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Statistical Uncertainty Of Eddy Flux–Based Estimates Of Gross Ecosystem Carbon Exchange At Howland Forest, Maine, Stephen Hagen, Rob Braswell, Ernst Linder, Steve Frolking, Andrew D. Richardson, David Y. Hollinger Apr 2006

Statistical Uncertainty Of Eddy Flux–Based Estimates Of Gross Ecosystem Carbon Exchange At Howland Forest, Maine, Stephen Hagen, Rob Braswell, Ernst Linder, Steve Frolking, Andrew D. Richardson, David Y. Hollinger

Earth Sciences

We present an uncertainty analysis of gross ecosystem carbon exchange (GEE) estimates derived from 7 years of continuous eddy covariance measurements of forest-atmosphere CO2fluxes at Howland Forest, Maine, USA. These data, which have high temporal resolution, can be used to validate process modeling analyses, remote sensing assessments, and field surveys. However, separation of tower-based net ecosystem exchange (NEE) into its components (respiration losses and photosynthetic uptake) requires at least one application of a model, which is usually a regression model fitted to nighttime data and extrapolated for all daytime intervals. In addition, the existence of a significant amount …


Evaluation Of Trends In Derived Snowfall And Rainfall Across Eurasia And Linkages With Discharge To The Arctic Ocean, Michael A. Rawlins, C J. Willmot, A Shiklomanov, Ernst Linder, Steve Frolking, Richard B. Lammers, Charles Vorosmarty Apr 2006

Evaluation Of Trends In Derived Snowfall And Rainfall Across Eurasia And Linkages With Discharge To The Arctic Ocean, Michael A. Rawlins, C J. Willmot, A Shiklomanov, Ernst Linder, Steve Frolking, Richard B. Lammers, Charles Vorosmarty

Earth Sciences

To more fully understand the role of precipitation in observed increases in freshwater discharge to the Arctic Ocean, data from a new archive of bias-adjusted precipitation records for the former USSR (TD9813), along with the CRU and Willmott-Matsuura data sets, were examined for the period 1936–1999. Across the six largest Eurasian river basins, snowfall derived from TD9813 exhibits a strongly significant increase until the late 1950s and a moderately significant decrease thereafter. A strongly significant decline in derived rainfall is also noted. Spatially, snowfall increases are found primarily across north-central Eurasia, an area where the rainfall decreases are most prominent. …


The Wrongful-Life Concept: The Role Of The Courts In Individual Morality, Devon Mercer Apr 2006

The Wrongful-Life Concept: The Role Of The Courts In Individual Morality, Devon Mercer

Inquiry Journal 2006

No abstract provided.


Significant Tectonic And Climatic Events For The Yakutat Block Collision, Gulf Of Alaska: Pleistocene Glacial Intensification In The St. Elias Mountains And The Relationship Between The Fairweather And Transition Faults, Sean P.S. Gulick, Bryce A. Willems, Jeffrey T. Freymueller, Ross D. Powell, John M. Jaeger, Jay Kalbas, John M. Jaeger, Terry L. Pavlis, Lindsay A, Lowe, Larry A. Mayer, James V. Gardner Apr 2006

Significant Tectonic And Climatic Events For The Yakutat Block Collision, Gulf Of Alaska: Pleistocene Glacial Intensification In The St. Elias Mountains And The Relationship Between The Fairweather And Transition Faults, Sean P.S. Gulick, Bryce A. Willems, Jeffrey T. Freymueller, Ross D. Powell, John M. Jaeger, Jay Kalbas, John M. Jaeger, Terry L. Pavlis, Lindsay A, Lowe, Larry A. Mayer, James V. Gardner

Center for Coastal and Ocean Mapping

No abstract provided.


Relationship Between River Size And Nutrient Removal, Wilfred M. Wollheim, Charles J. Vorosmarty, Bruce J. Peterson, Sybil P. Seitzinger, Charles S. Hopkinson Mar 2006

Relationship Between River Size And Nutrient Removal, Wilfred M. Wollheim, Charles J. Vorosmarty, Bruce J. Peterson, Sybil P. Seitzinger, Charles S. Hopkinson

Faculty Publications

We present a conceptual approach for evaluating the biological and hydrological controls of nutrient removal in different sized rivers within an entire river network. We emphasize a per unit area biological parameter, the nutrient uptake velocity (νf), which is mathematically independent of river size in benthic dominated systems. Standardization of biological parameters from previous river network models to νf reveals the nature of river size dependant biological activity in these models. We explore how geomorphic, hydraulic, and biological factors control the distribution of nutrient removal in an idealized river network, finding that larger rivers within a basin potentially exert considerable …


Expedition 302 Summary, Jan Backman, Kathryn Moran, Larry A. Mayer Mar 2006

Expedition 302 Summary, Jan Backman, Kathryn Moran, Larry A. Mayer

Center for Coastal and Ocean Mapping

The first scientific drilling expedition to the central Arctic Ocean was completed in September 2004. Integrated Ocean Drilling Program Expedition 302, Arctic Coring Expedition (ACEX), recovered sediment cores to 428 meters below seafloor (mbsf) in water depths of ~1300 m, 250 km from the North Pole. Expedition 302’s destination was the Lomonosov Ridge, hypothesized to be a sliver of continental crust that broke away from the Eurasian plate at ~56 Ma. As the ridge moved northward and subsided, marine sedimentation occurred and continues to the present, resulting in what was anticipated from seismic data to be a continuous paleoceanographic record. …


2005-06 Faculty Senate - February 6, 2006 Minutes Summary, Faculty Senate Feb 2006

2005-06 Faculty Senate - February 6, 2006 Minutes Summary, Faculty Senate

Faculty Senate Agendas & Minutes

No abstract provided.


2005 Performance And Progress Report: Unh/Noaa Joint Hydrographic Center, Larry A. Mayer, Noaa-Unh Joint Hydrographic Center (Jhc/Ccom) Jan 2006

2005 Performance And Progress Report: Unh/Noaa Joint Hydrographic Center, Larry A. Mayer, Noaa-Unh Joint Hydrographic Center (Jhc/Ccom)

Progress Reports

Report Period: 01/01/2005 – 12/31/2005


Lifetimes Of C-60(2-) And C-70(2-) Dianions In A Storage Ring, S. Tomita, J. U. Andersen, H. Cederquist, B. Concina, Olof E. Echt, J. S. Forster, K. Hansen, B. A. Huber, P. Hvelplund, J. Jensen, B. Liu, B. Manil, L. Maunoury Jan 2006

Lifetimes Of C-60(2-) And C-70(2-) Dianions In A Storage Ring, S. Tomita, J. U. Andersen, H. Cederquist, B. Concina, Olof E. Echt, J. S. Forster, K. Hansen, B. A. Huber, P. Hvelplund, J. Jensen, B. Liu, B. Manil, L. Maunoury

Physics & Astronomy

C-60(2-) and C-70(2-) dianions have been produced by electrospray of the monoanions and subsequent electron pickup in a Na vapor cell. The dianions were stored in an electrostatic ring and their decay by electron emission was measured up to 1 s after injection. While C-70(2-) ions are stable on this time scale, except for a small fraction of the ions which have been excited by gas collisions, most of the C-60(2-) ions decay on a millisecond time scale, with a lifetime depending strongly on their internal temperature. The results can be modeled as decay by electron tunneling through a Coulomb …


Thermal Expansion And Magnetostriction Of The Ising Antiferromagnet Tbni2ge2, G M. Schmiedeshoff, Shawna M. Hollen, S L. Budko, P C. Canfield Jan 2006

Thermal Expansion And Magnetostriction Of The Ising Antiferromagnet Tbni2ge2, G M. Schmiedeshoff, Shawna M. Hollen, S L. Budko, P C. Canfield

Physics & Astronomy

We have measured the linear thermal expansion and magnetostriction of the Ising antiferromagnet TbNi2Ge2 along its c-axis from room temperature to 2 K and in magnetic fields to 14 T. We find a magnetic phase diagram that agrees with earlier work and estimate aspects of its uniaxial pressure dependence. We also find a new high field feature near 10 T which may signal the onset of an additional field-induced phase.


Here Comes The Sun: The Promise Of Solar Energy, Carmela Amato-Wierda Jan 2006

Here Comes The Sun: The Promise Of Solar Energy, Carmela Amato-Wierda

The University Dialogue

George Harrison, the youngest Beatle, wrote the classic “Here Comes the Sun” in 1969 after spending a glorious day walking around his friend Eric Clapton’s garden. Today, Harrison’s refrain, “And I say, ‘It’s All right’,” accords well with a solar power industry that has grown more than 30 percent in the past six years and received tax-favorable legislative approval in 2006.


Powering Down Technology, Janine Jacques Jan 2006

Powering Down Technology, Janine Jacques

The University Dialogue

This paper will examine the issue of energy consumption resulting from the use of technology. It will identify and evaluate potential solutions currently being deployed by data center managers. In addition, the paper will recommend guidelines for reducing energy consumption for both the individual and business consumer.


Energy – The Not-So Bottomless Oil Well And The Alternatives, P.T. Vasudevan Jan 2006

Energy – The Not-So Bottomless Oil Well And The Alternatives, P.T. Vasudevan

The University Dialogue

This essay examines both sides of the “Hubbert’s peak” debate and their implications for energy policy. If there is a strong case for governments to wean their economies of oil, how do they do it? What low-carbon or alternative technologies bear watching? How will these technologies affect the environment? How long will the world remain reliant on oil considering that industries are 98% dependent on petroleum products?


Climate In The Balance, Cameron P. Wake Jan 2006

Climate In The Balance, Cameron P. Wake

The University Dialogue

This essay explores how our climate system works, how humans are changing the climate system, and how we might face the challenges of reducing our negative impact on the climate system in the future.


Eos Spheres, Vol. 5, Issue 1 (Winter 2006), University Of New Hampshire. Institute For The Study Of Earth, Oceans And Space Jan 2006

Eos Spheres, Vol. 5, Issue 1 (Winter 2006), University Of New Hampshire. Institute For The Study Of Earth, Oceans And Space

EOS Spheres

Newsletter of the Institute for the Study of Earth, Oceans, and Space, at the University of New Hampshire.


Eos Spheres, Vol. 5, Issue 3 (Fall 2006), University Of New Hampshire. Institute For The Study Of Earth, Oceans And Space Jan 2006

Eos Spheres, Vol. 5, Issue 3 (Fall 2006), University Of New Hampshire. Institute For The Study Of Earth, Oceans And Space

EOS Spheres

Newsletter of the Institute for the Study of Earth, Oceans, and Space, at the University of New Hampshire.


Annual Report 2005 Somersworth, New Hampshire., Somersworth Town Representatives Jan 2006

Annual Report 2005 Somersworth, New Hampshire., Somersworth Town Representatives

Somersworth, NH Annual Reports

This is an annual report containing vital statistics for a town/city in the state of New Hampshire.


A Multibeam Survey Of Mid-Seneca Lake: Bathymetry, Backscatter, And Invasive Species, Thomas C. Weber, Anthony P. Lyons Jan 2006

A Multibeam Survey Of Mid-Seneca Lake: Bathymetry, Backscatter, And Invasive Species, Thomas C. Weber, Anthony P. Lyons

Center for Coastal and Ocean Mapping

No abstract provided.


Automated Generation Of Geo-Referenced Mosaics From Video Collected By Deep Submergence Vehicles: An Example From Rosebud Vent (Galapagos Rift), Stace E. Beaulieu, Tim M. Shank, Adam Soule, D J. Fornari, Yuri Rzhanov, Larry A. Mayer Jan 2006

Automated Generation Of Geo-Referenced Mosaics From Video Collected By Deep Submergence Vehicles: An Example From Rosebud Vent (Galapagos Rift), Stace E. Beaulieu, Tim M. Shank, Adam Soule, D J. Fornari, Yuri Rzhanov, Larry A. Mayer

Center for Coastal and Ocean Mapping

No abstract provided.


Eos Spheres, Vol. 5, Issue 2 (Spring 2006), University Of New Hampshire. Institute For The Study Of Earth, Oceans And Space Jan 2006

Eos Spheres, Vol. 5, Issue 2 (Spring 2006), University Of New Hampshire. Institute For The Study Of Earth, Oceans And Space

EOS Spheres

Newsletter of the Institute for the Study of Earth, Oceans, and Space, at the University of New Hampshire.


Evaluation Of Solving Methods For Conditional Constraint Satisfaction Problem, Mihaela C. Sabin Jan 2006

Evaluation Of Solving Methods For Conditional Constraint Satisfaction Problem, Mihaela C. Sabin

Applied Engineering and Sciences Scholarship

No abstract provided.


Peak Oil, Geopolitics And The Need For Relocalization: Will Our Magnificent Obsession Become Our Obsolete Obsession?, John E. Carroll Jan 2006

Peak Oil, Geopolitics And The Need For Relocalization: Will Our Magnificent Obsession Become Our Obsolete Obsession?, John E. Carroll

The University Dialogue

This essay will look at the peak oil question, contemporary “oil geopolitics” and their effect not only on energy supplies, but also on transportation, agriculture and food supplies, and population distribution in the United States. While the war in Iraq forms a centerpiece in the geopolitical scene, Russia, China, and other nations will be discussed as well. This essay will also examine the inevitable relocalization which appears to be a necessary result.


Bachelor Degree Completions By College, 1997-2006, University Of New Hampshire. Institutional Research And Assessment Jan 2006

Bachelor Degree Completions By College, 1997-2006, University Of New Hampshire. Institutional Research And Assessment

UNH Factbooks

University of New Hampshire factbook data from the 2005-2006 academic year


Graduate Degree Completions, 1997-2006, University Of New Hampshire. Institutional Research And Assessment Jan 2006

Graduate Degree Completions, 1997-2006, University Of New Hampshire. Institutional Research And Assessment

UNH Factbooks

University of New Hampshire factbook data from the 2005-2006 academic year


Optimization Of Single-Sided Charge-Sharing Strip Detectors, L A. Hamel, M Benoit, B Donmez, John R. Macri, Mark L. Mcconnell, T Narita, James M. Ryan Jan 2006

Optimization Of Single-Sided Charge-Sharing Strip Detectors, L A. Hamel, M Benoit, B Donmez, John R. Macri, Mark L. Mcconnell, T Narita, James M. Ryan

Space Science Center

Simulation of the charge sharing properties of single-sided CZT strip detectors with small anode pads are presented. The effect of initial event size, carrier repulsion, diffusion, drift, trapping and detrapping are considered. These simulations indicate that such a detector with a 150 µm pitch will provide good charge sharing between neighboring pads. This is supported by a comparison of simulations and measurements for a similar detector with a coarser pitch of 225 µm that could not provide sufficient sharing. The performance of such a detector used as a gamma-ray imager is discussed.


Prospects For Grb Polarimetry With Grape, Mark L. Mcconnell, Peter F. Bloser, Jason S. Legere, John R. Macri, T Narita, James M. Ryan Jan 2006

Prospects For Grb Polarimetry With Grape, Mark L. Mcconnell, Peter F. Bloser, Jason S. Legere, John R. Macri, T Narita, James M. Ryan

Space Science Center

This paper discusses the latest progress in the development of GRAPE (Gamma‐Ray Polarimeter Experiment), a hard X‐ray Compton Polarimeter. The purpose of GRAPE is to measure the polarization of hard X‐rays in the 50–300 keV energy range. We are particularly interested in X‐rays that are emitted from solar flares and gamma‐ray bursts (GRBs). Accurately measuring the polarization of the emitted radiation from these sources will lead to a better understating of both the emission mechanisms and source geometries. The GRAPE design consists of an array of plastic scintillators surrounding a central high‐Z crystal scintillator. We can monitor individual Compton scatters …


Position Resolution In Labr3 And Lacl3 Scintillators Using Position-Sensitive Photomultiplier Tubes, Peter F. Bloser, Mark L. Mcconnell, John R. Macri, James M. Ryan, Justin Baker Jan 2006

Position Resolution In Labr3 And Lacl3 Scintillators Using Position-Sensitive Photomultiplier Tubes, Peter F. Bloser, Mark L. Mcconnell, John R. Macri, James M. Ryan, Justin Baker

Space Science Center

Advanced scintillator materials such as LaBr3:Ce and LaCl3:Ce hold great promise for future hard X-ray and gamma-ray astrophysics missions due to their high density, high light output, good linearity, and fast decay times. Of particular importance for future space-based imaging instruments, such as coded-aperture telescopes, is the precise spatial location of individual gamma-ray interactions. We have investigated the position and energy resolution achievable within monolithic (5 cm × 5 cm × 1 cm) LaBr3:Ce and LaCl3:Ce crystals using position-sensitive light readout devices, including a position-sensitive photomultiplier tube and a multi-anode photomultiplier tube. We present the results of these tests and …


Medium-Energy Gamma-Ray Astrophysics With The 3-Dti Gamma-Ray Telescope, Stanley D. Hunter, Robert G. Baker, Louis M. Barbier, Peter F. Bloser, La Vida Cooper, John F. Krizmanic, Jason T. Link, Mark L. Mcconnell, Geoergia A. De Nolfo, James M. Ryan, Satpal Singh, Seunghee Son Jan 2006

Medium-Energy Gamma-Ray Astrophysics With The 3-Dti Gamma-Ray Telescope, Stanley D. Hunter, Robert G. Baker, Louis M. Barbier, Peter F. Bloser, La Vida Cooper, John F. Krizmanic, Jason T. Link, Mark L. Mcconnell, Geoergia A. De Nolfo, James M. Ryan, Satpal Singh, Seunghee Son

Space Science Center

Gamma-ray observations in the medium energy range (0.50-50.0 MeV) are central to unfolding many outstanding questions in astrophysics. The challenges of medium-energy gamma-ray observations, however, are the low photon statistics and large backgrounds. We review these questions, address the telescope technology requirements, and describe our development of the 3-Dimensional Track Imaging (3-DTI) Compton telescope and its performance for a new mediumenergy gamma-ray mission. The 3-DTI is a large-volume time projection chamber (TPC) with a 2-dimensional gas micro-well detector (MWD) readout.


Radiation Damage And Activation From Proton Irradiation Of Advanced Scintillators, Peter F. Bloser, Mark L. Mcconnell, John R. Macri, P J. Bruillard, James M. Ryan, W Hajdas Jan 2006

Radiation Damage And Activation From Proton Irradiation Of Advanced Scintillators, Peter F. Bloser, Mark L. Mcconnell, John R. Macri, P J. Bruillard, James M. Ryan, W Hajdas

Space Science Center

We present results from a proton accelerator beam test to measure radiation damage and activation in advanced scintillator materials. Samples of LaBr3:Ce and LaCl3:Ce were exposed to protons from 40-250 MeV at the Proton Irradiation Facility of the Paul Scherrer Institute in Switzerland. Twelve energy bands were used to simulate the spectrum of the South Atlantic Anomaly (SAA), with different samples exposed to the equivalent of 4 months, 1 year, and 5 years of SAA passage. No significant decrease in light output was found due to radiation damage, indicating that these new scintillator materials are radiation tolerant. High-resolution spectra of …


The Caster Black Hole Finder Probe, Mark L. Mcconnell, Peter F. Bloser, G L. Case, M L. Cherry, J Cravens, T G. Guzik, K Hurley, R M. Kippen, John R. Macri, R S. Miller, W Paciesas, James M. Ryan, B Schaefer, J G. Stacy, W T. Vestrand, J P. Wefel Jan 2006

The Caster Black Hole Finder Probe, Mark L. Mcconnell, Peter F. Bloser, G L. Case, M L. Cherry, J Cravens, T G. Guzik, K Hurley, R M. Kippen, John R. Macri, R S. Miller, W Paciesas, James M. Ryan, B Schaefer, J G. Stacy, W T. Vestrand, J P. Wefel

Space Science Center

The primary scientific mission of the Black Hole Finder Probe (BHFP), part of the NASA Beyond Einstein program, is to survey the local Universe for black holes over a wide range of mass and accretion rate. One approach to such a survey is a hard X‐ray coded‐aperture imaging mission operating in the 10–600 keV energy band. The development of new inorganic scintillator materials provides improved performance that is well suited to the BHFP science requirements. Detection planes formed with these materials coupled with a new generation of readout devices represent a major advancement in the performance capabilities of scintillator‐based gamma …