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Are Periodic Solar Wind Number Density Structures Formed In The Solar Corona?, N. M. Viall, Harlan E. Spence, J. Kasper Dec 2009

Are Periodic Solar Wind Number Density Structures Formed In The Solar Corona?, N. M. Viall, Harlan E. Spence, J. Kasper

Physics & Astronomy

[1] We present an analysis of the alpha to proton solar wind abundance ratio (AHe) during a period characterized by significant large size scale density fluctuations, focusing on an event in which the proton and alpha enhancements are anti-correlated. In a recent study using 11 years (1995–2005) of solar wind observations from the Wind spacecraft, N. M. Viall et al. [2008] showed that periodic proton density structures occurred at particular radial length-scales more often than others. The source of these periodic density structures is a significant and outstanding question. Are they generated in the interplanetary medium, or are they a …

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Impact Of High Frequency Waves On The Ocean Altimeter Range Bias, Douglas C. Vandemark, Bertrand Chapron, T. Elfouhaily, J. W. Campbell Nov 2009

Impact Of High Frequency Waves On The Ocean Altimeter Range Bias, Douglas C. Vandemark, Bertrand Chapron, T. Elfouhaily, J. W. Campbell

Ocean Process Analysis Laboratory

New aircraft observations are presented on the range determination error in satellite altimetry associated with ocean waves. Laser-based measurements of the cross correlation between the gravity wave slope and elevation are reported for the first time. These observations provide direct access to a long, O(10 m), gravity wave statistic central to nonlinear wave theory prediction of the altimeter sea state bias. Coincident Ka-band radar scattering data are used to estimate an electromagnetic (EM) range bias analogous to that in satellite altimetry. These data, along with ancillary wind and wave slope variance estimates, are used alongside existing theory to evaluate …

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Observations Of Heterogeneous Reactions Between Asian Pollution And Mineral Dust Over The Eastern North Pacific During Intex-B, Cameron Mcnaughton, A D. Clarke, V Kapustin, Yohei Shinozuka, S G. Howell, B E. Anderson, E L. Winstead, Jack E. Dibb, Eric Scheuer, Ronald C. Cohen, Paul J. Wooldridge, A E. Perring, L Gregory Huey, S Kim, Jose L. Jimenez, E J. Dunlea, P F. Decarlo, Paul Wennberg, John D. Crounse, Andrew Weinheimer, F Flocke Nov 2009

Observations Of Heterogeneous Reactions Between Asian Pollution And Mineral Dust Over The Eastern North Pacific During Intex-B, Cameron Mcnaughton, A D. Clarke, V Kapustin, Yohei Shinozuka, S G. Howell, B E. Anderson, E L. Winstead, Jack E. Dibb, Eric Scheuer, Ronald C. Cohen, Paul J. Wooldridge, A E. Perring, L Gregory Huey, S Kim, Jose L. Jimenez, E J. Dunlea, P F. Decarlo, Paul Wennberg, John D. Crounse, Andrew Weinheimer, F Flocke

Earth Sciences

In-situ airborne measurements of trace gases, aerosol size distributions, chemistry and optical properties were conducted over Mexico and the Eastern North Pacific during MILAGRO and INTEX-B. Heterogeneous reactions between secondary aerosol precursor gases and mineral dust lead to sequestration of sulfur, nitrogen and chlorine in the supermicrometer particulate size range.

Simultaneous measurements of aerosol size distributions and weak-acid soluble calcium result in an estimate of 11 wt% of CaCO3 for Asian dust. During transport across the North Pacific, ∼5ĝ€ "30% of the CaCO3 is converted to CaSO4 or Ca(NO 3)2 with an additional ∼4% consumed through reactions with HCl. The …

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Estimation Of Sounding Uncertainty From Measurements Of Water Mass Variability, Jonathan Beaudoin, Brian R. Calder, J Hiebert, Gretchen Imahori Nov 2009

Estimation Of Sounding Uncertainty From Measurements Of Water Mass Variability, Jonathan Beaudoin, Brian R. Calder, J Hiebert, Gretchen Imahori

Center for Coastal and Ocean Mapping

Analysis techniques are introduced that allow for estimation of potential sounding uncertainty due to water mass variability from reconnaissance campaigns in which oceanographic parameters are measured at a high temporal and spatial resolution. The analysis techniques do not require sounding data, thus analyses can be tailored to match any survey system; this allows for pre-analysis campaigns to optimize survey instrumentation and sound speed profiling rates such that a desired survey specification can be maintained. Additionally, the output of the analysis methods can potentially provide a higher fidelity estimation of sounding uncertainty due to water mass variability than uncertainty models in …

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Environmental Risks Monitoring Of Shipwrecks In Italian Seas, Giuseppe Masetti, Fulvia Orsini Nov 2009

Environmental Risks Monitoring Of Shipwrecks In Italian Seas, Giuseppe Masetti, Fulvia Orsini

Center for Coastal and Ocean Mapping

After a description of the international regulatory framework, this paper examines the European project DE.E.P.P. and provides an overview of shipwreck databases in Italy. Afterwards, it reconstructs the recent history of the supertanker VLCC Haven which represents one of the largest Mediterranean shipwrecks. The findings of this paper emphasize the need to unify all the various agencies databases into a national Territorial Information System of potentially polluting wrecks. This System would be completed by all the information available in archives and press, to allow an adequate environmental risk monitoring and classification of shipwrecks in the Italian seas.

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Ion Observations From Geosynchronous Orbit As A Proxy For Ion Cyclotron Wave Growth During Storm Times, L. W. Blum, E. A. Macdonald, S. P. Gary, M. F. Thomsen, Harlan E. Spence Oct 2009

Ion Observations From Geosynchronous Orbit As A Proxy For Ion Cyclotron Wave Growth During Storm Times, L. W. Blum, E. A. Macdonald, S. P. Gary, M. F. Thomsen, Harlan E. Spence

Physics & Astronomy

[1] There is still much to be understood about the processes contributing to relativistic electron enhancements and losses in the radiation belts. Wave particle interactions with both whistler and electromagnetic ion cyclotron (EMIC) waves may precipitate or accelerate these electrons. This study examines the relation between EMIC waves and resulting relativistic electron flux levels after geomagnetic storms. A proxy for enhanced EMIC waves is developed using Los Alamos National Laboratory Magnetospheric Plasma Analyzer plasma data from geosynchronous orbit in conjunction with linear theory. In a statistical study using superposed epoch analysis, it is found that for storms resulting in net …

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Record Russian River Discharge In 2007 And The Limits Of Analysis, Alexander I. Shiklomanov, Richard B. Lammers Oct 2009

Record Russian River Discharge In 2007 And The Limits Of Analysis, Alexander I. Shiklomanov, Richard B. Lammers

Faculty Publications

The Arctic water cycle has experienced an unprecedented degree of change which may have planetary-scale impacts. The year 2007 in particular not only was unique in terms of minimum sea ice extent in the Arctic Ocean but also was a record breaking year for Eurasian river inflow to the Arctic Ocean. Over the observational period from 1936 to 2006, the mean annual river discharge for the six largest Russian rivers was 1796 km3 y−1, with the previous record high being 2080 km3 y−1, in 2002. The year 2007 showed a massive flux of fresh water from these six drainage basins …

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Grant Brings Thrills And Excitement To Computer Science Prof, Beth Potier Oct 2009

Grant Brings Thrills And Excitement To Computer Science Prof, Beth Potier

Media Relations

No abstract provided.

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Observation Of Giant Positive Magnetoresistance In A Cooper Pair Insulator., H Q. Nguyen, Shawna M. Hollen, M D. Stewart Jr, J Shainline, Aijun Yin, J M. Xu, J M. Valles Oct 2009

Observation Of Giant Positive Magnetoresistance In A Cooper Pair Insulator., H Q. Nguyen, Shawna M. Hollen, M D. Stewart Jr, J Shainline, Aijun Yin, J M. Xu, J M. Valles

Physics & Astronomy

Ultrathin amorphous Bi films, patterned with a nanohoneycomb array of holes, can exhibit an insulating phase with transport dominated by the incoherent motion of Cooper pairs (CP) of electrons between localized states. Here, we show that the magnetoresistance (MR) of this Cooper pair insulator (CPI) phase is positive and grows exponentially with decreasing temperature T, for T well below the pair formation temperature. It peaks at a field estimated to be sufficient to break the pairs and then decreases monotonically into a regime in which the film resistance assumes the T dependence appropriate for weakly localized single electron transport. We …

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Advanced Mid-Water Tools For 4d Marine Data Fusion And Visualization, Maurice Doucet, Colin Ware, Thomas C. Weber, Larry A. Mayer, Roland J. Arsenault, Mashkoor A. Malik, Lindsay Gee Oct 2009

Advanced Mid-Water Tools For 4d Marine Data Fusion And Visualization, Maurice Doucet, Colin Ware, Thomas C. Weber, Larry A. Mayer, Roland J. Arsenault, Mashkoor A. Malik, Lindsay Gee

Center for Coastal and Ocean Mapping

Mapping and charting of the seafloor underwent a revolution approximately 20 years ago with the introduction of multibeam sonars -- sonars that provided complete, high-resolution coverage of the seafloor rather than sparse measurements. The initial focus of these sonar systems was the charting of depths in support of safety of navigation and offshore exploration; more recently innovations in processing software have led to approaches to characterize seafloor type and for mapping seafloor habitat in support of fisheries research. In recent years, a new generation of multibeam sonars has been developed that, for the first time, have the ability to map …

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Enhancing Ais To Improve Whale-Ship Collision Avoidance And Maritime Security, Philip A. Mcgillivary, Kurt Schwehr, Kevin Fall Oct 2009

Enhancing Ais To Improve Whale-Ship Collision Avoidance And Maritime Security, Philip A. Mcgillivary, Kurt Schwehr, Kevin Fall

Center for Coastal and Ocean Mapping

Whale-ship strikes are of growing worldwide concern due to the steady growth of commercial shipping. Improving the current situation involves the creation of a communication capability allowing whale position information to be estimated and exchanged among vessels and other observation assets. An early example of such a system has been implemented for the shipping lane approaches to the harbor of Boston, Massachusetts where ship traffic transits areas of the Stellwagen Bank National Marine Sanctuary frequently used by whales. It uses the Automated Identification Systems (AIS) technology, currently required for larger vessels but becoming more common in all classes of vessels. …

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Broadband Records Of Earthquakes In Deep Gold Mines And A Comparison With Results From Safod, California, Art Mcgarr, Margaret S. Boettcher, Jon Peter B. Fletcher, R Sell, Malcolm J. Johnston, R Durrheim, S Spottiswoode, A Milev Oct 2009

Broadband Records Of Earthquakes In Deep Gold Mines And A Comparison With Results From Safod, California, Art Mcgarr, Margaret S. Boettcher, Jon Peter B. Fletcher, R Sell, Malcolm J. Johnston, R Durrheim, S Spottiswoode, A Milev

Center for Coastal and Ocean Mapping

For one week during September 2007, we deployed a temporary network of field recorders and accelerometers at four sites within two deep, seismically active mines. The ground-motion data, recorded at 200 samples/sec, are well suited to determining source and ground-motion parameters for the mining-induced earthquakes within and adjacent to our network. Four earthquakes with magnitudes close to 2 were recorded with high signal/noise at all four sites. Analysis of seismic moments and peak velocities, in conjunction with the results of laboratory stick-slip friction experiments, were used to estimate source processes that are key to understanding source physics and to assessing …

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Bird's Eye View, Unh Communications And Public Affairs Sep 2009

Bird's Eye View, Unh Communications And Public Affairs

UNH Today Archive

The Hubbards have a vision: every worthy student should have access to education

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The New Hampshire, Vol. 99 [100], No. 6 (Sept. 25, 2009), The New Hampshire Sep 2009

The New Hampshire, Vol. 99 [100], No. 6 (Sept. 25, 2009), The New Hampshire

The New Hampshire Print Edition

An independent student produced newspaper from the University of New Hampshire. This volume was printed as 99, but it is the 100th volume in the series. This was corrected in pencil.

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Advanced Characterization And Simulation Of Sonne: A Fast Neutron Spectrometer For Solar Probe Plus, R S. Woolf, James M. Ryan, Peter F. Bloser, U Bravar, E O. Fluckiger, Jason S. Legere, A L. Mackinnon, Procheta Mallik, Mark L. Mcconnell, B Pirard Sep 2009

Advanced Characterization And Simulation Of Sonne: A Fast Neutron Spectrometer For Solar Probe Plus, R S. Woolf, James M. Ryan, Peter F. Bloser, U Bravar, E O. Fluckiger, Jason S. Legere, A L. Mackinnon, Procheta Mallik, Mark L. Mcconnell, B Pirard

Space Science Center

SONNE, the SOlar NeutroN Experiment proposed for Solar Probe Plus, is designed to measure solar neutrons from 1-20 MeV and solar gammas from 0.5-10 MeV. SONNE is a double scatter instrument that employs imaging to maximize its signal-to-noise ratio by rejecting neutral particles from non-solar directions. Under the assumption of quiescent or episodic small-flare activity, one can constrain the energy content and power dissipation by fast ions in the low corona. Although the spectrum of protons and ions produced by nanoflaring activity is unknown, we estimate the signal in neutrons and γ−rays that would be present within thirty solar radii, …

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Deriving The Radial Distances Of Wide Coronal Mass Ejections From Elongation Measurements In The Heliosphere - Application To Cme-Cme Interaction, Noe Lugaz, Angelos Vourlidas, Ilia I. Roussev Sep 2009

Deriving The Radial Distances Of Wide Coronal Mass Ejections From Elongation Measurements In The Heliosphere - Application To Cme-Cme Interaction, Noe Lugaz, Angelos Vourlidas, Ilia I. Roussev

Coronal Mass Ejection Research Group

We present general considerations regarding the derivation of the radial distances of coronal mass ejections (CMEs) from elongation angle measurements such as those provided by SECCHI and SMEI, focusing on measurements in the Heliospheric Imager 2 (HI-2) field of view (i.e. past 0.3 AU). This study is based on a three-dimensional (3-D) magneto-hydrodynamics (MHD) simulation of two CMEs observed by SECCHI on 24–27 January 2007. Having a 3-D simulation with synthetic HI images, we are able to compare the two basic methods used to derive CME positions from elongation angles, the so-called "Point-P" and "Fixed-φ" approximations. We confirm, following similar …

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Unh President Leads Effort To Support Women Faculty In The Sciences, Erika Mantz Sep 2009

Unh President Leads Effort To Support Women Faculty In The Sciences, Erika Mantz

Media Relations

No abstract provided.

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Retrieving The Meaning Of Accountability In Financial Market Regulation, Melvin J. Dubnick, Justin P. O’Brien Sep 2009

Retrieving The Meaning Of Accountability In Financial Market Regulation, Melvin J. Dubnick, Justin P. O’Brien

Faculty Publications

Building on Raymond Williams’ approach to analyzing “keywords,” we seek to further explore the pervasive yet ambiguous concept of accountability through an examination of its use in discourses surrounding the recent global financial market crisis. We pay particular attention to the term’s use as both “cause of” and “cure for” the current crisis, and relate this to the various strategies of reform that emerge from the ongoing rhetoric and analyses. In the process we develop some frameworks for future extension of this analysis.

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Grape: A Balloon-Borne Gamma-Ray Polarimeter, Mark L. Mcconnell, Chris Bancroft, Peter F. Bloser, Taylor Connor, Jason S. Legere, James M. Ryan Aug 2009

Grape: A Balloon-Borne Gamma-Ray Polarimeter, Mark L. Mcconnell, Chris Bancroft, Peter F. Bloser, Taylor Connor, Jason S. Legere, James M. Ryan

Space Science Center

The Gamma-RAy Polarimeter Experiment (GRAPE) is a concept for an astronomical hard X-ray Compton polarimeter operating in the 50 - 500 keV energy band. The instrument has been optimized for wide-field polarization measurements of transient outbursts from energetic astrophysical objects such as gamma-ray bursts and solar flares. The GRAPE instrument is composed of identical modules, each of which consists of an array of scintillator elements read out by a multi-anode photomultiplier tube (MAPMT). Incident photons Compton scatter in plastic scintillator elements and are subsequently absorbed in inorganic scintillator elements; a net polarization signal is revealed by a characteristic asymmetry in …

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A New Low-Background Compton Telescope Using Labr3 Scintillator, Peter F. Bloser, James M. Ryan, Jason S. Legere, Manuel Julien, Chris Bancroft, Mark L. Mcconnell, Mark Wallace, R M. Kippen, Shawn Tornga Aug 2009

A New Low-Background Compton Telescope Using Labr3 Scintillator, Peter F. Bloser, James M. Ryan, Jason S. Legere, Manuel Julien, Chris Bancroft, Mark L. Mcconnell, Mark Wallace, R M. Kippen, Shawn Tornga

Space Science Center

Gamma-ray astronomy in the MeV range suffers from weak fluxes from sources and high background in the nuclear energy range. The background comes primarily from neutron-induced gamma rays, with the neutrons being produced by cosmic-ray interactions in the Earth's atmosphere, the spacecraft, and the instrument. Compton telescope designs often suppress this background by requiring coincidences in multiple detectors and a narrow time-of-flight (ToF) acceptance window. The COMPTEL experience on the Compton Gamma Ray Observatory shows that a 1.9-ns ToF resolution is insufficiently narrow to achieve the required low background count rate. Furthermore, neutron interactions in the detectors themselves generate an …

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Root Production And Methane Dynamics: Impact Of Wetland Functional Group Diversity And Composition, Rachel Schultz, Virginie Bouchard, Serita D. Frey Aug 2009

Root Production And Methane Dynamics: Impact Of Wetland Functional Group Diversity And Composition, Rachel Schultz, Virginie Bouchard, Serita D. Frey

Faculty Publications

Background/Question/Methods: The loss of biodiversity worldwide has prompted a close investigation of the link between diversity and ecosystem functions. Most experimental studies have looked at the relationship between grassland plant diversity and aboveground productivity. Less is known about other ecosystems or how diversity affects belowground processes. Our objective was to investigate the link between plant community (diversity and composition) and key belowground processes such as root biomass production and CH4 dynamics in wetland ecosystems. We hypothesized that 1) root biomass would increase with functional group diversity due to complementarity and 2) the sediment pool of CH4 would decrease with diversity …

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Energy Dissipation And Ion Heating At The Heliospheric Termination Shock, P. Wu, D. Winske, S. P. Gary, Nathan A. Schwadron, Martin A. Lee Aug 2009

Energy Dissipation And Ion Heating At The Heliospheric Termination Shock, P. Wu, D. Winske, S. P. Gary, Nathan A. Schwadron, Martin A. Lee

Physics & Astronomy

The Los Alamos hybrid simulation code is used to examine heating and the partition of dissipation energy at the perpendicular heliospheric termination shock in the presence of pickup ions. The simulations are one-dimensional in space but three-dimensional in field and velocity components, and are carried out for a range of values of pickup ion relative density. Results from the simulations show that because the solar wind ions are relatively cold upstream, the temperature of these ions is raised by a relatively larger factor than the temperature of the pickup ions. An analytic model for energy partition is developed on the …

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Annual Summer Residential Program At Unh Helps Launch Young Scientists, David Sims Aug 2009

Annual Summer Residential Program At Unh Helps Launch Young Scientists, David Sims

Media Relations

No abstract provided.

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Diverse Group Of Aspiring Young Scientists Get Smart At Unh In July, Beth Potier Jul 2009

Diverse Group Of Aspiring Young Scientists Get Smart At Unh In July, Beth Potier

Media Relations

No abstract provided.

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Federal Stimulus Money Received By Unh For Research Tops $3 Million, Erika Mantz Jul 2009

Federal Stimulus Money Received By Unh For Research Tops $3 Million, Erika Mantz

Media Relations

No abstract provided.

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Dynamics Of Wind-Driven Upwelling And Relaxation Between Monterey Bay And Point Arena: Local-, Regional-, And Gyre-Scale Controls, James M. Pringle, Edward P. Dever Jul 2009

Dynamics Of Wind-Driven Upwelling And Relaxation Between Monterey Bay And Point Arena: Local-, Regional-, And Gyre-Scale Controls, James M. Pringle, Edward P. Dever

Earth Sciences

In north and central California, equatorward winds drive equatorward flows and the upwelling of cold dense water over the shelf during the midspring and summer upwelling season. When the winds temporarily weaken, the upwelling flows between Point Reyes and Point Arena "relax,'' becoming strongly poleward over the shelf. Analytical and numerical models are used to describe the effect of alongshore variability of winds, bathymetry, and basin-scale pressure gradients on the strength of upwelling and its relaxation. Alongshore winds weaken to the south of Point Reyes, and the shelf becomes narrower from Point Reyes to Monterey Bay. Both of these lead …

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Near-Infrared Photoabsorption By C(60) Dianions In A Storage Ring, U. Kadhane, J. U. Andersen, E. Bonderup, B. Concina, P. Hvelplund, M. Kirketerp, B. Suhr, B. Liu, S. Bronsted Nielsen, S. Panja, J. Rangama, K. Stochkel, S. Tomita Jul 2009

Near-Infrared Photoabsorption By C(60) Dianions In A Storage Ring, U. Kadhane, J. U. Andersen, E. Bonderup, B. Concina, P. Hvelplund, M. Kirketerp, B. Suhr, B. Liu, S. Bronsted Nielsen, S. Panja, J. Rangama, K. Stochkel, S. Tomita

Physics & Astronomy

We present a detailed study of the electronic structure and the stability of C(60) dianions in the gas phase. Monoanions were extracted from a plasma source and converted to dianions by electron transfer in a Na vapor cell. The dianions were then stored in an electrostatic ring, and their near-infrared absorption spectrum was measured by observation of laser induced electron detachment. From the time dependence of the detachment after photon absorption, we conclude that the reaction has contributions from both direct electron tunneling to the continuum and vibrationally assisted tunneling after internal conversion. This implies that the height of the …

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Multipoint, High Time Resolution Galactic Cosmic Ray Observations Associated With Two Interplanetary Coronal Mass Ejections, Andrew P. Jordan, Harlan E. Spence, J. B. Blake, T. Mulligan, D. N. A. Shaul, M. Galametz Jul 2009

Multipoint, High Time Resolution Galactic Cosmic Ray Observations Associated With Two Interplanetary Coronal Mass Ejections, Andrew P. Jordan, Harlan E. Spence, J. B. Blake, T. Mulligan, D. N. A. Shaul, M. Galametz

Physics & Astronomy

[1] Galactic cosmic rays (GCRs) play an important role in our understanding of the interplanetary medium (IPM). The causes of their short timescale variations, however, remain largely unexplored. In this paper, we compare high time resolution, multipoint space-based GCR data to explore structures in the IPM that cause these variations. To ensure that features we see in these data actually relate to conditions in the IPM, we look for correlations between the GCR time series from two instruments onboard the Polar and INTEGRAL (International Gamma Ray Astrophysical Laboratory) satellites, respectively inside and outside Earth's magnetosphere. We analyze the period of …

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Unh Student Receives A National Science Foundation Research Fellowship, Jody Record Jun 2009

Unh Student Receives A National Science Foundation Research Fellowship, Jody Record

Media Relations

No abstract provided.

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U.S. Law Of The Sea Cruise To Map The Eastern Mendocino Ridge, Eastern Pacific Ocean, James V. Gardner, Mashkoor A. Malik Jun 2009

U.S. Law Of The Sea Cruise To Map The Eastern Mendocino Ridge, Eastern Pacific Ocean, James V. Gardner, Mashkoor A. Malik

Center for Coastal and Ocean Mapping

No abstract provided.

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