Digital Commons Network^™

An Unexpected Rhenium(Iv)–Rhenium(Vii) Salt: [Co(Nh3)6]3[Reviio4][Reivf6]46h2o, James Louis_Jean, Samudee Mariappan Balasekaran, Adelheid Hagenbach, Frederic Poineau

Chemistry and Biochemistry Faculty Research

The title hydrated salt, tris[hexaamminecobalt(III)] tetraoxidorhenate(VII) tetrakis[hexafluoridorhenate(IV)] hexahydrate, arose unexpectedly due to possible contamination of the K2ReF6 starting material with KReO4. It consists of octahedral [Co(NH3)6] 3+ cation (Co1 site symmetry 1), tetrahedral [ReVIIO4] anions (Re site symmetry 1) and octahedral [ReIVF6] 2 anions (Re site symmetries 1and 3). The [ReF6] 2 octahedral anions (mean Re—F = 1.834 A˚ ), [Co(NH3)6] 3+ octahedral cations (mean Co—N = 1.962 A˚ ), and the [ReO4] tetrahedral anion (mean Re—O = 1.719 A˚ ) are slightly distorted. A network of N—HF hydrogen bonds consolidates the structure. The crystal studied was refined as a …

A Vacancy-Rich, Partially Inverted Spinelloid Silicate, (Mg,Fe,Si)(2)(Si,)O-4, As A Major Matrix Phase In Shock Melt Veins Of The Tenham And Suizhou L6 Chondrites, Oliver Tschauner, Chi Ma, Luca Bindi, John R. Beckett, Xiande Xie

Geoscience Faculty Research

A new high‐pressure silicate, (Mg,Fe,Si)2(Si,□)O4 with a tetragonal spinelloid structure, was discovered within shock melt veins in the Tenham and Suizhou meteorites, two highly shocked L6 ordinary chondrites. Relative to ringwoodite, this phase exhibits an inversion of Si coupled with intrinsic vacancies and a consequent reduction of symmetry. Most notably, the spinelloid makes up about 30–40 vol% of the matrix of shock veins with the remainder composed of a vitrified (Mg,Fe)SiO3 phase (in Tenham) or (Mg,Fe)SiO3‐rich clinopyroxene (in Suizhou); these phase assemblages constitute the bulk of the matrix in the shock veins. Previous assessments of the melt matrices concluded that …

Geometric Phase Effects In Ultracold Chemical Reactions, Brian K. Kendrick, Balakrishnan Naduvalath

Chemistry and Biochemistry Faculty Research

The role of the geometric phase effect in chemical reaction dynamics has long been a topic of active experimental and theoretical investigations. The topic has received renewed interest in recent years in cold and ultracold chemistry where it was shown to play a decisive role in state-to-state chemical dynamics. We provide a brief review of these developments focusing on recent studies of O + OH and hydrogen exchange in the H + H2 and D + HD reactions at cold and ultracold temperatures. Non-adiabatic effects in ultracold chemical dynamics arising from the conical intersection between two electronic potential energy surfaces …

Twenty-Three Unsolved Problems In Hydrology (Uph) -- A Community Perspective, Günter Blöschl, Marc F.P. Bierkens, Antonio Chambel, Christophe Cudennec, Georgia Destouni, Aldo Fiori, James W. Kirchner, Jeffrey J. Mcdonnell, Hubert H.G. Savenjie, Murugesu Sivapalan, Christine Stumpp, Elena Toth, Elena Volpi, Gemma Carr, Claire Lupton, Jose Salinas, Borbala Szeles, Alberto Viglione, Hafzullah Aksoy, Scott T. Allen, Anam Amin, Vazken Andreassian, Berit Arheimer, Santosh K. Aryal, Victor Baker, Earl Bardsley, Marlies H. Barendrecht, Alena Bartosova, Okke Batelaan, Wouter R. Berghuijs, Keith Beven

Geoscience Faculty Research

This paper is the outcome of a community initiative to identify major unsolved scientific problems in hydrology motivated by a need for stronger harmonisation of research efforts. The procedure involved a public consultation through online media, followed by two workshops through which a large number of potential science questions were collated, prioritised, and synthesised. In spite of the diversity of the participants (230 scientists in total), the process revealed much about community priorities and the state of our science: a preference for continuity in research questions rather than radical departures or redirections from past and current work. Questions remain focused …

A Soft-Robotic Harbor Porpoise Pectoral Fin Driven By Coiled Polymer Actuators As Artificial Muscles, Robert Hunt, Sarah Trabia, Zakai Olsen, Kwang Kim

Mechanical Engineering Faculty Research

Biomimicry is an approach in science and engineering to overcome human challenges by designing materials and systems modeled after nature. Selected applications of biomimicry include catheters, hearing devices, and artificial appendages such as arms, legs, and fingers. The inspiration for this study is the hydrofoil-like structured pectoral fin of the harbor porpoise whale that is ultimately useful for studying fluid-structure interactions, drag, lift, and laminar-to-turbulent transitions. The pectoral fin is fabricated by manipulating computed tomography (CT) scans into 3D models using Simpleware ScanIP and post-processed in Autodesk for printing. An array of thermally driven coiled polymer actuators (CPA) fabricated from …

Hadoop Performance Analysis Model With Deep Data Locality, Sungchul Lee, Ju-Yeon Jo, Yoohwan Kim

Computer Science Faculty Research

Background: Hadoop has become the base framework on the big data system via the simple concept that moving computation is cheaper than moving data. Hadoop increases a data locality in the Hadoop Distributed File System (HDFS) to improve the performance of the system. The network traffic among nodes in the big data system is reduced by increasing a data-local on the machine. Traditional research increased the data-local on one of the MapReduce stages to increase the Hadoop performance. However, there is currently no mathematical performance model for the data locality on the Hadoop. Methods: This study made the Hadoop performance …

Rotational Quenching Of Hd Induced By Collisions With H2 Molecules, Yier Wan, Nadulvalath Balakrishnan, B. H. Yang, R. C. Forrey, P. C. Stancil

Chemistry and Biochemistry Faculty Research

Rate coefficients for rotational transitions in HD induced by H2 impact for rotational levels of HD j ≤ 8 and temperatures 10 K ≤ T ≤ 5000 K are reported. The quantum mechanical close-coupling (CC) method and the coupled-states (CS) decoupling approximation are used to obtain the cross-sections employing the most recent highly accurate H2–H2 potential energy surface (PES). Our results are in good agreement with previous calculations for low-lying rotational transitions The cooling efficiency of HD compared with H2 and astrophysical applications are briefly discussed.

“…4542 Miles From Home…”: Repositioning English Language Learners As Power Brokers And Teachers As Learners In The Study Abroad Context, Kenneth J. Fasching-Varner, Michaela P. Stone, Roberto Mora Mella, Francisco Olave Henriquez, Macarena Yacoman Palma

Teaching and Learning Faculty Research

This article provides an empirical context for the role that bi/multi-lingual children and families may play in supporting pre-service and in-service educators engaging difference through a literacy and language situated study abroad internship in Chile. Drawing on data over a 15-year longitudinal study of the program, the authors examine how students and parents navigate serving the role of teacher, whereas the teacher participants navigate a new role as a learner in a context where they, many for the first time, experience being language and cultural minorities.

How Bright Are Fast Optical Bursts Associated With Fast Radio Bursts?, Yuan-Pei Yang, Bing Zhang, Jian-Yan Wei

Physics & Astronomy Faculty Research

The origin of fast radio bursts (FRBs) is still unknown. Multiwavelength observations during or shortly after the FRB phase would be essential to identify the counterpart of an FRB and to constrain its progenitor and environment. In this work, we investigate the brightness of the “fast optical bursts” (FOBs) associated with FRBs and the prospects of detecting them. We investigate several inverse Compton (IC) scattering processes that might produce an FOB, including both the one-zone and two-zone models. We also investigate the extension of the same mechanism of FRB emission to the optical band. We find that a detectable FOB …

The Purported Square Ice In Bilayer Graphene In A Nanoscale, Monolayer Object, Tod A. Pascal, Craig P. Schwartz, Keith V. Lawler, David Prendergast

Chemistry and Biochemistry Faculty Research

The phase diagram of water is complex, and interfacial effects can stabilize unusual structures at the nanoscale. Here, we employ bond order accelerated molecular dynamics simulations to show that upon encapsulation within bilayer graphene, water can spontaneously adopt a two-dimensional (monomolecular) layer of “square ice” at ambient conditions, instead of an encapsulated water droplet. Free energy calculations show that this motif is thermodynamically stable up to diameters of approximately 15 nm due to enhanced hydrogen bonding and favorable binding to the graphene sheets. Entropic losses due to solidification and reduced graphene–graphene binding enthalpy are opposing thermodynamic forces that conspire to …

Equivalency Of Indirect And Direct Potable Reuse Paradigms Based On A Quantitative Microbial Risk Assessment Framework, Erfaneh Amoueyan, Yongsheng He, Hongjie Wu, Chuanwei Zhu, Shichun Huang, Jian Huang

Civil and Environmental Engineering and Construction Faculty Research

Due to rapid growth in the potable reuse industry, there is a need to better characterize the associated pathogen risks and degree of attenuation achieved by various treatment trains. It is also important to understand how emerging treatment frameworks compare to the historical practice of de facto reuse. As such, the goals of this study were to (1) evaluate the equivalency of indirect potable reuse (IPR) and direct potable reuse (DPR) systems; (2) compare alternative treatment trains; and (3) identify the design components and operational conditions that are most critical to minimizing public health risks. To this end, we developed …

Superconductivity In The Van Der Waals Layered Compound Ps2, Yan-Ling Li, Elissaios Stavrou, Qiang Zhu, Samantha M. Clarke, Yunguo Li, Hong-Mei Huang

Physics & Astronomy Faculty Research

van der Waals (vdW) layered compounds provided a fruitful research platform for the realization of superconductivity. However, a vdW layered superconductor with a high transition temperature (Tc) at ambient conditions is still rare. Here, using variable-composition evolutionary structure predictions, we systematically explored the stable compounds in the P-S system up to 20 GPa. Opposed to the complex stoichiometries at ambient conditions, only one compound, PS2, is predicted to be thermodynamically stable above 8 GPa. Strikingly, PS2 is a vdW layered material isostructural to 3R−MoS2 exhibiting a predicted Tc of around 11 K at ambient pressure, both in the bulk and …

Non-Einstein Viscosity Phenomenon Of Acrylonitrile–Butadiene–Styrene Composites Containing Lignin–Polycaprolactone Particulates Highly Dispersed By High-Shear Stress, Sing-Hoon Kim, Kisuk Choi, Kyouk Ryeol Choi, Taesung Kim, Jonghwan Suhr, Kwang Jin Kim, Hyoung Jin Choi, Jae-Do Nam

Mechanical Engineering Faculty Research

Lignin powder was modified via ring-opening polymerization of caprolactone to form a lignin–polycaprolactone (LPCL) particulate. The LPCL particulates were mixed with an acrylonitrile–butadiene–styrene (ABS) matrix at an extremely high rotational speed of up to 3000 rpm, which was achieved by a closed-loop screw mixer and in-line melt extruder. Using this high-shear extruding mixer, the LPCL particulate size was controlled in the range of 3395 nm (conventional twin-screw extrusion) down to 638 nm (high-shear mixer of 3000 rpm) by altering the mixing speed and time. The resulting LPCL/ABS composites clearly showed non-Einstein viscosity phenomena, exhibiting reduced viscosity (2130 Pa·s) compared to …

Simulating Backward Wave Propagation In Metamaterial With Radial Basis Functions, Jichun Li, Bing Nan

Mathematical Sciences Faculty Research

In this paper we revisit the radial basis function (RBF) meshless method and implement it to solve the time-dependent Maxwell's equations in metamaterials. Numerical simulations of the backward wave propagation phenomena are successfully achieved using this RBF method with properly chosen free parameters in the RBFs.

Introduction To Systems Thinking For The Chemistry Education Community, Marykay Orgill, Sarah York, Jennifer Mackellar

Chemistry and Biochemistry Faculty Research

Within recent history, both science research and science education have been largely reductionist in perspective. While the reductionist approach has resulted in a significant increase in our knowledge of the natural world and in great technological advances, it is not sufficient for addressing global world challenges, such as sustainability, pollution, climate change, and poverty. We, as members of the Systems Thinking in Chemistry Education (STICE) project, argue that for science in general, and chemistry in specific, to continue to advance and for citizens to be prepared to participate knowledgeably and democratically in science-related policy decisions, the reductionist approaches that are …

Propagation Of A Short Grb Jet In The Ejecta: Jet Launching Delay Time, Jet Structure, And Gw170817/Grb 170817a, Jin-Jun Geng, Bing Zhang, Anders Kölligan, Rolf Kuiper, Yong-Feng Huang

Physics & Astronomy Faculty Research

We perform a series of relativistic magnetohydrodynamic simulations to investigate how a hot magnetic jet propagates within the dynamical ejecta of a binary neutron star merger, focusing on how the jet structure depends on the delay time of jet launching with respect to the merger time, Δt jet. We find that regardless of the jet-launching delay time, a structured jet with an angle-dependent luminosity and Lorentz factor is always formed after the jet breaks out of the ejecta. On the other hand, the jet-launching delay time has an impact on the jet structure. If the jet-launching delay time is relatively …

Middle Grades Principal Credentialing: A Vanishing Requirement, Christina Digaudio, Dana L. Bickmore

Educational Psychology, Leadership, and Higher Education Faculty Research

Limited research explores how school administrators learn the leadership skills, knowledge, and dispositions that will support young adolescents, particularly how administrators are prepared and credentialed to lead middle grades schools. The purpose of this research was to examine which states offered and/or required administrator credentials specific to middle grades and why states do or do not offer or require such credentialing. Analysis of the data indicates that states are moving away from specific credentialing for middle grades school administrators, with only one state still offering such a credential. Although state credentialing officers indicated the value of a specific middle grades …

A Tight Relation Between Spiral Arm Pitch Angle And Protplanetary Disk Mass, Si-Yue Yu, Luis C. Ho, Zhaohuan Zhu

Physics & Astronomy Faculty Research

We use two-dimensional Fourier transformation to measure the pitch angle () of the dominant spiral Fourier mode of well-defined spiral arms in 13 protoplanetary disks, making use of near-infrared scattered-light images of AB Aur, SAO 206462, MWC 758, V1247 Ori, HD 142527, DZ Cha, LkHα 330, and HD 100453, and ALMA millimeter continuum images of Elias 2-27, IM Lup, AS 205, and HT Lup. We find that the measured pitch angle correlates strongly with disk mass (M D ), such that more massive protoplanetary disks have smaller pitch angles, following . Interestingly, four disks with a known companion (HD 142527, …

A Hard Look At Ngc 5347: Revealing A Nearby Compton-Thick Agn, E. S. Kammoun, J. M. Miller, A. Zoghbi, K. Oh, M. Koss, R. F. Muchotzky, L. W. Brenneman, W. N. Brandt, Daniel Proga, A. M. Lohfink, J. S. Kaastra, D. Barret, E. Behar, D. Stern

Physics & Astronomy Faculty Research

Current measurements show that the observed fraction of Compton-thick (CT) active galactic nuclei (AGN) is smaller than the expected values needed to explain the cosmic X-ray background. Prior fits to the X-ray spectrum of the nearby Seyfert-2 galaxy NGC 5347 (z = 0.00792, D = 35.5 Mpc ) have alternately suggested a CT and Compton-thin source. Combining archival data from Suzaku, Chandra, and—most importantly—new data from NuSTAR, ... See full text for complete abstract

Get Engaged: Results Of Ncpg 2018 National Survey Of Gambling Attitudes & Experiences, Keith Whyte, Don Feeney

International Conference on Gambling & Risk Taking

The National Survey of Gambling Attitudes and Gambling Experiences (NGAGE) is the largest published survey of gambling participation and problems in the US. This unprecedented look into how Americans gamble, what they gamble, how they think about it in every state. Includes a special focus on sports gambling. Presenters will review the findings and implications for everyone involved in gambling issues.

Gamesense Interactions: Improving Guest Experience With Responsible Gaming, Richard Taylor

International Conference on Gambling & Risk Taking

How do conversations about responsible gambling impact the employee and guest experience?

With the implementation of GameSense and its strong ties to our loyalty marketing program, M life Rewards, MGM Resorts endeavors to answer that very question. Through focus groups research, interaction surveys, and on the ground conversations with casino employees, we are learning a lot about our innovative approach to responsible gambling.

During this lightning talk, Director of Responsible Gaming, Richard Taylor, will provide a typical GameSense interaction, and a very brief summary about GameSense and why it's critically important to make RG a focal point of guest experience.

Iq And Gambling Consumption: An Analysis Of Horse Race Betting Participation And Expenditure Using Individual-Level Data, Niko Suhonen, Tuomo Kainulainen, Jani Saastamoinen, David Forrest Prof.

International Conference on Gambling & Risk Taking

Abstract

Recent literature suggests that intelligence is positively associated with economic outcomes involving risky decisions such as investment portfolio returns (Grinblatt et al. 2012). Gambling is a form of entertainment in which consumers buy risky products with negative expected values. However, the relationship between intelligence and gambling consumption is not understood yet. We use a unique individual-level data set from Finland to investigate how intelligence predicts gambling participation and expenditure. Our data consists of betting data from a monopoly horse race betting operator (betting participation and expenditure on betting), background information on the Finnish adult population from Statistics Finland (e.g. …

Leadership’S Influence On Environmental Sustainability, Stallar Lufrano-Jardine

International Conference on Gambling & Risk Taking

A phenomenological study within the gaming industry is currently being conducted to determine influential indicators within business operations. Based on interviews of executive leadership at global companies, participants disclosed the environmental developments at their organization based on industry norms and the ability to develop/execute environmental initiatives. Four themes emerged: the leader’s ideology and the political climate; the company’s founding principles; support from the industry and/or within the company; and the ability to change industry dynamics. Each leader touched on these four points. Regardless of department type, level of leadership, and the desire to be globally conscious, all participants remarked on …

A Statistical Analysis Of The Roulette Martingale System: Examples, Formulas And Simulations With R, Peter Pflaumer

International Conference on Gambling & Risk Taking

Some gamblers use a martingale or doubling strategy as a way of improving their chances of winning. This paper derives important formulas for the martingale strategy, such as the distribution, the expected value, the standard deviation of the profit, the risk of a loss or the expected bet of one or multiple martingale rounds. A computer simulation study with R of the doubling strategy is presented. The results of doubling to gambling with a constant sized bet on simple chances (red or black numbers, even or odd numbers, and low (1 – 18) or high (19 – 36) numbers) and …

Controlling The Stereodynamics Of Cold Molecular Collisions, Balakrishnan Naduvalath, J. F. E. Croft, Meng Huang, Hua Guo

Chemistry and Biochemistry Faculty Research

We report numerically-exact quantum scattering calculations for low-energy collisions of quantum-state prepared HD with H2. Excellent agreement is obtained with recent measurements of Perreault et al. for the angular distribution of scattered HD at a collision energy of 1 K. By state-preparation of the HD molecules, control of the angular distribution of scattered HD was demonstrated. The stereo-dynamic control is achieved by the ability to choose a single or a coherent superposition of quantum states. We present a first-principles simulation of the experiment which enables us to attribute the main features of the observed angular distribution to a single L …

Kelly Fraction Estimation For Multiple Correlated Bets, William Chin

International Conference on Gambling & Risk Taking

It is well-known that expected portfolio growth is maximized by maximizing

expected logarithmic utility. This investment criterion is known as Kelly betting.

It has many optimality properties but is considered to be risky. Blackjack

teams and other advantage gamblers practice a fraction of the Kelly optimal to

decrease risk. Some hedge fund managers are thought to practice according to

Kelly principles. We use a continuous multivariate Geometric Brownian motion

model and present an interval estimate for the historical fraction for a portfolio

of correlated bets, possibly including a risk-free asset. Historical data comes

from a range of sources and the …

Nonstandard Dice That Both Count For Card Craps, Mark Bollman

International Conference on Gambling & Risk Taking

The Pala Casino in California deals Card Craps using a red die numbered {2; 2; 2; 5; 5; 5} and a blue die numbered {3; 3; 3; 4; 4; 4}. Two cards from a special 36-card deck, which contains one card bearing each of the 36 ways in which two dice can land when rolled, are dealt: one each face down to a red space and a blue space. When the dice are rolled, the higher number determines which of the cards is flipped over.

A moment's reflection reveals that Pala's blue die is unnecessary. The card selection process can …

One Solution To The Mass Budget Problem For Planet Formation: Optically Thick Disks With Dust Scattering, Zhaohuan Zhu, Shangjia Zhang, Yan-Fei Jiang, Akimasa Kataoka, Tilman Birnstiel, Cornelis P. Dullemond, Sean M. Andrews, Jane Huang, Laura M. Perez, John M. Carpenter, Xue-Ning Bai, David J. Wilner, Luca Ricci

Physics & Astronomy Faculty Research

Atacama Large Millimeter Array (ALMA) surveys have suggested that the dust in Class II disks may not be enough to explain the averaged solid mass in exoplanets, under the assumption that the mm disk continuum emission is optically thin. This optically thin assumption seems to be supported by recent Disk Substructures at High Angular Resolution Project (DSHARP) observations where the measured optical depths are mostly less than one. However, we point out that dust scattering can considerably reduce the emission from an optically thick region. If that scattering is ignored, an optically thick disk with scattering can be misidentified as …

A Simplified Crossing Fiber Model In Diffusion Weighted Imaging, Sheng Yang, Kaushik Ghosh, Ken Sakaie, Satya S. Sahoo, Sarah J. Ann Carr, Curtis Tatsuoka

Mathematical Sciences Faculty Research

Diffusion MRI (dMRI) is a vital source of imaging data for identifying anatomical connections in the living human brain that form the substrate for information transfer between brain regions. dMRI can thus play a central role toward our understanding of brain function. The quantitative modeling and analysis of dMRI data deduces the features of neural fibers at the voxel level, such as direction and density. The modeling methods that have been developed range from deterministic to probabilistic approaches. Currently, the Ball-and-Stick model serves as a widely implemented probabilistic approach in the tractography toolbox of the popular FSL software package and …

Modeling The Light Curves Of The Luminous Type Ic Supernova 2007d, Shan-Qin Wang, Zach Cano, Long Li, Liang-Duan Liu, Ling-Jun Wang, Weikang Zheng, Zi-Gao Dai, En-Wei Liang, Alexei V. Filippenko

Physics & Astronomy Faculty Research

SN 2007D is a nearby (redshift z = 0.023146), luminous Type Ic supernova (SN) having a narrow light curve (LC) and high peak luminosity. Previous research based on the assumption that it was powered by the 56Ni cascade decay suggested that the inferred 56Ni mass and the ejecta mass are ~1.5 M ⊙ and ~3.5 M ⊙, respectively. In this paper, we employ some multiband LC models to model the R-band LC and the color (V − R) evolution of SN 2007D to investigate the possible energy sources powering them. We find that the pure 56Ni model is disfavored; the …