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Patterns Of Resource Use By A Drosophilid (Diptera) Leaf Miner On A Native Crucifer, S. K. Collinge, Svata M. Louda

School of Biological Sciences: Faculty Publications

Distribution and damage of Scaptomyza nigrita Wheeler on its host (bittercress, Cardamine cordifolia A. Gray), a native perennial crucifer, were examined over two growing seasons in relation to leaf position. Concentrations of defensive compounds (glucosinolates) and of nutritive compounds (total nitrogen, free amino acids, soluble carbohydrates) were also examined. The fly-host plant relationship was studied in sun and shade habitats at two sites. Oviposition and leaf-mining damage were concentrated on the lower central leaves of a stem in both habitats. These mature leaves have lower glucosinolate concentrations than new leaves. Adult densities and larval feeding damage were consistently and significantly …

Continuous, On-Line Dna Sequencing Using Oligodeoxynucleotide Primers With Multiple Fluorophores, John A. Brumbaugh, Lyle R. Middendorf, Daniel L. Grone, J. L. Ruth

School of Biological Sciences: Faculty Publications

A method for sequencing DNA by using a difluoresceinated primer and laser excitation is described. Dideoxy protocols have been determined that provide sequences for 600 bases starting with base 1 with <1% error in a single load. Electrophoresis is at 20 W and the bands are detected 24 cm from the bottom of the loading well with a scanning fluorescence detector. Bands are imaged on a TV screen in two dimensions. The sequences can be read from the TV screen manually or semiautomatically by using a simple software program. The system allows more bases to be read with a lower error rate than any other reported automated sequencing method.

Extremely Large And Slowly Processed Precursors To The Euglena Light-Harvesting Chlorophyll A/B Binding Proteins Of Photosystem Ii, Arnon Rikin, Steven D. Schwartzbach

School of Biological Sciences: Faculty Publications

Antibody to the Euglena light-harvesting chlorophyll a/b binding protein of photosystem II (LHCPII) immunoprecipitated 207-, 161-, 122-, and 110-kDa proteins from total Euglena proteins pulse-labeled for 10 min with [₃₅S]sulfate. The 25.6- and 27.2-kDa LHCPII were barely detectable in the immunoprecipitate. During a 40-min chase with unlabeled sulfate, the amount of radioactivity in the high molecular mass proteins decreased, and the amount of radioactivity in the 25.6- and 27.2-kDa LHCPII increased with kinetics consistent with a precursor-product relationship. The half-life of the high molecular mass proteins was ≈20 min. The major proteins immunoprecipitated from a nuclease-treated rabbit reticulocyte …

Can We Guarantee The Safety Of Genetically Engineered Organisms In The Environment?, Kathleen H. Keeler, Frances E. Sharples

School of Biological Sciences: Faculty Publications

Can we guarantee the safety of genetically engineered organisms in the environment? To anticipate my remarks, the answer to the title question is “No, we cannot guarantee the safety of genetically engineered organisms released into the environment.” Indeed, it is a tenet of the scientific method that nothing can be proved, only disproved. Thus, we can never show that a release will be safe. We could only show that it would be unsafe, if that were the case. However, if the question is posed differently, for example, can we safely release genetically engineered organisms into the environment?, the answer is …

Effect Of Biotin Limitation On The Conversion Of Xylose To Ethanol And Xylitol By Pachysolen Tannophilus And Candida Guilliermondii, Hung Lee, Audrey L. Atkin, Maria F.S. Barbosa, Delbert R. Dorscheid, Henry Schneider

School of Biological Sciences: Faculty Publications

The relative amount of ethanol and xylitol accumulated in aerobic batch cultures of Pachysolen tannophilus and Candida guilliermondii on D-xylose depended on the extent of limitation by biotin. In high biotin media P. tannophilus favored ethanol production over that of xylitol while C. guilliermondii favored xylitol formation. However, as the extent of biotin limitation increased, the ratio of ethanol to xylitol produced by both organisms increased. The results are of interest in efforts to control such ratios.

Diet Choices Of Blue Jays (Cyanocitta Cristata) As A Function Of Time Spent Foraging, Sonja I. Yoerg, Alan C. Kamil

Papers in Behavior in Biological Sciences

Optimal diet theory predicts choices among prey types. With sequential prey encounters, less profitable prey types may be rejected immediately because rejecting the prey item at hand increases the probability of encountering more profitable types. However, Lucas (1985) argued that at the end of a foraging bout, all encountered prey types should be accepted because the opportunity to encounter more profitable types is limited. We tested Lucas’s prediction in a simulation, allowing blue jays to hunt for two moth types differing in profitability. During the last min of both 10- and 20-min foraging bouts, the less profitable type was attacked …

Cupular Structure In Paleotropical Castanopsis (Fagaceae), Robert B. Kaul

School of Biological Sciences: Faculty Publications

The structure and some developmental aspects of the cupules of 22 species of paleotropical Castanopsis are discussed and illustrated. Some species have cupules massively invested with strong, sharp spines, but others are less spiny, and some are nearly smooth. Most cupular armament results from spines produced axillary to the valvular scales and basally adnate to them. Columns of scales straddling the sutures between the cupular valves do not become spines, but the numerous scales elsewhere on the valves become somewhat spiny with age. Dehiscence in the spiny-valved species is mostly along the sutures. The smooth cupules of some species have …

North American Owls: Biology And Natural History, Paul A. Johnsgard

Paul Johnsgard Collection

Foreword by Robert W. Nero 9
Preface 11

Comparative Biology of Owls 15
Evolution and Classification of North American Owls 17
Comparative Ecology and Distribution 25
Comparative Morphology and Physiology 37
Comparative Behavior 55
Comparative Reproductive Biology 71
Owls in Myth and Legend 85

Natural Histories of North American Owls

Family Tytonidae 95
Common Barn-owl

Family Strigidae 105
Flammulated Owl
Eastern Screech-owl
Western Screech-owl
Whiskered Screech-owl
Great Horned Owl
Snowy Owl
Northern Hawk-owl
Northern Pygmy-owl
Ferruginous Pygmy-owl
Elf Owl
Burrowing Owl
Spotted Owl
Barred Owl
Great Gray Owl
Long-eared Owl
Short-eared Owl
Boreal Owl
Northern Saw-whet Owl

Key to Genera …

Sensitivity To Ingested Sulfites, Steve L. Taylor, Julie A. Nordlee

Department of Food Science and Technology: Faculty Publications

Sulfiting agents, including sodium and potassium bisulfite, sodium and potassium metabisulfite, sodium sulfite, and sulfur dioxide, have enjoyed widespread use as food and drug ingredients. The oral ingestion of these sulfiting agents is now known to trigger asthma in a small subset of the asthmatic population. The best evidence suggests that perhaps 150,000 to 200,000 individuals in the United States may be sulfite sensitive. Although the mechanism of sulfite-induced asthma remains unknown, several possibilities have been considered, including inhalation of sulfur dioxide (SO₂) while swallowing, an IgE-mediated reaction, and a deficiency of sulfite oxidase leading to impaired sulfite …

Radiobiological Modeling Based On Track Structure, Robert Katz

Robert Katz Publications

Since the interaction of beams of charged particles with targets in physics is customarily based on beam fluence and interaction cross section we have chosen the same logical structure for our radiobiological model.

Proceeding from simple to complex systems we have first constructed and verified a track structure model of observable tracks in nuclear emulsions, then of dry enzymes and viruses, of scintillation counters, of TLD’s, of the Fricke dosimeter as prerequisite to the construction of a valid radiobiological model.

For this model we require 1) knowledge of the average radial distribution of local dose about the path of an …

Dna Sequencing, Lyle R. Middendorf, John A. Brumbaugh

School of Biological Sciences: Faculty Publications

To sequence long strands of DNA, cloned strands having lengths longer than 100 bases are, in one embodiment, marked on one end with biotin. These strands are divided into 4 aliquots and each aliquot: (1) is uniquely chemically treated to randomly terminate the strands at the non-biotinylated end at a selected type of base; and (2) is moved continuously by electrophoresis through a different one of four identical channels. In the one embodiment, the strands are randomly terminated at a selected base type and they are moved into avidin, which due to high affinity, combines with the biotin marked ends …

Mitochondrial Dna Polymorphism In Three Antillean Island Populations Of The Fruit Bat, Artibeus Jamaicensis, Dorothy E. Pumo, Everett Z. Goldin, Beth Elliot, Carleton J. Phillips, Hugh H. Genoways

University of Nebraska State Museum: Mammalogy Papers

The Neotropical fruit bat, Artibeus jamaicensis, occurs throughout Latin America and on many islands in the Caribbean. Populations from Jamaica (in the Greater Antilles) to Barbados (in the Lesser Antilles) have been classified as a subspecies (A. j. jamaicensisi separate from that on the Lesser Antillean island of St. Vincent (A. j. schwartzi). Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) was isolated from 54 individuals collected on these islands, analyzed by digestion with restriction endonucleases, and the restriction sites were mapped. Three different mtDNA genotypes (16,000 ± 200 bp) were identified: J-1 (16 animals from Jamaica, one from St. Vincent, …

Description Of Gracilacus Harnicaudata Sp. N. (Nemata : Criconematidae) With Biological And Histopathological Observations, Ignacio Cid Del Prado Vera, Armand R. Maggenti

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

Obese criconematid females and larvae forming colonies were detected under the root cortex attached to the vascular cylinder of redwood roots, Sequoia sempervirens (D. Don) Endl. These specimens have been determined to represent a new species of Criconematidae, Grmilacus lzanzicaudata sp. n. Mature females are obese at midbody but posteriorly the body is constricted and hooked shaped with a rounded tail terminus. Annuli are conspicuous only anteriorly and posteriorly. The cephalic region has four submedian lobes and a circular oral disc. The vulval-lips protrude and the lateral field is marked with four lines. Eggs are partially embedded in a mucoid-like …

Key To Acanthocephala Reported In Waterfowl, Malcolm Edwin Mcdonald,

United States Fish and Wildlife Service: Publications

This is the third part of a continuing series on helminths reported in waterfowl (McDonald 1974, 1981). Coots and moorhens (in Family Rallidae, Order Gruiformes) are included with the Anatidae of Anseriformes. The goal of these studies is complete coverage of waterfowl helminths of the world, although the original incentive-inadequate knowledge of the parasites of North American waterfowl- is less true now. World coverage is desirable because the world distribution of the family, tribes, and even many species of waterfowl often results in world distribution of parasites. The format of this key follows that of the others in the series: …

Suggestions Regarding Alcoholic Bird Collections, Peter F. Cannell, Murray R. Bakst, Cheryl S. Asa

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

One third of the known species of birds are unrepresented in alcoholic collections and nearly 70% of the rest are represented by 10 or fewer specimens (Wood et al. 1982, Zusi et al. 1982). Simply put, "existing anatomical specimens do not meet present and future research needs and . .. the situation must be corrected" (Jenkinson and Wood 1985:587). Actually, current alcoholic specimen resources may be even worse than indicated by Wood et al. (1982), despite commendable recent improvements. Here, we argue the urgent need for additional alcoholic specimens, stressing in particular quality of fixation, the importance of series, documentation …

Pheasants: Symptoms Of Wildlife Problems On Agricultural Lands: Proceedings Of A Symposium Held At The 49th Midwest Fish And Wildlife Conference (Milwaukee, Wisconsin: December 8, 1987), Diana L. Hallett, William R. Edwards, George V. Burger

Galliformes Specialist Group and Affiliated Societies: Conference Proceedings

100 years of ringnecks: An historical perspective on pheasants in North America, George V. Burger

Distribution and abundance of the ring-necked pheasant in North America, Robert B. Dahlgren

Federal pheasants-Impact of federal agricultural programs on pheasant habitat, 1934-1985, Alfred H. Berner

Wildlife ppportunities within federal agricultural programs, Stephen J. Brady and Rex Hamilton

The dynamics of pheasant Abundance During the transition of intensive row-cropping in Illinois, Stanley L. Etter, Richard E. Warner, G. Blair Joselyn, and John E. Warnock

Habitat management: How well do we recognize the pheasant facts of life? Richard E. Warner

A population model as an aid …

Late Pleistocene Pronghorn, Antilocapra Americana, From Natural Trap Cave, Wyoming, John Chorn, Barbara A. Frase, Carl D. Frailey

Transactions of the Nebraska Academy of Sciences and Affiliated Societies

Natural Trap Cave, Wyoming, has yielded one of the more reliable records of Antilocapra from the Late Pleistocene of North America. Generic assignment is based on horn cores from two individuals, with a minimum of 13 individuals represented by other elements. Morphometric analysis of postcranial material indicates that this form is indistinguishable from the living A. americana. Fossils were recovered from a stratum dated at 17,000-20,000 yr BP. Presence of Antilocapra at other sites is probably over-reported. Secure records based on horn cores are known from only two other sites. Antilocapra americana may have been the preferred prey of …

A Water-Quality Assessment Using Aquatic Macroinvertebrates From Streams Of The Long Pine Creek Watershed In Brown County, Nebraska, Terry R. Maret

Transactions of the Nebraska Academy of Sciences and Affiliated Societies

The macro invertebrate communities of Long Pine and Bone creeks were assessed between July, 1979, and October, 1982, as part of a water-quality monitoring program of the Long Pine watershed. At least 125 and 90 taxa were collected from Long Pine and Bone creeks, respectively. Data were summarized for the six collection sites by density, taxonomic composition, and species diversity. A biotic index, modified for Nebraska waters, was used to describe the biological integrity of streams sampled. The findings are discussed in relation to observed water-quality degradation and land-use practices. Analysis showed a slight trend of impaired water quality from …

Saber-Toothed Cats From The Plio-Pleistocene Of Nebraska, Larry D. Martin, C. B. Schultz, M. R. Schultz

Transactions of the Nebraska Academy of Sciences and Affiliated Societies

Dinobastis is reported from the late Pleistocene of Nebraska, and Smilodon from the middle through the late Pleistocene. lschyrosmilus is a synonym of Homotherium, but Dinobastis is not. lschyrosmilus should not be confused with "Smilodon" gracilis, which is considered an advanced species of Megantereon.

New And Corrected Floristic Records For Nebraska, Steven B. Rolfsmeier, Robert B. Kaul, Marjorie M. Garabrandt, David M. Sutherland

Transactions of the Nebraska Academy of Sciences and Affiliated Societies

New distributional data are given for 54 species of vascular plants in Nebraska. Twenty are newly recorded for the State. 23 are shown to be more widespread than was previously known, seven are shown to have more restricted ranges than previously reported. the records of one species attributed to the State are shown to be based on misidentifications. and the presence in the State of three species collected long ago is confirmed by recent collections.

Seed-Germination Studies Of Psoralea Esculenta Pursh (Indian Turnip) And Psoralea Argophylla Pursh (Silver Scurfpea), Linda L. Spessard

Transactions of the Nebraska Academy of Sciences and Affiliated Societies

Seed germination of Psoralea esculenta Pursh and Psoralea argophylla Pursh was investigated using treatments involving scarification and gibberellic acid. The percentage of germination in the treatment using scarification was much higher than when using gibberellic acid.

The Giant Marmot Paenemarmota Sawrockensis (New Combination) In Hemphillian Deposits Of Northeastern Nebraska, M. R. Voorhies

Transactions of the Nebraska Academy of Sciences and Affiliated Societies

Lower dentitions essentially identical to the holotype of Marmota sawrockensis Hibbard, 1964, are described from the Santee and Devils Nest Airstrip local faunas (very late Hemphillian) in Knox County, Nebraska. These, along with newly-collected upper cheekteetb (previously unknown for tbis taxon), show that the species should be transferred to the genus Paenemarmota Hibbard and Schultz, 1948. P. sawrockensis appears to be structurally intermediate between ?Marmota nevadensis of the early Hemphillian and P. barbouri, a latest Hemphillian and Blancan species.

Habitat Utilization By An Introduced Fish, Gambusia Affinis, In Nebraska (Actinopterygii: Poeciliidae), John D. Lynch

Transactions of the Nebraska Academy of Sciences and Affiliated Societies

Mosquito-fish (Gambusia affinis) were introduced into Nebraska in 1972, and by 1987 had become well-established in two major rivers (Platte and Republican). In Nebraska, these fishes occupy lentic habitats (mostly sandpits and marshes into which they were usually introduced). but they also are abundant in lotic habitats (mostly in major rivers), where they primarily occur in shallow waters having low currents, habitats they invaded following escape from "cultivation." In these lotic microhabitats, they have the potential to achieve high population densities and to severely exploit such resources as become available

New Distributional Records Of Lizards In Wyoming, Randall Morrison, Lawrence Powell

Transactions of the Nebraska Academy of Sciences and Affiliated Societies

Based upon published evidence (Baxter and Stone, 1985), either lizard distributions in Wyoming are extremely patchy or they are not well known. It is apparent that many of the localities for different species are coincidental and clustered in particular areas of the state, suggesting that parts of the state are better collected than others. and that much is still to be learned about the distributions of Wyoming lizards. We report some observations of lizards in Wyoming, some with vouchers and some without, that are of some distributional significance. Five species or subspecies of lizards were observed at four localities.

A New Species Of Aphodius (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Aphodiinae) From Nebraska, Brett C. Ratcliffe

Transactions of the Nebraska Academy of Sciences and Affiliated Societies

Aphodius gordoni Ratcliffe, new species, is described from the Sandhills of Nebraska. Its larval stages and life history remain unkown. but it may be a sand detritivore.

The Vascular Flora And Plant Communities Of Seward County, Nebraska, Steven B. Rolfsmeier

Transactions of the Nebraska Academy of Sciences and Affiliated Societies

A recent botanical survey of Seward County in southeastern Nebraska recognizes ten representative plant communities including four major vegetation zones (tall-grass prairie, eastern deciduous forest, floodplain woodland and lowland [floodplain] prairie), and a total of 599 species of vascular plants representing 324 genera in 95 families. Three hundred seventy-five species were not previously reported for the county. Although the study area includes an interesting topographic and perhaps physiographic boundary formed by the terminal moraine of the Kansan glaciation, no evidence supporting an analogous floristic boundary was found.

Historical Notes On Collections And Taxonomy Of Penstemon Haydenii S. Wats. (Blowout Penstemon), Nebraska's Only Endemic Plant Species, David M. Sutherland

Transactions of the Nebraska Academy of Sciences and Affiliated Societies

Penstemon haydenii was originally described in 1891 by Sereno Watson and was named for its first collector, the geologist and explorer Ferdinand V. Hayden, who probably collected it in the late summer of 1857 in the" Sand Hills of Loup Fork," Nebraska. The Hayden specimen which Watson saw in the Gray Herbarium at Harvard University had evidently been labeled with an incorrect location. Watson did not base his description on that early specimen but upon a more complete specimen, also in the Gray Herbarium, taken by Herbert J. Webber in Thomas County in 1891; so the Webber specimen, not the …

Transactions Of The Nebraska Academy Of Sciences Volume Xvi (1988): Table Of Contents

Transactions of the Nebraska Academy of Sciences and Affiliated Societies

Nebraska Academy of Sciences, Officers, Policy committee ............. ii

Editorial Board ............. iv

Membership Objectives and Friends of the Academy ............. vi

Biological and Medical Sciences

The vascular flora of the Niobrara Valley Preserve and adjacent areas in Nebraska (Churchill, Freeman, and Kantak) ............. 1-15

Butterflies of the Niobrara Valley Preserve (Neil E. Dankert and Harold G. Nagel) ............. 17-30

An annotated list of the vascular plants of Fontenelle Forest and Neale Woods in eastern Nebraska (Marjorie Mueller Garabrandt) ............. 31-49

Interpreting modem and paleo-environments by analysis of water-stress in xylem: examples from Nebraska and Arkansas (James Landon) ............. 51-61 …

The Vascular Flora Of The Niobrara Valley Preserve And Adjacent Areas In Nebraska, Steven P. Churchill, Craig C. Feeman, Gail E. Kantak

Transactions of the Nebraska Academy of Sciences and Affiliated Societies

The Niobrara Valley Preserve is a 219 km² area along the Niobrara River in north-central Nebraska. Five hundred eighty-one species of vascular plants, about one-third of the total known from Nebraska, are recorded from the Preserve. They are distributed among 332 genera in 105 families. The floristic richness of this area may be attributed to two major factors: 1) a unique surface and subsurface geology has produced hydrologic and pedologic conditions amenable to a variety of plant communities; 2) Pleistocene and post-Pleistocene climates were critical in determining the co-occurrence of diverse vegetation types in the Niobrara River Valley. Among …

Butterflies Of The Niobrara Valley Preserve, Nebraska, Neil E. Dankert, Harold G. Nagel

Transactions of the Nebraska Academy of Sciences and Affiliated Societies

Seventy species of butterflies and skippers are reported from the Niobrara Valley Preserve. Twenty-four new county records are added to Brown County while 42 are added to the Keya Paha County checklist, bringing the total species/county to 63 and 67 respectively. Notes on numbers, flight periods, and habitat preferences are presented for each of the seventy species found on the Preserve. Twelve western and five eastern species reach their distributional limits in the Preserve area. Five hybrid butterflies involving three species of Basilarchia were captured on the Preserve.