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Predator Problems When Using Sheep And Goats In Managing Brush On Rangelands, James E. Bowns Feb 1982

Predator Problems When Using Sheep And Goats In Managing Brush On Rangelands, James E. Bowns

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 10th (1982)

Rangelands occupy a large portion of the western United States and the world. Grazing by ruminant animals provides the only means of obtaining usable products from these lands. Sheep and goats are more efficient producers, better adapted to many ranges, and are useful in controlling or manipulating shrubs and other undesirable vegetation which results in improved range conditions and increased water yields. There has been a general decline in sheep and goat numbers and a shift toward cattle. Predation has been a major factor in the abandonment of many sheep and goat operations and the shift to other livestock. A …

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Conference Participants Feb 1982

Conference Participants

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 10th (1982)

The Conference was the largest ever with a total of 479 registered attendees. The participants came from 31 states, the District of Columbia, and 15 other countries: Australia, Canada, Bangladesh, Egypt, Japan, Jordan, Kenya, Nigeria, Philippines, Senegal, Somalia, Sudan, Taiwan, United Kingdom, and Zimbabwe. The wide representation from the United States and from countries throughout the world contributed to the success of the Conference by providing a highly diversified group for the exchange of ideas and information.

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Rodent Problems Relative To Mechanical Harvesting, A. Charles Crabb, Ronald L. Riddle Feb 1982

Rodent Problems Relative To Mechanical Harvesting, A. Charles Crabb, Ronald L. Riddle

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 10th (1982)

As the number of crops that are mechanically harvested increases, the reports of rodent problems associated with those crops increase also. This report examines the rodent problems in mechanically harvested tomatoes and reports on work done in studying the effects of various border crops on rodent populations. It also looks at possible rodent management options available to growers of mechanically harvested crops.

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Pulsed Baiting —A New Technique For High Potency, Slow Acting Rodenticides, Adrian C. Dubock Feb 1982

Pulsed Baiting —A New Technique For High Potency, Slow Acting Rodenticides, Adrian C. Dubock

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 10th (1982)

The disadvantages of the acute, fast-acting, rodenticides are well understood by the specialist. However, despite poison-shyness and consequent short-lived, low efficacy rodent control, many users prefer "acutes" such as zinc phosphide to "first-generation" anticoagulants of the warfarin type. The techniques necessary for efficient use of the first-generation anticoagulants are often inappropriate, particularly in agriculture. High labour and bait inputs required are unacceptable and are, together with the need for area coordinated control programs, significantly responsible for lack of widespread use of anticoagulants, even in those countries with a long history both of disastrous rodent damage to crops and rodent damage …

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Alpha-Chlorohydrin (Epibloc®): A Toxicant-Sterilant As An Alternative In Rodent Control, Ronald J. Ericsson Feb 1982

Alpha-Chlorohydrin (Epibloc®): A Toxicant-Sterilant As An Alternative In Rodent Control, Ronald J. Ericsson

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 10th (1982)

Alpha-chlorohydrin (EPIBLOC) introduces a new form of rodenticide - the toxicant-sterilant. EPIBLOC, as a pest control product registered and used in some countries, changes the concept of chemosterilants from theoretical to practical. The active ingredient also acts as an acute toxicant in the control of rodents. It is effective on both sexes and all age groups. Alpha-chlorohydrin is rapidly absorbed and metabolized; therefore, it is neither a secondary toxicant nor a cumulative toxicant. Another unique biological characteristic of this compound is its species specificity with regards to male sterility. First, only sexually mature males are rendered sterile through the development …

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Bird Limes And Rat Glues—Sticky Situations, William D. Fitzwater Feb 1982

Bird Limes And Rat Glues—Sticky Situations, William D. Fitzwater

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 10th (1982)

In antiquity, sticky materials were widely used for catching small birds for food and sport, but this practice is now illegal in most industrial nations. The most widespread use of sticky materials is in "glueboards" to catch rats and particularly mice. Their popularity has increased with the negative public attitude towards use of pesticide chemicals. Early materials were made from latex and gums of many trees, but current ones also use industrial chemicals like Polyethylenes and polybutenes. They have most of the advantages of traps but have some disadvantages. Their use may be limited by temperature, moisture, dust, vapors, etc. …

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Commensal Rats: A Threat To Poultry Production In Nigeria, Oluwadare Funmilayo Feb 1982

Commensal Rats: A Threat To Poultry Production In Nigeria, Oluwadare Funmilayo

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 10th (1982)

Rats are now found in the majority of poultry houses in Nigeria. They usually inhabit roofs, interior of cupboards, electrical and gas appliances, holes in the soil and in walls and rubbish dumps. Extensive rat trapping yielded only two species, the cosmopolitan roof/ship rat (Rattus rattus) and the multimammate rat (Mastomys natalensis). The most outstanding types of damage, resulting in much economic loss, were the killing of chicks by decapitation and the infliction of deep wounds on adult birds. Breaking of eggs became a serious problem in a few cases. Damage to containers, bags and feed consumption was usually of …

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The Cliff Swallow—Biology And Control, W. Paul Gorenzel, Terrell P. Salmon Feb 1982

The Cliff Swallow—Biology And Control, W. Paul Gorenzel, Terrell P. Salmon

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 10th (1982)

Cliff swallows (Petrochelidon pyrrhonota) nesting in colonies on man-made structures can cause aesthetic problems and health hazards. Cliff swallows are migratory, wintering in South America and breeding throughout most of North America. Cliff swallows have a homing tendency to old colonies and are attracted to the gourd-shaped mud nests. Egg laying begins before nest construction is finished; clutch size averages 3 or 4 eggs. Re-nesting is common if a nest fails and some pairs may raise 2 broods in 1 nesting season. Cliff swallows may be present at a colony for up to 132 days. Cliff swallows are protected by …

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A Tiger Problem In India, Walter E. Howard Feb 1982

A Tiger Problem In India, Walter E. Howard

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 10th (1982)

During the past decade, India has done wonders in re-establishing populations of rare and threatened wildlife. Project Tiger, initiated in 1973, has stimulated a successful conservation movement in India. But tigers, like all animals, do not recognize man's property lines and, as populations increase in the forest reserves, more and more tigers forage outside of the parks, killing livestock and people. The current methods and regulations of dealing with troublesome tigers (and elephants) that stray from the sanctuaries due to overpopulation social pressures, lack of food, old age, or other reasons may soon become inadequate as the value of human …

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Twentieth Anniversary Of Vertebrate Pest Conferences In California, Walter E. Howard Feb 1982

Twentieth Anniversary Of Vertebrate Pest Conferences In California, Walter E. Howard

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 10th (1982)

It is difficult for some of us to realize that the Vertebrate Pest Conferences in California were started 20 years ago. We have come a long way since the first one in Sacramento in 1962 to the very successful 3-day Tenth Vertebrate Pest Conference (VPC) opened by Chairperson Rex E. Marsh on 23 February 1982, in Monterey, California. When closing the Tenth Conference, incoming Chairperson for the 1984 VPC, Dell 0. Clark, pointed out that there were easily 550 people in attendance from 31 states, District of Columbia, and 15 foreign countries.

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The Urban Coyote Problem In Los Angeles County, Robert G. Howell Feb 1982

The Urban Coyote Problem In Los Angeles County, Robert G. Howell

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 10th (1982)

Extensive, urban development of hillside areas in Los Angeles County has created an undesirable human interface with coyotes (Canis latrans). Plentiful, readily available household garbage, pet foods, and water have spawned abnormal numbers of bold coyotes that have adopted residential properties and the human environment as ideal habitat. Consequently, at least six persons have been attacked, including the death of a three-year old child, during the past three years. Selective use of padded steel traps, shooting, and public education are presently being used in problem areas by the Agricultural Commissioner in an attempt to reindoctrinate these predators into returning to …

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Proceedings Tenth Vertebrate Pest Conference, Feb 1982

Proceedings Tenth Vertebrate Pest Conference,

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 10th (1982)

VERTEBRATE PEST COUNCIL 1982
EXECUTIVE BOARD
CONFERENCE COMMITTEES
SESSION CHAIRPERSONS
CONFERENCE ASSISTANTS
CHAIRPERSONS OF PREVIOUS CONFERENCES
CONTENTS

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Problem Vertebrate Management In Zimbabwe, Mike J. F. Jarvis, Mike La Grange Feb 1982

Problem Vertebrate Management In Zimbabwe, Mike J. F. Jarvis, Mike La Grange

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 10th (1982)

Zimbabwe is the second largest agricultural producer in Africa and is responsible for the regional food security plan of the Southern Africa Coordination Conference member countries (SADCC). Problem vertebrate management and research is an important function of the Department of National Parks and Wildlife Management, which is also responsible for conservation of natural resources in national parks. The country still contains large populations of wildlife species that at times conflict with man and his agricultural interests. Problem vertebrates and methods of control are briefly outlined.

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A Review Of The Secondary Poisoning Hazard Potential To Wildlife From The Use Of Anticoagulant Rodenticides, Dale Kaukeinen Feb 1982

A Review Of The Secondary Poisoning Hazard Potential To Wildlife From The Use Of Anticoagulant Rodenticides, Dale Kaukeinen

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 10th (1982)

The utility and characteristics of the family of anticoagulant rodenticides are reviewed, including the new members difenacoum, bromadiolone and brodifacoum. General considerations are given in investigating the likelihood of nontarget poisoning with rodenticides. The literature dealing with secondary poisoning studies and concerns with the use of anticoagulant rodenticides is reviewed. The utility of laboratory toxicity data versus field-generated exposure data is compared. Considerations of secondary poisoning by anticoagulants are reviewed as regards parameters such as specific predator-prey systems, biotopes, rodenticide use patterns, and risk-benefit assessments. Finally, examples of appropriate field studies proposed to assess specific secondary poisoning risk situations associated …

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Monofluoroacetic Acid (Compound 1080), Its Pharmacology And Toxicology, Ernest Kun Feb 1982

Monofluoroacetic Acid (Compound 1080), Its Pharmacology And Toxicology, Ernest Kun

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 10th (1982)

The molecular mechanism of toxic action of fluoroacetate is analyzed in the perspective of scientific developments of the past 30 years. Stereospecific enzymatic conversion of fluoroacetate via fluoroacetyl –CoA + Oxalacetate to (-)-erythrofluorocitrate in mitochondria is the metabolic pathway that converts the nontoxic fluoroacetate to the toxic intra-cellular effector molecule. The mode of toxic effect of (-)-erythrofluorocitrate cannot be equated with its reversible inhibitory effect on a mitochondrial enzyme (aconitase) as had been originally thought by Peters (1963) and is still propagated in textbooks. Instead, the chemical modifications of inner mitochondrial membrane proteins by (-)-erythrofluorocitrate, comprising a novel, as yet …

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Solving Tree Squirrel Debarking Problems In Taiwan—A Review, Pao-Chang Kuo Feb 1982

Solving Tree Squirrel Debarking Problems In Taiwan—A Review, Pao-Chang Kuo

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 10th (1982)

Extensive forest conversion of the low-valued natural hardwood forest into coniferous plantations is the possible cause of the critical problem of squirrel debarking. The tree squirrel that causes the major damage is the red-bellied tree squirrel (Callosciurus erythraeus). Conifers are more susceptible to the damage than are hardwood species, especially the exotics. Intermediate-aged plantations appear to have the highest debarking. More damage occurs in the spring than the other seasons. The lower part of the trunk is more heavily debarked than the upper. Debarking is progressively upward to the crown as the tree grows older. Home range, food habit and …

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A New System For Delivery Of Predacides Or Other Active Ingredients For Coyote Management, Rex E. Marsh, Walter E. Howard, Sheila M. Mckenna, Barbara Butler, Douglas A. Barnum, Roy Teranishi Feb 1982

A New System For Delivery Of Predacides Or Other Active Ingredients For Coyote Management, Rex E. Marsh, Walter E. Howard, Sheila M. Mckenna, Barbara Butler, Douglas A. Barnum, Roy Teranishi

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 10th (1982)

Preliminary trials suggest that the delivery system or unit described may prove to be a highly selective and effective system for delivering drugs or chemicals to coyotes. The goose egg-size unit's selectivity and effectiveness relies heavily on a newly developed synthetic olfactory coyote lure based on trimethylammonium decanoate (TMAD). The coyote is attracted to the unit, which is placed at ground level, by this highly selective scent lure which elicits a biting and chewing behavior. When a coyote bites or chews the exposed part of the unit, it punctures a plastic reservoir packet containing 10 to 15 ml of viscous …

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Opening Remarks—The Conference’S Educational Mission In Vertebrate Pest Control, Rex E. Marsh Feb 1982

Opening Remarks—The Conference’S Educational Mission In Vertebrate Pest Control, Rex E. Marsh

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 10th (1982)

Welcome to the Tenth Vertebrate Pest Conference. It has been 20 years since the First Vertebrate Pest Control Conference was held (Sacramento, California, 1962). The conference objectives which prevailed at the first conference have not changed. Our goal today continues to be the advancement of technology by an exchange and discussion of information on vertebrate pests and their control. The overall objective is education. The conference has grown from a local or state meeting into a national and international conference, from a 2-day to a 3-day event. In attendance it has grown from 268 at the first to what we …

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Pigeon Control: An Integrated Approach, Colleen M. Martin, Lee R. Martin Feb 1982

Pigeon Control: An Integrated Approach, Colleen M. Martin, Lee R. Martin

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 10th (1982)

Reducing a pigeon population to a tolerable or minimal impact level is a subject about which one can find much antiquated and impractical information. Most technical literature reports on the biology of pigeons and associated disease factors. The intention of this paper is to describe the practical application of large-scale pigeon population reduction programs that have been at least 90% effective in 45 out of 46 cases over the past four years. Human relations, exclusion, trapping, toxic perches and Avitrol are discussed.

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The Role Of Usda In Animal Damage Control, James E. Miller Feb 1982

The Role Of Usda In Animal Damage Control, James E. Miller

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 10th (1982)

The impact of vertebrate animal damage on agricultural production of row crops, forests, horticulture, poultry and livestock production, other wildlife, health of humans and domestic animals, and the protection of human interests is a vital concern of the U.S. Department of Agriculture. The Department recognizes that it is an old and complex problem that does not lend itself to easy answers. Animal damage problems will continue to be a significant concern of USDA and will probably always be controversial, requiring intensive research, educational, regulatory, and assistance programs. The objectives of the Department are to develop and maintain viable programs in …

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California Registration Procedures Relative To Vertebrate Pesticides, Jon H. Shelgren Feb 1982

California Registration Procedures Relative To Vertebrate Pesticides, Jon H. Shelgren

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 10th (1982)

I am very happy to be here today and to have the opportunity to talk to you about the Department of Food and Agriculture, with particular emphasis on the Department's role in registering pesticides and how this relates to Federal registration. My comments will address all pesticides including vertebrate pesticides. Under the Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA), the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has broad and flexible authority. The FIFRA is a comprehensive regulatory statute and under it the EPA determines the pesticides that may be registered and for what uses. New chemicals, new uses of established products, new …

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The Use Of Fences For Predator Damage Control, Dale A. Wade Feb 1982

The Use Of Fences For Predator Damage Control, Dale A. Wade

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 10th (1982)

The development of exclusion fencing has been extensive in Australia in attempts to reduce losses of crops and livestock to rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus), dingos (Canis familiaris Var. dingo) and other species. Restrictions on other damage control methods have led to increased efforts in the United States to utilize such fences for protection of crops and livestock from dogs (Canis familiaris), coyotes (Canis latrans) and other species. Electric fences have occasionally been used to protect apiaries from black bears (Ursus americanus) and to protect some wildlife species from carnivores. Varied fence types include conventional net-wire or combinations of net and barbed …

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Green Chopped Bait For The Control Of The Oregon Ground Squirrel, Kenneth W. Wright Feb 1982

Green Chopped Bait For The Control Of The Oregon Ground Squirrel, Kenneth W. Wright

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 10th (1982)

In 1972 at the Fifth Vertebrate Pest Conference, my predecessor, Loring White, described "The Adaptation to a Changing Environment of the Oregon Ground Squirrel." Today, ten years later, I will bring you up-to-date on what we are doing to control this persistent ground squirrel to a point where we can keep our farming operations going in spite of this pest. Bait-shyness or poor bait acceptance has forced us to use a green bait. For efficiency, aircraft broadcasting has become the common method of application. So that you might have a better perspective of our ground squirrel operations, I will illustrate …

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Bird Problems And Their Solutions In Britain, Ernest N. Wright Feb 1982

Bird Problems And Their Solutions In Britain, Ernest N. Wright

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 10th (1982)

The background and organization of research on bird pests in Britain are described and the main projects are outlined. Work is currently concentrated on bullfinches, starlings, rooks and woodpigeons together with behavioral studies aimed at developing better bird scarers.

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Vertebrate Pest Management And Changing Times, Donald A. Spencer Feb 1982

Vertebrate Pest Management And Changing Times, Donald A. Spencer

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 10th (1982)

Everywhere one turns today there are problems. The gristmills of doom and disaster are experiencing a heyday marketing this situation as one of crisis and extinction. An advantage of being an oldster in this society is that one has the perspective to recognize that these are only problems, some simple, some complex, presenting a challenge for solution to all who will lay aside their emotions and face reality. In presenting this overview of vertebrate pest management programs, I find I must dwell too frequently on "problems." This should not be interpreted as a pessimistic outlook. Sound data with professional guidance …

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Dispersal And Some Implications For Control Of The California Ground Squirrel, Dennis C. Stroud Feb 1982

Dispersal And Some Implications For Control Of The California Ground Squirrel, Dennis C. Stroud

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 10th (1982)

Data from current research and from the literature indicate that a knowledge of dispersal of the California ground squirrel can help to develop control strategy. An understanding of the rate and extent of dispersal may help reduce poor results due to patchy control. A knowledge of dispersal distance can help to determine the size of a buffer zone of control which may reduce the rate of reinvasion. The seasonal timing of dispersal is predictable in the California ground squirrel, and this can help to establish follow-up control.

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Review Of Atoms And Molecules By M. Weissbluth, Anthony F. Starace Feb 1982

Review Of Atoms And Molecules By M. Weissbluth, Anthony F. Starace

Anthony F. Starace Publications

The advent of high-powered lasers and of dedicated synchrotron light sources and the needs of research in such areas as astrophysics and fusion have led to a resurgence of interest in atomic and molecular physics. Concurrently, there have been significant advances in atomic and molecular theory, not only in the ability to make more reliable numerical predictions but also in the detailed understanding of the dynamics of atomic and molecular collisions. The nonspecialist or beginning graduate student who must read the scientific journals to learn of these advances often finds that the requisite basic knowledge is extensive. Mitchel Weissbluth, whose …

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American Oryctini: Strategus Verrilli Ratcliffe Rediscovered And Described, And New Records And Comments For Other Strategus And Hispanioryctes (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Dynastinae), Brett C. Ratcliffe Feb 1982

American Oryctini: Strategus Verrilli Ratcliffe Rediscovered And Described, And New Records And Comments For Other Strategus And Hispanioryctes (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Dynastinae), Brett C. Ratcliffe

University of Nebraska State Museum: Entomology Papers

Strategus verrilli Ratcliffe was rediscovered on Dominica and is here redescribed, and a neotype is designated. A second specimen of Strategus craigi Ratcliffe (from the Huachuca mountains in Arizona) is reported and provides a new country record for this species. A female of S. ajax (Olivier) is reported from the Bahamas. Strategus monguilloni Voirin is reaffirmed as a synonym of S. mandibularis Sternberg, and the correct identification of the female allotype of S. gracilis Endrodi is questioned. Hispanioryctes wittmeri Howden and EndrCidi is reported from Haiti.

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Whooper Recount: A Close Look At These Endangered Cranes Reveals That, While Their Numbers Are Increasing, Their Rate Of Increase Is Actually Declining, Paul A. Johnsgard Feb 1982

Whooper Recount: A Close Look At These Endangered Cranes Reveals That, While Their Numbers Are Increasing, Their Rate Of Increase Is Actually Declining, Paul A. Johnsgard

Papers in Ornithology

I have assembled figures for the 43-year period from 1938 through 1980, and have subjected them to various kinds of analysis. During this period, 220 young and 1,437 postjuvenile birds have appeared on the wintering grounds. This works out to an annual recruitment rate of 13.3 percent. (This is not exactly the same as the birthrate, of course, since the loss of eggs, chicks, and juveniles prior to arrival at Aransas is excluded.) The recruitment rate provides an estimate of the rate of maximum annual population increase. One hundred fifty-four birds that had been counted in any given year failed …

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Agricultural Experiment Station News February 1982 Feb 1982

Agricultural Experiment Station News February 1982

Agricultural Research Division: News and Annual Reports

CONTENTS:
FROM THE DIRECTOR'S DESK
PROFESSIONAL COURTESY
SAHS SEZ
SANDHILLS TASK FORCE FORMED
GRANTS AND CONTRACTS
COMPETITIVE AND SPECIAL GRANTS
New Experiment Station Personnel
NEBRASKA AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION PUBLICATIONS - January 1982
Journal Abstracts - Submitted for Publication
BULLETINS PRINTED

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