Digital Commons Network^™

Sex Role Socialization In Picture Books: An Update, J. Allen Williams Jr., Joetta Vernon, Martha C. Williams, Karen Malecha

Department of Sociology: Faculty Publications

In a content analysis of children’s picture books, Weitzman et al, (1972) found females depicted far less often than males, and those females who were included tended to play traditional, stereotypical roles. The present study updates this research. Findings indicate that, while the ratio of females to males is now closer to parity, storybook characters continue to walk the well-worn paths of tradition.

The Relationship Of Temperament To Tolerance Of Cold And Heat: Beyond “Cold Hands-Warm Heart”, Richard A. Dienstbier, Robert L. Laguardia, Noreen S. Wilcox

Department of Psychology: Faculty Publications

Thermal regulation and peripheral arousal in episodes of emotion are dependent upon similar autonomic and hormonal processes. Thermal-tolerance measure were developed and validated in order to indirectly assess adrenergic (cold tolerance) and cholinergic (heat tolerance) responsivity. We hypothesized that cold tolerance would correlate with reduced emotionality (largely fear and anxiety) and depression, and with increased stimulus seeking and dispositions toward activity; those hypotheses were confirmed. Tentatively advanced hypotheses that heat tolerance would correlate with reduced depression and emotional states were not confirmed, but heat tolerance was positively associated with activity and (weakly) with some of the same dimensions of temperament …

Section I- The Cognitive Psychometric Connection

The Influence of Cognitive Psychology on Testing

Section I- The Cognitive Psychometric Connection

Section Ii- Cognitive Approaches To Psychometric Issues: Applications

The Influence of Cognitive Psychology on Testing

Section II- COGNITIVE APPROACHES TO PSYCHOMETRIC ISSUES: APPLICATIONS

Section Iii- Methodological Issues

The Influence of Cognitive Psychology on Testing

Section III- METHODOLOGICAL ISSUES

Title Page And Contents- The Influence Of Cognitive Psychology On Testing, Jane Close Conoley, Royce R. Ronning, John A. Glover, Joseph C. Witt

The Influence of Cognitive Psychology on Testing

The Influence of Cognitive Psychology on Testing

Contents

Foreword ix

1. Introduction: The Implications of Cognitive Psychology for Testing...........1

PART I: THE COGNITIVE-PSYCHOMETRIC CONNECTION

2. Science, Technology, and Intelligence...................11

3. Toward a Cognitive Theory for the Measurement of Achievement ...................41

4. The g Beyond Factor Analysis.........................87

PART II: COGNITIVE APPROACHES TO PSYCHOMETRIC ISSUES: APPLICATIONS

5. The Assessment of Cognitive Factors in Academic Abilities...................145

6. Theoretical Implications from Protocol Analysis on Testing and Measurement...191

PART III: METHODOLOGICAL ISSUES

7. Structure and Process in Cognitive Psychology Using Multidimensional Scaling and Related Techniques..................229

8. New Perspectives in the Analysis of Abilities.....................267

Author Index …

Foreword- The Influence Of Cognitive Psychology On Testing, James V. Mitchell Jr.

The Influence of Cognitive Psychology on Testing

For over 40 years Oscar K. Buros was Director of the Buros Institute of Mental Measurements and Editor of the Mental Measurements Yearbooks. He was a crusader, and he devoted his entire career to his crusade. He was a crusader for better tests and the more effective selection and use of tests, and he used the Mental Measurements Yearbooks as the principal instrument in this crusade. Buros passed away in 1978, and his widow, Luella Buros, worked tirelessly to find a new home for the Institute. As a result of her efforts the Institute was relocated at the University …

2. Science, Technology, And Intelligence, Earl Hunt

The Influence of Cognitive Psychology on Testing

The intelligence test has been cited as psychology's most important technological contribution to society. Whether this is good or ill can be debated (Eysenck, 1979; Gould, 1981; Herrnstein, 1971; Kamin, 1974). Certain facts are not really subject to debate . Psychologists can and have developed "standardized interviews" that, on a population basis, provide a cost effective technique for personnel classification in industrial, military, and some government settings. However, the tests are very far from perfect indicators. Validity coefficients between tests and performance ratings typically range in the .3 to .5 range (i.e. , from 10 to 25% of the variance …

6. Theoretical Implications From Protocol Analysis On Testing And Measurement, K. Anders Ericsson

The Influence of Cognitive Psychology on Testing

One of the goals of psychology has always been to describe, understand, and measure individual differences. The diversity of human behavior makes it particularly challenging to seek to identify general and stable underlying elements that correspond to systematic individual differences . A major problem in the efforts to identify such elements is that the elements cannot be observed directly. The primary method has been to use the current psychological theory to develop procedures to measure such hypothetical elements. In this chapter I present a new theoretic framework, based on verbal reports from subjects, for identifying and measuring individual differences. I …

7. Structure And Process In Cognitive Psychology Using Multidimensional Scaling And Related Techniques, Edward J. Shoben, Brian H. Ross

The Influence of Cognitive Psychology on Testing

INTRODUCTION

The goal of cognitive psychology is to provide a general understanding of human cognitive processes through the development of general, formal models of cognition. Although it is clearly true that some areas (such as memory) have been more highly developed than others, it is undeniable that cognitive psychology has witnessed a proliferation of models in the past decade. Perhaps researchers are finding it increasingly difficult to discriminate among competing memory models because the constraints are so weak. One possibility that will be explored in this chapter is the prospect of using multidimensional scaling (MDS) and related procedures as a …

3. Toward A Cognitive Theory For The Measu Rement Of Achievement, Robert Glaser, Alan Lesgold, Susanne Lajoie

The Influence of Cognitive Psychology on Testing

INTRODUCTION

Given the demands for higher levels of learning in our schools and the press for education in the skilled trades, the professions, and the sciences, we must develop more powerful and specific methods for assessing achievement. We need forms of assessment that educators can use to improve educational practice and to diagnose individual progress by monitoring the outcomes of learning and training. Compared to the well-developed technology for aptitude measurement and selection testing, however, the measurement of achievement and diagnosis of learning problems is underdeveloped. This is because the correlational models that support prediction are insufficient for the task …

4. The G Beyond Factor Analysis, Arthur R. Jensen

The Influence of Cognitive Psychology on Testing

The problem of g, essentially , concerns two very fundamental questions: (1) Why are scores on various mental ability tests positively correlated? and (2) Why do people differ in performance on such tests?

SOME DEFINITIONS

To insure that we are talking the same language, we must review a few definitions. Clarity, explicitness, and avoidance of excess meaning or connotative overtones are virtues of a definition. Aside from these properties, a definition per se affords nothing to argue about. It has nothing to do with truth or reality; it is a formality needed for communication.

A mental ability test consists …

5. The Assessment Of Cognitive Factors In Academic Abilities, Stephen L. Benton, Kenneth A. Kiewra

The Influence of Cognitive Psychology on Testing

Nearly 30 years ago, Lee Cronbach (1957) distinguished between the two disciplines of correlational psychology, which investigated naturally occurring individual variance in behavior, and experimental psychology, which examined the effectiveness of certain treatments on behavior. Essentially, correlational psychology examined individual differences using factor analytic techniques; whereas experimental psychology attempted to eliminate individual differences using appropriate interventions. Cronbach believed that these two disciplines should join together to promote aptitude-treatment interaction (A Tl) research that would identify effective treatments for certain types of individuals. With this combined approach, different treatments could be prescribed for skilled and less skilled individuals.

The A Tl …

8. New Perspectives In The Analysis Of Abilities, John B. Carroll

The Influence of Cognitive Psychology on Testing

INTRODUCTION

One can understandably be skeptical when a "new perspective" is offered on a topic that has been under scientific examination for a very long time. I am not sure that I have any truly new perspectives , but I entertain the notion that my perspectives have the kind of novelty that will last long enough to permit taking a fresh look at some very old problems and getting new insights into their solution . I'm concerned with several such problems: First, what is an " ability"? How can an ability be defined? This is a problem that I believe …

Complete Work- The Influence Of Cognitive Psychology On Testing, Royce R. Ronning, John A. Glover, Jane C. Conoley, Joseph C. Witt

The Influence of Cognitive Psychology on Testing

The Influence of Cognitive Psychology on Testing

Contents

Foreword ........................ix

1. Introduction: The Implications of Cognitive Psychology for Testing...........1

PART I: THE COGNITIVE-PSYCHOMETRIC CONNECTION

2. Science, Technology, and Intelligence...................11

3. Toward a Cognitive Theory for the Measurement of Achievement ...................41

4. The g Beyond Factor Analysis.........................87

PART II: COGNITIVE APPROACHES TO PSYCHOMETRIC ISSUES: APPLICATIONS

5. The Assessment of Cognitive Factors in Academic Abilities...................145

6. Theoretical Implications from Protocol Analysis on Testing and Measurement...191

PART III: METHODOLOGICAL ISSUES

7. Structure and Process in Cognitive Psychology Using Multidimensional Scaling and Related Techniques..................229

8. New Perspectives in the Analysis of Abilities.....................267

Author Index …

Transcript Of Ambassador Yeutter's Speech To The Brookings Instition's "Conference O~ Building A Canadian-American Fta," February 3, 1987, Clayton K. Yeutter

Clayton K. Yeutter, United States Secretary of Agriculture: Papers

MR. YEUTTER: Thank you, Bruce.- That was a very gracious introduction and much appreciated. I must say to you and your associates and colleagues here at Brookings that you are deserving of commendations and accolades for putting on this kind of program. It is an important issue, and I am very pleased that you and your institution have focused on it.

Pod Network Institutional Members, 1986-1987

Professional and Organizational Development Network in Higher Education: Archives

No abstract provided.

Pod Network Institutional Members, 1986-1987

Professional and Organizational Development Network in Higher Education: Archives

No abstract provided.

Pod Network Membership Directory, March 20, 1987

Professional and Organizational Development Network in Higher Education: Archives

No abstract provided.

The Effects Of Day Care Participation On Parent-Infant Interaction At Home, Carolyn P. Edwards, Mary Ellin Logue, Sandra R. Loehr, Sanford B. Roth

Department of Psychology: Faculty Publications

This study assessed how parents who placed their children in a high-quality infant and toddler program were, over time, influenced by three salient features of the center: its child-centered focus, its social orientation, and its support for men in nurturing roles.

Department Chairperson Behaviors: Enhancing The Growth And Development Of Faculty, Myra S. Wilhite

Department of Agricultural Leadership, Education, and Communication: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research

The major purpose of this study was to identify behaviors used by academic department chairpersons to assist faculty professionally and to describe conditions which affect those behaviors. Descriptive research design was employed in this study with major emphasis on the interview method of data collection and subsequent descriptive analysis. The survey population was 30 academic department chairpersons representing ten of the twelve North Central Region Land-Grant Colleges of Agriculture. Six case studies were presented to demonstrate how chairpersons assist "troubled" faculty. Chairs were convinced that many potential problems could be averted by frequent interaction and continual monitoring of faculty performance. …

Annual Report: 1987

Cherry County (Nebraska) Extension: Historical Documents

Cover Page

Table of Contents

Preface ......................... 1

Planning and Organization ......................... 2-4

Report of Accomplishment

CES Administration and Marketing ......................... 5-6

Ranch and Household Management ......................... 7-8

* A Touchy Subject - Handled Well ......................... 9-10

Economics of Housing, Home Furnishings ......................... 11

Economics of Foods and Nutrition ......................... 12

Home Extension Clubs - Convention ......................... 13-14

* Economic Impact of NCHEC Convention ......................... 15-17

Audience Outreach - 4-H ......................... 18

* Special Kids in 4-H ......................... 19

Integrated Reproductive Management ......................... 20-21

Forage Renovation on Wetlands and Rangelands ......................... 22

Range and Forage Production ......................... 23-24

Livestock Production …

Pod Networking Guide

Professional and Organizational Development Network in Higher Education: Conference Materials

Members by Institution Type (Carnegie Classification) (Information not currently available on Canadian Members):

Research 1&2, Doctoral 1&2, Comprehensive 1&2, Liberal Arts 1&2, Two Year

Members by Geographical Area:

Northeast, Southeast, Northern Midwest, Southern Midwest, West, Canada

1987 Pod Conference Participants

Professional and Organizational Development Network in Higher Education: Conference Materials

Memorandum, by Karron G. Lewis

1987 POD Conference Participants

Program Information

Professional and Organizational Development Network in Higher Education: Conference Materials

Memorandum, by Karron Lewis

Session Descriptions

List of Some Proposed Sessions

12th Annual Conference Program:

POD Anthem

Welcome, by Karron G. Lewis (1987 Conference Coordinator)

Table of Contents

Conference Planning Committee Members

Keynote Address

Some Additional Information

Session Schedule

Session Descriptions

The Confinement Of Juveniles In Nebraska Jails And Lockups, Lorie A. Fridell, Vincent J. Webb

Center for Public Affairs Research (UNO): Publications

Using adult jails and lockups for confining youths is a major issue in juvenile justice. Proponents of removing children from these facilities are concerned with the conditions of confinement, the .ate of suicide among youths held in adult facilities, the excessive use of secure confinement for youths, and the legal liability of jurisdictions that hold juveniles in adult facilities. Nebraska has made significant progress in reducing the number of youths confined in adult jails and lockups, but has yet to pass legislation or develop programs and facilities to complete the task. Policy options for reducing the use of secure confinement …

1. Introduction: The Implications Of Cognitive Psychology For Testing, Royce R. Ronning, Jane C. Conoley, John G. Glover

The Influence of Cognitive Psychology on Testing

The 1985 Buros-Nebraska Symposium was developed to address the broad issue of the influence of cognitive psychology on testing and measurement. In the planning process, four topics were formulated that we asked contributors to address. The following four issues provided the focus for the Symposium and hence for the present volume. We explore:

1. Cognitive psychology as a basis for questioning some of our assumptions about the nature of mental abilities;
2. The influence of cognitive psychology on test development;
3. Cognitive psychology influences on test validity;
4. Cognitive psychology as a means to provide a linkage between testing and …

Author Index- The Influence Of Cognitive Psychology On Testing

The Influence of Cognitive Psychology on Testing

Author Index- 8 pages

A-Z

A

Abrahamsen, A. A., 234, 236, 237, 262, 265
Ackerman, P. L., 29, 37
Agrawal, N., 103, 136
Ahern, S., 121, 136
Ananda, S. M., 135, 136
Anastasi, A., 2, 8, 176, 184
Anderson, J. A., 19,38, 256, 263
Anderson, J. H., 44, 83
Anderson, J. R., 31, 36, 37, 44, 82, 154, 184, 195, 223, 230, 256, 263
Anderson, R., 54, 82
Arabie, P., 230, 231, 232, 241, 242, 245, 246, 247, 251, 253, 263, 264, 266
Arnkoff, D. B., 172, 184
Arnold, J. B., 234, 253, 262, 263
Atkinson, R. c., 135, 136, …

Subject Index- The Influence Of Cognitive Psychology On Testing

The Influence of Cognitive Psychology on Testing

Subject Index- 10 pages

A-Z

A

Ability, see also specific type classes of, Cattell-Horn model and, 15 definition of, 268- 274 exceptional, acquired skill vs., 216-221 fluid and crystallized, correlation of, 96- 97 measurement of, 87-88, 267- 283 cognitive ability factors and, 280- 282 definition s and, 268-274 person characteristic function and, 275-279 task difficulty and, 279-280
Academic abilities, 145-183 cognitive strategies and, 150-152 control processes and, 149-150 declarative knowledge and, 146- 148 factors in, 146 in mathematics, 175-179 metacognition and, 152- 153 procedural knowledge and, 148-149 in reading, 153-162, see also Reading in science, 179- 182 in writing, 163-175, …

The Manuscript Of Daniel Deronda: A Change In Sequence?, Graham Handley

The George Eliot Review Online, ISSN: 2831-5375

The examination of a great writer's manuscript carries its own fascinations and frustrations, for eyes and mind are intent on discovery, with might-have-been replacing is at the blink of an eyelid. Deletions hide something of significance, single-word alterations are evidence of a change of mind (or of heart), and commonplaces are elevated by a single deft stroke or slant into transcendent maxims or inscrutable morality. Re-shaped sentences take on a greater profundity of thought, while paragraphs collated with the first printing or a later corrected one, show either the wisdom of reflection or the author's obstinacy, depending on the reader's …