comparison With Measurements, M H. Bergin, S N. Pandis, C Davidson, J L. Jaffrezo, Jack E. Dibb, A G. Russell, H D. Kuhns

Earth Sciences

A Lagrangian radiation fog model is applied to a fog event at Summit, Greenland. The model simulates the formation and dissipation of fog. Included in the model are detailed gas and aqueous phase chemistry, and deposition of chemical species with fog droplets. Model predictions of the gas phase concentrations of H₂O₂, HCOOH, SO₂, and HNO₃ as well as the fog fluxes of S(VI), N(V), H₂O₂, and water are compared with measurements. The predicted fluxes of S(VI), N(V), H₂O₂, and fog water generally agree with measured …

Promoting And Managing Genome Innovation, Suzanne A. Sprunger, Gianna Julian-Arnold

RISK: Health, Safety & Environment (1990-2002)

An introduction to the symposium, Promoting and Managing Genome Innovation held October 1995. The conference was organized by Professor Thomas G. Field, Jr. and Gianna Julian-Arnold. The conference was funded in part by the Ethical, Legal and Social Issues component of the D.O.E. Human Genome Program; Nixon, Hargrave, Devans & Doyle L.L.P., Rochester, N.Y.; and Human Genome Sciences.

Table Of Contents Volume Seven, Number Three, Summer 1996, Risk Editorial Board

RISK: Health, Safety & Environment (1990-2002)

Table of contents for the journal RISK: Health, Safety & Environment (ISSN: 1073-8673)

The Regulation And Development Of Bioremediation, Susan J. Timian, D. Michael Connolly

RISK: Health, Safety & Environment (1990-2002)

The authors describe how federal statutes regulating hazardous wastes create both incentives and disincentives for exploiting the large potential of bioremediation. Ultimately, they argue for regulation attending more to comparative risks and costs.