Digital Commons Network^™

Mcgill Wetland Model: Evaluation Of A Peatland Carbon Simulator Developed For Global Assessments, F St. Hilaire, J Wu, Nigel T. Roulet, Steve Frolking, P M. Lafleur, E R. Humphreys, V Arora

Earth Sciences

We developed the McGill Wetland Model (MWM) based on the general structure of the Peatland Carbon Simulator (PCARS) and the Canadian Terrestrial Ecosystem Model. Three major changes were made to PCARS: (1) the light use efficiency model of photosynthesis was replaced with a biogeochemical description of photosynthesis; (2) the description of autotrophic respiration was changed to be consistent with the formulation of photosynthesis; and (3) the cohort, multilayer soil respiration model was changed to a simple one box peat decomposition model divided into an oxic and anoxic zones by an effective water table, and a one-year residence time litter pool. …

The Loss Of Species: Mangrove Extinction Risk And Geographic Areas Of Global Concern, Beth A. Liu, Kent A. Carpenter, Lorna Collins, Norma C. Duke, Aaron M. Ellison, Joanne C. Ellison, Elizabeth J. Farnsworth, Edwino S. Fernando, Kandasamy Kathiresan, Nico E. Koedam, Suzanne R. Livingstone, Toyohiko Miyagi, Gregg E. Moore, Vien Ngoc Nam, Jin Eong Ong, Jurgenne H. Primavera, Severino G. Salmo Iii, Jonnell C. Sanciangco, Sukristijono Sukardjo, Yamin Wang, Jean Wan Hong Yong

Biological Sciences

Mangrove species are uniquely adapted to tropical and subtropical coasts, and although relatively low in number of species, mangrove forests provide at least US $1.6 billion each year in ecosystem services and support coastal livelihoods worldwide. Globally, mangrove areas are declining rapidly as they are cleared for coastal development and aquaculture and logged for timber and fuel production. Little is known about the effects of mangrove area loss on individual mangrove species and local or regional populations. To address this gap, species-specific information on global distribution, population status, life history traits, and major threats were compiled for each of the …

The Loss Of Species: Mangrove Extinction Risk And Failure Of Critical Exosystem Services, Beth A. Polidoro, Kent E. Carpenter, Lorna Collins, Norman C. Duke, Aaron M. Ellison, Joanna C. Ellison, Elizabeth J. Famsworth, Edwino S. Fernando, Kandasamy Kathiresan, Nico E. Koedam, Suzanne R. Livingstone, Toyohiko Miyagi, Gregg E. Moore, Vien Ngoc Nam, Jin Eong Ong, Jurgenne H. Primavera, Severino G. Salmo Iii, Jonnell C. Sanciangco, Sukristijono Sukardjo, Yamin Wang, Jean Wan Hong Yong

Jackson Estuarine Laboratory

Mangrove species are uniquely adapted to tropical and subtropical coasts, and although relatively low in number of species, mangrove forests provide at least US $1.6 billion each year in ecosystem services and support coastal livelihoods worldwide. Globally, mangrove areas are declining rapidly as they are cleared for coastal development and aquaculture and logged for timber and fuel production. Little is known about the effects of mangrove area loss on individual mangrove species and local or regional populations. To address this gap, species-specific information on global distribution, population status, life history traits, and major threats were compiled for each of the …

The New Hampshire, Vol. 99 [100], No. 40 (March 30, 2010), The New Hampshire

The New Hampshire Print Edition

An independent student produced newspaper from the University of New Hampshire. This volume was printed as 99, but it is the 100th volume in the series. This was corrected in pencil.

The Oyster River Culvert Analysis Project, L. Stack, M. H, Simpson, T. Crosslin, Robert Roseen, D. Sowers, C. Lawson

PREP Reports & Publications

Studies have already detected intensification of precipitation events consistent with climate change projections. Communities may have a window of opportunity to prepare, but information sufficiently quantified and localized to support adaptation programs is sparse: published literature is typically characterized by general resilience building or regional vulnerability studies. The Fourth Assessment Report of the IPCC observed that adaptation can no longer be postponed pending the effective elimination of uncertainty. Methods must be developed that manage residual uncertainty, providing community leaders with decision-support information sufficient for implementing infrastructure adaptation programs. This study developed a local-scale and actionable protocol for maintaining historical risk …

2009 Unh/Noaa Joint Hydrographic Center Performance And Progress Report, Larry A. Mayer, Noaa-Unh Joint Hydrographic Center (Jhc/Ccom)

Progress Reports

Report Period: 01/01/2009 – 12/31/2009

Graduate Degree Completions, 2000-2009, University Of New Hampshire. Institutional Research And Assessment

UNH Factbooks

University of New Hampshire factbook data from the 2009-2010 academic year

Effects Of Physical And Chemical Disturbance On Stream Ecosystem Structure And Function, Elena M. Traister

Doctoral Dissertations

A variety of natural and anthropogenic disturbances influence the structure and function of stream ecosystems. While past investigations have focused on the response of community indicators to stream disturbances, functional indicators may also be helpful for assessing stream ecosystem health. To date, few studies have compared the response of structural and functional indicators to ecosystem-level disturbances. I separately measured the effects of long-term acidification, a large-scale avulsion, and the individual and combined effects of physical streambed disturbance and altered refugia availability on stream structural and functional metrics.

I found that acidification was associated with changes in macroinvertebrate communities including reduced …

Learning Systems: An Ecological Perspective On Advanced Academic Literacy Practices Of Multilingual Writers, Steve Simpson

Doctoral Dissertations

Recent work in composition's leading journals has challenged the field's exclusive focus on native English speakers and has called for a more international perspective on writing research and pedagogy. This dissertation, which grew from requests from multilingual graduate students in my own institution for more advanced academic writing support, extends this call to explore ways writing programs can better account for the needs of international graduate students, a growing population in US institutions. The role English has assumed as the lingua franca of international academic communication has made writing in English a critical skill for these students' professional development. In …

The Long Journey To Become 'The River Of National Unity': The Sao Francisco River Basin From 1940s To 2008 And The Interactions Of Environment, Government And Local Citizens, Lucigleide Nery Nascimento

Doctoral Dissertations

In its 2,700 kilometers north and then eastern journey to the Atlantic Ocean, the Sao Francisco River of Brazil drains eight percent of the nation's territory. The watershed is three and a half times the size of New England. This research investigates the impacts of the federal water resource management, or lack of it, on the riverine environment and on the life of the people who locally have depended on the ecosystem's services of the river during the 1940s--2008 timeframe. A new legal instrument, the 1997 Water Policy, introduced a novel form of management regarding public participation, policy goals and …

Social Science And Social Capital In The Lamprey River Watershed: A Resident Survey For Community And Environmental Planning And Predicting Support For Innovative Land Use, Mary Adamo Robertson

Doctoral Dissertations

The Lamprey River Watershed is an important part of the Great Bay Estuary in southeastern New Hampshire. The region has experienced population growth, sprawl development, increased vehicle miles traveled, increased levels of air and water pollution, loss of critical habitat, and loss of sense of community. The Lamprey River Watershed Resident Survey was designed to bring attention to environmental and community issues in order to engage residents in long range, innovative, and regional planning. The survey was distributed to approximately 3,000 households in one mailing during National Community Planning Month, October, 2007. The data from the 768 respondents provide baseline …

From Biosphere To Noosphere: Vladimir Vernadsky's Theoretical System As A Conceptual Framework For Universal Sustainability Education, Irina L. Trubetskova

Doctoral Dissertations

In light of accelerating global warming and climate change, the importance of sustainability education is unquestionable. It is a requirement of our time that sustainability education must become a part of any professional curriculum in higher education because today's college students are tomorrow's decision makers and the key players at local, national, and international levels.

Although the importance of education for a sustainable future has been recognized by the global community and we are now living through the United Nations Decade of Education for Sustainable Development (2005-2014), a common conceptual approach to teaching sustainability does not exist. We face a …

"This Wilderness World": The Evolution Of A New England Farm Town, 1820--1840, Mary Babson Fuhrer

Doctoral Dissertations

This dissertation uses the extraordinary conflict that roiled one rural town in central Massachusetts during the second quarter of the nineteenth century as a lens through which to observe communal relationships in transition. Using the Amish as a model, the dissertation identifies traditional communal social organization as agrarian, patriarchal, communal, homogeneous, localistic, and consensual -- as well as closed, conformist, and suspicious of difference and innovation. The dissertation argues that conflict arose in Boylston during the 1820s and '30s as these traditional relationships gradually gave way to more modern ways of belonging, associating, and envisioning one's place in the wider …

Land Development In Massachusetts: Its Effect On The Environment Within Essex And Middlesex Counties From 1990 To 2007, Peter Sean Tardie

Doctoral Dissertations

Since the 1970's urban centers in and surrounding Essex and Middlesex Counties in Massachusetts have expanded and proliferated into adjacent communities. This expansion has led to the conversion of land for housing, businesses, schools, recreation, and parks, placing significant strain on existing land cover, land use, and available natural resources. Mounting growth pressures and a reduction of undeveloped land have raised serious concerns as cropland and forest fragmentation, wetland destruction, protected open-space infringement, pollution, and systematic losses of rural conditions have become obvious. To monitor development, the post-classification change detection method was applied to Landsat Thematic Mapper (TM) satellite data …

An Initial Evaluation Of Market-Based Land Reform In Brazil: Can It Create Sustainable Communities?, Arthur Powers

Doctoral Dissertations

Land reform is a burning issue in Brazil. Redistribution of land through government expropriation has proven to be difficult and expensive as unwilling landowners can hold up the process for years, or defeat it, in the courts. In 1997, the World Bank, at the request of the Brazilian Government, approved Land Reform and Poverty Alleviation Pilot Project 4147-BR -- known in Brazil as the Cedula da Terra. This program instituted a market based approach to land reform through which eligible agricultural workers could form associations and obtain subsidized financing to purchase land from willing sellers. As there was no previous …

University Of New Hampshire Graduate School Catalog, 2010-2011, University Of New Hampshire

Graduate Catalog

No abstract provided.

Improving Efficiencies And Modeling A Cyclic Suspended Ion Exchange (Six(C)) Drinking Water Pre-Treatment Systems, Owen P. Friend-Gray

Master's Theses and Capstones

This research focused on three primary components of the Suspended Ion eXchange (SIX(c)) process developed by PWN Water Supply Company North Holland. The first step focused on the resin regeneration procedure. It was shown that the current system could be improved and that reducing the complexity of the system simplified the process and increased the regeneration efficiency. The second step focused on the resin tank contactor hydraulics. It was determined that for the sequential completely mixed reactor design at PWN, high flows with low mixing speed of the overhead paddle mixers led to the most efficient hydraulic regime. The third …

Enhancing Ais To Improve Whale-Ship Collision Avoidance And Maritime Security, Philip A. Mcgillivary, Kurt Schwehr, Kevin Fall

Center for Coastal and Ocean Mapping

Whale-ship strikes are of growing worldwide concern due to the steady growth of commercial shipping. Improving the current situation involves the creation of a communication capability allowing whale position information to be estimated and exchanged among vessels and other observation assets. An early example of such a system has been implemented for the shipping lane approaches to the harbor of Boston, Massachusetts where ship traffic transits areas of the Stellwagen Bank National Marine Sanctuary frequently used by whales. It uses the Automated Identification Systems (AIS) technology, currently required for larger vessels but becoming more common in all classes of vessels. …

Ice Storm Effects On The Canopy Structure Of A Northern Hardwood Forest After 8 Years, Brian C. Weeks, Steven P. Hamburg, Matthew A. Vadeboncoeur

All Materials

Ice storms can cause severe damage to forest canopies, resulting in differential mortality among tree species and size classes and leading to long-lasting changes in the vertical structure and composition of the forest. An intense ice storm in 1998 damaged large areas of the northern hardwood forest, including much of the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest, New Hampshire (USA). Following up on detailed poststorm assessments, we measured changes in the vertical structure of the forest canopy 8 years poststorm. We focused on how the presence of disease-induced advance regeneration of American beech (Fagus grandifolia Ehrh.) has affected canopy structure in the …

Unh On "Green Honor Roll" Of Top 15 Sustainable Colleges, Beth Potier

Media Relations

No abstract provided.

Harmonisation Of Global Land-Use Scenarios For The Period 1500–2100 For Ipcc-Ar5, George C. Hurtt, L P. Chini, Steve Frolking, R A. Betts, J Feddema, G Fischer, Kees Klein Goldewijk, K Hibbard, A Janetos, C D. Jones, G Kindermann, T Kinoshita, K Riahi, E Shevliakova, S Smith, E Stehfest, A Thomson, P E. Thornton, D P. Van Vuuren, Ying Ping Wang

Earth Sciences

No abstract provided.

Alum Keep Unh Peace Corps Ranking In Top 25, Jody Record

Media Relations

No abstract provided.

Randolph, New Hampshire Annual Report 2008., Randolph Town Representatives

Randolph, NH Annual Reports

This is an annual report containing vital statistics for a town/city in the state of New Hampshire.

Graduate Degree Completions, 1999-2008, University Of New Hampshire. Institutional Research And Assessment

UNH Factbooks

University of New Hampshire factbook data from the 2008-2009 academic year

The Mental Demands Of Marine Ecosystem -Based Management: A Constructive Developmental Lens, Verna Gerard Delauer

Doctoral Dissertations

Ecosystem-based Management (EBM) is a relatively new and promising approach to the management of marine systems. EBM is holistic by seeking to include ail stakeholders affected by marine policy. Stakeholders may include individuals from ail levels of government, academia, environmental organizations, and marine-dependent businesses and industry. This dissertation lays out the substantive differences of marine EBM stakeholder engagement processes versus other, single sector processes. EBM processes are more complex than existing stakeholder engagement mechanisms, to sufficiently require a more sophisticated conceptual understanding of the process and the people involved. There are implicit cognitive, interpersonal, and intra-personal demands of EBM that …

Determination Of Geotechnical Properties Of Seafloor Sediment Using A Free Fall Penetrometer, Gopala Krishna Mulukutla

Doctoral Dissertations

A study was conducted to determine the penetration behavior of a cylindrical probe free falling to the seafloor and to utilize the data obtained to evaluate the engineering properties of surficial sediment. Two experimental probes, each equipped with accelerometers, pressure sensors and optical backscatter sensors were deployed in different sediment regimes. The data collected was used to derive the sediment type and determine physical properties such as undrained shear strength, coefficient of consolidation and shear modulus for soft fine-grained sediment.

Acceleration signals from drops of a free fall penetrometer contain information about the nature of the seafloor. A simple sediment …

A Wild Web: The Tangled History Of Attitudes Toward Wildlife In A Dynamic New England Culture, 1945--1985, Mary H. Hopkins

Doctoral Dissertations

Attitudes toward wildlife are considerably more complex than one might suspect. This dissertation started with a hypothesis that population growth would correlate with increasing negative attitudes toward wildlife, but historical evidence only partially supports this hypothesis. Information about the frequency and types of wildlife references appearing in newspapers between 1945 and 1985 was gathered from a systematic sampling of six New Hampshire newspapers that represented towns with differing growth trends. While analysis of quantitative data minimized any correlation between growth and negative attitudes, qualitative data from newspaper articles, archival sources, government reports, books and articles, and other sources provided evidence …

Thermal Exchange Processes Within Shallow Fractured Bedrock: Applications For Standing Column Wells, Sarah B. Mckone

Master's Theses and Capstones

This research investigates thermal properties of fractured bedrock for the purpose of better understanding the sustainability of standing column well (SCW) geothermal heating systems. The three objectives are to quantify effective thermal conductivity and heat capacity of the fracture network; measure heat exchange between the fluid and the fractured surfaces; and estimate time of thermal breakthrough into a pumping well. Single and dipole well tests are performed to meet these objectives. Single well data is compared with an analytical heat flow model to estimate thermal conductivity and heat capacity. Dipole well data is compared to a model of the Kolditz …

Sampling Techniques For Sediment Pore Water In Evaluation Of Reactive Capping Efficacy, Donald E. Wise

Master's Theses and Capstones

Contaminated sediments are a significant problem that has adverse effects on human, animal and plant health. Heavy metal contamination, with dissolved metals being the most bioavailable form, has been occurring since man first started living in communities around water bodies. Pore water provides contaminated metals a medium for transport from the sediment to the water body. Determining the toxic metal concentration in pore water is essential to any remediation plan. In-situ dialysis samplers or peepers were investigated in this thesis as a tool for evaluating metal contamination in sediments. Peeper performance was compared to direct suction samplers. Both samplers were …

Unh On "Green Honor Roll" Of Top 11 Sustainable Colleges, Beth Potier

Media Relations

No abstract provided.