Digital Commons Network^™

A Submerged Ocean Wave Energy Converter, Xinwei Wang

Master's Theses and Capstones

The design of a Submerged Ocean Wave Energy Converter (SOWEC) was developed and evaluated using physical models in the University of New Hampshire (UNH) wave tank. The SOWEC is a unique "pumping" device and was designed to capture both potential (heave) energy and the kinetic (surge) energy from waves. The testing was done with a 1:8 scale model in the Chase Laboratory wave tank where it was subjected to regular (single frequency) waves having the maximum wave heights available for each period. The SOWEC was deployed at different depths and angles, with and without flow control attachments to enhance performance. …

Watching Children: A History Of America's Race To Educate Kids And The Creation Of The 'Slow-Learner' Subject, Jeffrey C. Frenkiewich

Doctoral Dissertations

On January 25, 2011, United States President Barack Obama delivered his State of the Union address to Congress and to the nation. As part of that address, President Obama articulated his vision for American education and stated that America had "to win the race to educate our kids" (Obama, 2011, state of the union). Mr. Obama's speech and his "Race to the Top" policy stand as statements in a discourse that expects fast-paced education based on universal standards and quantitative measures. Tracing a history of American schooling, one sees that this discourse has been dominant in this society for most …

Identification Of System Parameters For End Milling Force Simulation With Tool And Workpiece Compliance, Min Hyong Koh

Master's Theses and Capstones

A Smart Machining System being developed at UNH has the potential to produce high quality machined parts in minimum time. Integral to the success of this system is the ability to accurately simulate cutting forces. In this current work, a time-domain milling simulation is developed with a tool-workpiece compliance model to predict dynamic cutting forces. The simulation computes milling forces, tool deflections, and workpiece vibration (surface waviness).

The accuracy of the simulation depends on finding reliable system parameters. In this work, an end milling parameter identification method is developed using linear predictive coding (LPC) and Extended Kalman Filtering. The milling …

Object-Based Image Analysis For Forest-Type Mapping In New Hampshire, Christina Czarnecki

Master's Theses and Capstones

The use of satellite imagery to classify New England forests is inherently complicated due to high species diversity and complex spatial distributions across a landscape. The use of imagery with high spatial resolutions to classify forests has become more commonplace as new satellite technology become available. Pixel-based methods of classification have been traditionally used to identify forest cover types. However, object-based image analysis (OBIA) has been shown to provide more accurate results. This study explored the ability of OBIA to classify forest stands in New Hampshire using two methods: by identifying stands within an IKONOS satellite image, and by identifying …

Two-Dimensional Unsteady Flow Visualization By Animating Evenly-Spaced Streamlets, Zhengang Hong

Master's Theses and Capstones

Flow visualization has been widely used to display and discover patterns and features in vector fields. Common applications include the representation of ocean currents and weather model data.

In this thesis, a flexible method for animating vector fields is developed, based on a generalization of a Poisson disc sampling method. The algorithm has two stages; in the first streamlets are drawn into an image buffer, larger than their intended size. Before they are drawn they are tested to see if they impact on already drawn areas; if they do, they are rejected. In the second stage the ones that pass …

Waste Heat Measurement And Recovery Options In An Investment Casting Process, Patrick Timothy Kilar

Master's Theses and Capstones

In this research, the waste heat emitted from two ovens and a boiler used in the investment casting manufacturing process by New Hampshire based Hitchiner Manufacturing Inc. Co. was determined. This was achieved with measured temperature and standard volume flow rate data gathered from the exhaust stacks using a thermal anemometer. Pressure in the stacks and density were also determined using a differential pressure transducer and combustion analyzer transducer, respectively. The thermal anemometer collected data continuously over a period of 1 week per stack. To support and protect the transducers during the experiments, tripods and enclosures were designed, fabricated and …

An Investigation On The Resonance Observed In A Spirally Shielded Twinaxial Differential Pair, David Richard Levine

Master's Theses and Capstones

Spirally shielded twinaxial cable assemblies are extensively used in multi-gigabit-per-second digital telecommunications systems. Unlike ideally shielded Twinaxial cables, spirally shielded cables exhibit resonant behavior which limits system throughput.

This body of work illustrates a predictive method for determining resonant behavior in twinaxial cables through physical measurement of commercially available cables and analogous transmission line fixtures, full-wave and quasi-static simulations, and equivalent circuit analysis.

It will be shown that frequency dependent standing wave resonances in twinaxial cables are independent of cable length and dependent on cross-sectional feature sizes, dielectric properties, and spiral shield pitch.

Comparison And Evaluation Of Global Publicly Available Bathymetry Grids In The Arctic, Anastasia S. Abramova

Master's Theses and Capstones

In this study we evaluate the differences between six publicly available bathymetry grids in different regions of the Arctic. The independent, high-resolution and accuracy multibeam sonar derived grids are used as a ground truth against which the analyzed grids are compared. The specific bathymetry grids assessed, IBCAO, GEBCO 1 minute, GEBCO_08, ETOPO1, SRTM30_Plus, and Smith and Sandwell, are separated into two major Types: Type A, grids based solely on sounding data sources, and Type B, grids based on sounding data combined with gravity data. The differences were evaluated in terms of source data accuracy, depth accuracy, internal consistency, presence of …

An Investigation Of Two Methods For Assessing The Vertical Structure Of Forest Stands, Daniel S. Maynard

Master's Theses and Capstones

In this study we investigate the limitations of two methods for assessing forest structure: vertical point sampling with a camera and laser point quadrat sampling. Vertical point sampling with a camera is a method by which the height squared per unit area of a forest can be quickly estimated. First, we derive the bias incurred for failing to adjust for slope when implementing this sampling method, and we show that slope can generally be ignored as long as the majority of sample points occur on slopes less than 35 degrees. In the second part of this study we outline the …

Controls On Variability Of Dissolved Greenhouse Gas Concentration And Emissions From Small Streams In Southeastern New Hampshire, Jason Baillio

Master's Theses and Capstones

Small streams often present the first opportunity for dissolved greenhouse gases to exchange with the atmosphere and can be potential hot spots for evasion. In this study three streams in southeastern New Hampshire representing differing landuse were monitored for emissions of nitrous oxide, methane, and carbon dioxide. Average emission rates of N2O varied from -84 mug N m-2 day-1 to 2,561 mug N m-2 day-1 and correlated strongly with NO 3- concentration. One stream, Rum Brook, was found to be a net sink for N2O from the atmosphere. Methane emissions varied from 1.1 mg C m-2 day-1 to 21 mg …

Pseudocapacitive Potassium Manganese Oxide Birnessite Nanosheets For Asymmetric Electrochemical Capacitors, Matthew P. Yeager

Master's Theses and Capstones

The goal of this research was to explore the use of manganese dioxide (MnO2) for incorporation into composite pseudocapacitor (PC) electrode materials. Desired morphologies were explored and obtained to promote redox activity with increased active surface areas while simultaneously reducing the electron diffusion paths for rapid energy delivery. We report facile syntheses of a two-dimensional MnO2 material, which was fully characterized by electron microscopy, XRD, EDS and thermogravimetric analyses. Electrode materials were tested in both three-electrode and two-electrode cells. To further elucidate the properties of the evolving valence states during discharge processes, an in situ XANES cell was constructed, permitting …

Investigating The Effect Of System Pressure On Trihalomethane Post-Treatment Diffused Aeration, John M. Zwerneman

Master's Theses and Capstones

The current study has obtained removal data for the four major trihalomethanes (chloroform, bromodichloromethane, dibromochloromethane, and bromoform) in a bench-scale, batch diffused aeration reactor under system pressures of 0-, 25-, 50-, and 70-psig. The removal data for each pressure was compared, and it is clear that trihalomethane air-stripping removals decrease with increasing system pressure.

Trihalomethane removal data was also collected for a bench-scale, continuous-flow diffused aeration reactor at pressures of 25-psi and 50-psi. A similar decrease in removals was observed at higher pressures for the continuous-flow system.

A model was formulated that predicts Henry's Law Constant for each trihalomethane at …

Multi-Protein Detection Of Endothelial Cell Inflammation And Single Cells' Heterogeneity Study, Jingwen Chai

Master's Theses and Capstones

Endothelial inflammation plays major roles in all phases of atherosclerotic process and both innate immunity and endothelial adhesion molecules contribute to endothelial inflammation. In this thesis, there are three main parts regarding the endothelial cell inflammation and multiple protein detection. In the first part, we applied multiple antibodies (Abs) to measure changes in expression levels of six proteins in response to inflammatory stimulation, and we observed different dynamic behaviors in them. In the second part, we applied emission fingerprinting technique provided by Zeiss LSM 510 META detector, and achieved the concurrent detection of ten proteins expressed on the same endothelial …

The Granite, 2012, University Of New Hampshire

The Granite – Yearbook

The yearbook of the New Hampshire College of Agriculture and the Mechanic Arts, 1909-1922, the University of New Hampshire, 1923-

Acoustic Sensing Of Gas Seeps In The Deep Ocean With Split-Beam Echosounders, Thomas C. Weber, Kevin W. Jerram, Larry A. Mayer

Center for Coastal and Ocean Mapping

When in the form of free gas in the water column, methane seeps emanating from the seabed are strong acoustic targets that are often detectable from surface vessels using echo sounders.In addition to detecting that a seep is present at some location, it is also desirable to characterize the nature of the seep in terms of its morphology and flux rates. Here, we examine how much we can learn about seeps in the deep (> 1000 m) northern Gulf of Mexico using narrow-band split-beam echo sounders operating at fixed frequencies (18 kHz and 38 kHz).Methane seeps in this region are …

New Science, Synthesis, Scholarship, And Strategic Vision For Society, David R. Foster, Emery Boose, Elizabeth A. Colburn, Elizabeth E. Crone, Aaron M. Ellison, Clarisse Hart, Kathy Fallon Lambert, David A. Orwig, Julie Pallant, Pamela M. Snow, Kristina A. Stinson, Dianna L. Doucette, Paul R. Moorcroft, Andrew D. Richardson, J. William Munger, Adrien C. Finzi, Lucy Hutyra, Anne Short, Brian Donahue, Christopher A. Williams, William V. Sobczak, W. Wyatt Oswald, Edward K. Faison, Jerry M. Melillo, Jonathan R. Thompson, Jeffrey L. Blanchard, Elizabeth S. Chilton, Kristen M. Deangelis, Stephen Destefano, David B. Kittredge, Serita D. Frey, Scott V. Ollinger, Eric A. Davidson

Faculty Publications

Harvard Forest LTER (HFR) is a two decade-strong, integrated research and educational program investigating responses of forest dynamics to natural and human disturbances and environmental changes over broad spatial and temporal scales. HFR engages >30 researchers, >200 graduate and undergraduate students, and dozens of institutions in research into fundamental and applied ecological questions of national and international relevance. Through LTER I–IV, HFR has added historical perspectives, expanded its scope to the New England region, integrated social, biological, and physical sciences, and developed education and outreach programs for K-12, undergraduate, and graduate students, along with managers, decision-makers, and media professionals.

U.S. Extended Continental Shelf Cruise To Map Sections Of The Mariana Trench And The Eastern And Southern Insular Margins Of Guam And The Northern Mariana Islands, Andy Armstrong

Center for Coastal and Ocean Mapping

U.S. Extended Continental Shelf Cruise to Map Sections of the Mariana Trench and the Eastern and Southern Insular Margins of Guam and the Northern Mariana Islands

CCOM-JHC CRUISE SU10-02

Leg 2: September 24 to October 21, 2010

Apra Harbor, Guam to Apra Harbor, Guam

Part Ed 306 Minimum Standards For Public School Approval, New Hampshire Department Of Education

Manchester Research Group

New Hampshire minimum school standards.

Do You Believe The Climate Is Changing? Answers From New Survey Research, Lawrence C. Hamilton

Carsey Publications

This brief explores how political views influence Americans’ understanding and perception of science. The research is based on a national version of the Community and Environment in Rural America survey called NCERA, and on New Hampshire’s statewide Granite State Poll. Author Lawrence Hamilton reports that most people on both surveys feel that they understand either a great deal or a moderate amount about global warming or climate change. However, deep partisan divisions affect both personal beliefs about climate change and perceptions of agreement among scientists. Democrats are much more likely to state they believe that climate change is happening, caused …

Estimating Oil Concentration And Flow Rate With Calibrated Vessel-Mounted Acoustic Echo Sounders, Thomas C. Weber, Alex De Robertis, Shep Smith, Samuel F. Greenaway, Larry A. Mayer, Glen Rice

Center for Coastal and Ocean Mapping

As part of a larger program aimed at evaluating acoustic techniques for mapping the distribution of subsurface oil and gas associated with the Deepwater Horizon-Macondo oil spill, observations were made on June 24 and 25, 2010 using vessel-mounted calibrated single-beam echo sounders on the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration ship Thomas Jefferson. Coincident with visual observations of oil at the sea surface, the 200-kHz echo sounder showed anomalously high-volume scattering strength in the upper 200 m on the western side of the wellhead, more than 100 times higher than the surrounding waters at 1,800-m distance from the wellhead, …

Revisiting Two-Step Forbush Decreases, Andrew P. Jordan, Harlan E. Spence, J. B. Blake, D. N. A. Shaul

Physics & Astronomy

Interplanetary coronal mass ejections (ICMEs) and their shocks can sweep out galactic cosmic rays (GCRs), thus creating Forbush decreases (FDs). The traditional model of FDs predicts that an ICME and its shock decrease the GCR intensity in a two-step profile. This model, however, has been the focus of little testing. Thus, our goal is to discover whether a passing ICME and its shock inevitably lead to a two-step FD, as predicted by the model. We use cosmic ray data from 14 neutron monitors and, when possible, high time resolution GCR data from the spacecraft International Gamma Ray Astrophysical Laboratory (INTEGRAL). …

Climate Change In The Piscataqua/Great Bay Region: Past, Present, And Future, Cameron P. Wake, Elizabeth Burakowski, Eric Kelsey, Katharine Hayhoe, Anne Stoner, Chris Watson, Ellen Douglas

The Sustainability Institute Publications

Earth ’s climate changes. It always has and always will. However, an extensive body of scientific evidence indicates that human activities are now a significant force driving change in the Earth’s climate system. This report describes how the climate of the Piscataqua/Great Bay region of coastal New Hampshire in the United States has changed over the past century and how the future climate of the region will be affected by human activities that are warming the planet.

Overall, the region has been getting warmer and wetter over the last century, and the rate of change has increased over the last …

Consistency In Statistical Moments As A Test For Bubble Cloud Clustering, Thomas C. Weber, Anthony P. Lyons, David L. Bradley

Center for Coastal and Ocean Mapping

Frequency dependent measurements of attenuation and/or sound speed through clouds of gas bubbles in liquids are often inverted to find the bubble size distribution and the void fraction of gas. The inversions are often done using an effective medium theory as a forward model under the assumption that the bubble positions are Poisson distributed (i.e., statistically independent). Under circumstances in which single scattering does not adequately describe the pressure field, the assumption of independence in position can yield large errors when clustering is present, leading to errors in the inverted bubble size distribution. It is difficult, however, to determine the …

Free And Open Source Software In Computing Education, Stephen Jacobs, Clif Kussmaul, Mihaela C. Sabin

Applied Engineering and Sciences Scholarship

Free and Open Source Software (FOSS) exemplifies the merit and successes of open content, understood broadly as creative work that explicitly allows sharing and further changes by anyone, whether an individual or organization. Although the benefits of improving computing education with open source practices are largely acknowledged, transforming teaching to create effective learning environments has many challenges. The panelists will bring different perspectives on teaching strategies and curricular content they have used in their classrooms. These perspectives will exemplify key issues with FOSS-based education and FOSS-based IT systems. The developer and user communities established around FOSS-based IT systems are of …

Two Unh Students Receive Scholarships To Pursue Stem Teaching, Beth Potier

Media Relations

No abstract provided.

Unh Researchers: Multibeam Sonar Can Map Undersea Gas Seeps, Beth Potier

Media Relations

No abstract provided.

Another Dimension From Lidar – Obtaining Foliage Density From Full Waveform Data, Thomas Adams, Peter Beets, Christopher Parrish

Center for Coastal and Ocean Mapping

LiDAR tells the user where surfaces are, not what they are. In this study we investigate the potential for waveform LiDAR to provide more information on the nature of the returns over forestry. Waveform LiDAR was acquired for ten Pinus radiata plots in a New Zealand plantation, along with comprehensive leaf area sampling in 2m vertical bands. The decay rate of each waveform peak was shown to be a useful tool for estimating foliage density, and has potential for identifying regions containing ground and understorey. Leaf Area Density (LAD) is an expression of foliage density per unit height, and a …

The New Hampshire, Vol. 101 [102], No. 7 (Sep. 30, 2011), The New Hampshire

The New Hampshire Print Edition

An independent student produced newspaper from the University of New Hampshire. This volume was printed as 101, but it is the 102nd volume in the series. This was corrected in pencil.

U.S. Law Of The Sea Cruise To Map The Foot Of The Slope And 2500-M Isobath Of The U.S. Arctic Ocean Margin, Larry A. Mayer, Andy Armstrong

Center for Coastal and Ocean Mapping

U.S. Law of the Sea cruise to map the foot of the slope and 2500-m isobath of the US Arctic Ocean margin

CRUISE HEALY 1102

August 15 to September 28, 2011

Barrow, AK to Dutch Harbor, AK

Longpath Doas Observations Of Surface Bro At Summit, Greenland, J Stutz, J L. Thomas, S C. Hurlock, M Schneider, R Von Glasow, M Piot, K Gorham, John F. Burkhart, Luke D. Ziemba, Jack E. Dibb, Barry Lefer

Earth Sciences

Reactive halogens, and in particular bromine oxide (BrO), have frequently been observed in regions with large halide reservoirs, for example during bromine catalyzed coastal polar ozone depletion events. Much less is known about the presence and impact of reactive halogens in areas without obvious halide reservoirs, such as the polar ice sheets or continental snow.

We report the first LP-DOAS measurements of BrO at Summit research station in the center of the Greenland ice sheet at an altitude of 3200 m. BrO mixing ratios in May 2007 and June 2008 were typically between 1–3 pmol mol⁻¹, with maxima …