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Wpa News 32 (1991), World Pheasant Association

Galliformes Specialist Group and Affiliated Societies: Newsletters

WPA News (May 1991), number 32

Published by the World Pheasant Association

Hydraulic Roughness Coefficients As Affected By Random Roughness, John E. Gilley, S. C. Finkner

Department of Agricultural and Biological Systems Engineering: Faculty Publications

Random roughness parameters are used to characterize surface microrelief. In this study, random roughness was determined following six selected tillage operations. Random roughness measurements agreed closely with values reported in the literature.

Surface runoff on upland areas is analyzed using hydraulic roughness coefficients. Darcy-Weisbach and Manning hydraulic roughness coefficients were identified in this investigation on each soil surface where random roughness values were determined. Hydraulic roughness coefficients were obtained from measurements of discharge rat巳and flow velocity.

The experimental data were used to derive regression relationships which related Darcy-Weisbach and Manning hydraulic roughness coefficients to random roughness and Reynolds number. Random …

Effects Of The Conservation Reserve Program On Selected Wildlife Populations In Southeast Nebraska, Justin W. King

School of Natural Resources: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research

No abstract provided.

Determining If Self-Guided Demonstration Tours Are An Effective Method To Inform Farmers And Ranchers About Conservation Practices, Larry L. Andelt

Department of Agricultural Leadership, Education, and Communication: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research

The primary purpose of this study was to determine if the "Conservation Neighbor to Neighbor" program was an effective method of delivery to inform farmers and ranchers about conservation practices in Nebraska. A survey instrument was developed with the help of a committee of experts. The instrument asked respondents to rate the degree of agreement, quality and interest in the Conservation Neighbor to Neighbor program and the effectiveness of the delivery method. The population for the study included all the program hosts and a random sampling of all farmers and ranchers in Nebraska. The following conclusions were drawn from the …

Rbe Vs. Dose For Low Doses Of High-Let Radiations, Robert Katz, F. A. Cucinotta

Robert Katz Publications

(LET) radiations varies with cellular radiosensitivity parameters and the radiation environment. Of special interest is that the RBE varies as the dose of high-LET radiation to the power (1/m - 1) where /m is the “target number” parameter, which varies from 2-4 in different cell lines. This applies to neutrons as well as to heavy ions at sufficiently low doses such that cells are not activated in the γ-kill mode; that is, the tracks of single heavy ions are sufficiently far apart so that there are few cases of inter-track inactivation.

Phyletic Coevolution Between Subterranean Rodents Of The Genus Ctenomys (Rodentia: Hystricognathi) And Nematodes Of The Genus Paraspidodera (Heterakoidea: Aspidoderidae) In The Neotropics: Temporal And Evolutionary Implications, Scott Lyell Gardner

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

Coevolution was studied in six species of rodents of the genus Ctenomys and their parasitic nematodes of the genus Paraspidodera, collected in Bolivia. Representatives of the families Octodontidae and Caviidae were used as outgroups for the mammals, and nematodes from caviids were used as outgroups of the nematodes from ctenomyids. For the nematodes, quantitative and qualitative morphological characteristics of both males and females and electrophoretic characters of both sexes were used to generate phylogenetic hypotheses of evolutionary relationships of the OTUs occurring in hosts of different species. Concordance estimates of cladograms generated from biochemical-genetic and morphological data of the …

Insect, Plant Disease, And Weed Science News, No. 91-5, April 19, 1991, Alex Martin, Bob N. Stougarrd

Insect, Plant Disease, and Weed Science News (1987-1992)

In This Issue

Plant Disease

Alfalfa Suffers Heavy Winterkill Losses ……………….. 25

Determining Degree of Alfalfa Damage ……………….. 25

DuPont Recalls Benlate DF, Tersan 1991 ……………….. 26

Insect Science

Corn Rootworm Control Starts with Planning ……………….. 27

Black Cutworm Moths Move into Nebraska ……………….. 27

Alfalfa Weevil Larvae May be Common ……………….. 28

Rootworm Insecticides Evaluated ……………….. 28

Field Scout Training Includes Pest Identification, Nutrient Concerns ……………….. 29

Weed Science

New Herbicides Released; Labels Changed ……………….. 30

Limit Herbicide Drift ……………….. 30

What's In A Name?, Robert S. Cook

Great Plains Wildlife Damage Control Workshop Proceedings

Communication is a vital part of this complex world in which we live. Even with the vast vocabulary that has evolved throughout recorded history, we still often find difficulty in expressing ourselves. As receivers of information, we struggle to grasp what the other person is trying to say. Also, when we speak to others, we struggle for the right words to use so that we can convey to that person exactly what we mean. The words we use and how we use them are very important to us as we communicate with each other. We have all experienced a time …

Environmentalism And Animal Welfare: Cornerstones Of Wildlife Damage Management, Rick D. Owens

Great Plains Wildlife Damage Control Workshop Proceedings

There are two issues which each of us, personally and as professional wildlife biologists, share a belief in, and which are essential to the conduct of our day-to-day wildlife management activities. Unfortunately, because of associated negative implications, we have failed to appropriately acknowledge and receive credit for our concerns regarding these issues. These are the issues of environmentalism and animal welfare. This discussion will serve to clarify what these terms should mean to us, why they should be considered cornerstones of wildlife damage management, and the actions we must take in addressing these issues. It is imperative that we become …

An Update On The Revision Of The Handbook, "Prevention And Control Of Wildlife Damage", Scott E. Hygnstrom, Robert M. Timm, Gary A. Larson

Great Plains Wildlife Damage Control Workshop Proceedings

Wildlife species have an important role in our environment and they provide many recreational, economic, and aesthetic benefits. Management of these species is necessary, however, when they cause damage to agricultural, industrial, and natural resources, and threaten personal property, public health, and safety. Published estimates indicate that commensal rodents, field rodents, and predators combined, cause >$2 billion in damage in North America annually. Because of the social and economic impacts of wildlife damage, there is a need for up-to-date information on the prevention and control of wildlife damage for producers, resource managers, administrators, and the public. The book, "Prevention and …

Damage Due To Scent Marking By Eastern Gray And Fox Squirrels, John L. Koprowski

Great Plains Wildlife Damage Control Workshop Proceedings

The stripping of bark by eastern gray squirrels (Sciurus carolinensis) is a serious problem in England with 50 to 100% of the trees damaged in some locations (Shorten 1957). The economic consequences of such damage have resulted in much research (Kenward 1982, 1983; Kenward and Parish 1986); squirrel-induced damage to trees also occurs in North America (Allen 1943, Brenneman 1954) but is rarely of the magnitude observed in England. At least 10 hypotheses (reviewed by Kenward 1983) have been suggested to account for bark-stripping damage including: 1) reduction of tooth wear; 2) uncontrolled gnawing reflex; 3) source of nesting material; …

Seasonal And Site Differences In Food Consumed By Double-Crested Cormorants In Arkansas, Albert E. Bivings

Great Plains Wildlife Damage Control Workshop Proceedings

Double-crested cormorants (Phalacro-corax auritus) are a common migrant in Arkansas in the fall and spring. In most years, many linger until freeze-up prior to moving south. In south Arkansas, they may overwinter if climactic conditions are not too severe. Although they were formally year-round residents, there are no current reports of substantial breeding flocks in the state. According to band returns, most cormorants found in Arkansas come from North and South Dakota, Wisconsin, Saskatchewan, or Manitoba (James and Neal 1986).

Previous investigations by Bivings et al. (1989) and Campo et al. (1988) reported that gizzard shad (Dorosoma cepedianum) comprised the …

Relative Effectiveness Of Repellents For Reducing Damage By Elk, William F. Andelt, Dan L. Baker, Kenneth P. Burnham

Great Plains Wildlife Damage Control Workshop Proceedings

We tested the repellency of chicken eggs, MGK' Big Game Repellent (BGR), coyote (Canis latrans) urine, thiram, Hinder', Hot Sauce Animal Repellent' (Hot Sauce), and Ropey on captive tame elk (Cervus elaphus) in Colorado from December 1990 to February 1991. Coyote urine and BGR performed better than the other repellents for deterring elk from feeding on cubed alfalfa rations. Consumption of cubed rations treated with odor repellents increased from Day 1 through Day 5 of the trial, but consumption of thiram-treated rations decreased. During the second phase of the study, hungry elk consumed significantly more apple twigs that were treated …

Burrow-Building Strategies And Habitat Use Of Voles In Pacific Northwest Orchards, Leonard R. Askham, James Sipes

Great Plains Wildlife Damage Control Workshop Proceedings

Seidel and Booth (1960) wrote that the "life histories of the genus Microtus are not numerous in the literature." In support of his observation he cited 6 publications, all dated between 1891 and 1953. Since then the literature has exploded with a proliferation of publications. An international literature review recently revealed over 3,500 citations for the genus. When Pitymys and Clethrionomys are included another 350 and 1,880, respectively, were found. Over the last 10 years approximately 3 new publications on voles appeared every 4 days; a significant output for what some would consider such an insignificant species. Most of the …

Keynote Address: The Ideal Realist: How Job Realities Shape Ideology And The Role Of Natural Resource Professionals In Today's Environment, Gary J. San Julian

Great Plains Wildlife Damage Control Workshop Proceedings

I am now Vice President for Research and Education for the National Wildlife Federation (NWF)—the world's largest conservation organization. The Federation has 5.6 million members and supporters. In this position, I no longer have a small clientele of a few thousand people. In this position, hundreds of thousands of people watch NWF very closely. We have a real slice of American life in the Federation. Consequently, I have had the opportunity to see things in a broader perspective; I have been forced to broaden my horizons. What I see now causes me great concern. I see changes in the way …

Home Ranges And Movements Of Coyotes In The Northern Chihuahuan Desert, V. W. Howard Jr., Gino G. Delfrate

Great Plains Wildlife Damage Control Workshop Proceedings

The coyote (Canis latrans) is among the most studied animals in North America. Because of its adaptability and success as a predator, the coyote has flourished and is still expanding its range. Coyotes can now be found throughout most of North America and south into Central America (Voight and Berg 1987). Studies in recent years have been extensive to understand the interrelationships of prey and coyotes (Shelton and Klindt 1974, Beckoff and Wells 1981), as well as demographic relationships (Davis et al. 1975, Knowlton and Stoddart 1978, Mitchell 1979, Bowen 1981) and feeding strategies (Todd and Keith 1976, Andelt et …

Developing A Coordinated Statewide Wildlife Damage Management Research And Extension Education Program, Paul D. Curtis, Daniel J. Decker

Great Plains Wildlife Damage Control Workshop Proceedings

Dealing with the negative side of human-wildlife interactions has become an increasingly important part of wildlife man-agement. This situation is due to a combina-tion of factors: human population growth and urbanization, patterns of land use associ-ated with human activities, and the increase in abundance of some wildlife species that cause problems for people. A broad consen-sus exists among state wildlife agency staff, state agricultural department staff, wildlife extension specialists, U.S. Department of Agriculture-Animal Damage Control agents, and state Farm Bureau officials that wildlife damage on agricultural lands has increased during the past 30 years, and white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) currently …

Animal Damage Control: Are We Prepared For The Next Century?, Bobby R. Acord

Great Plains Wildlife Damage Control Workshop Proceedings

I am pleased to be here with you today to discuss Animal Damage Control (ADC). I am also very pleased to see the number of ADC people attending this conference. It is an important indication of our professionalism. During the past several months, I have spoken to many of our people in ADC to challenge them to think about the future of our program. I have also spoken to many of our cooperators such as livestock organizations and resource management agencies about the same thing. This has been done in an effort to broaden our thinking about animal damage control …

Opening Address:, Kenneth R. Bolen

Great Plains Wildlife Damage Control Workshop Proceedings

Nebraska is a major agricultural state. Nebraska ranks first in the nation in number of cattle on feed and fed cattle marketed, second in cash receipts from all livestock marketing, first in production of Great Northern beans, popcorn and alfalfa meal, and third in corn production. Agriculture is important to the state's economy. Some economists project that one-half of Nebraska workers depend on agriculture and the many related industries for their employment. The annual value of agricultural production in Nebraska is more than 8 billion dollars. Agriculture and wildlife damage problems often go hand-in-hand. We have problems in agricultural situations …

Landscape Plants, Forest Trees, And Crops Most Resistant To Mammal Damage: An Overview, Rex E. Marsh

Great Plains Wildlife Damage Control Workshop Proceedings

To capitalize on mammal-resistant plants, several approaches may be taken. The most common is to select crops not highly prone to mammal damage (i.e., resistant crops). If a generally susceptible crop is to be grown, the more resistant varieties or cultivars of that crop can be selected, if known. An approach that has not received the attention it warrants is the selection of parent stock with resistant characteristics and the selective breeding of useful species to develop strains, hybrids, or cultivars with improved mammal resistance. For several reasons, this latter approach shows the most promise for forest tree species. It …

Vertebrate Impacts On Oak Regeneration In California: A Review Of Management Options, Robert H. Schmidt, Robert M. Timm

Great Plains Wildlife Damage Control Workshop Proceedings

Hardwoods occupy about 25% of the total forest area in California (Bolsinger 1988). Predominant among the hardwoods are oaks (Table 1). Over the past 10 years, concerns have been raised about the ability of some oak woodland stands to replace themselves. These concerns have focused on 2 distinct management dilemmas. The first involves the gradual loss of oak woodland acreage due to human activities. These activities often involve some type of conversion, such as the clearing of trees for rangeland improvement, production agriculture, or residential development (Schmidt and Tietje 1987). The rapid increase in California's population means more pressure on …

Effectiveness Of Nylon Lines For Deterring Rock Doves From Landing On Ledges, William F. Andelt, Kenneth P. Burnham

Great Plains Wildlife Damage Control Workshop Proceedings

Abstract: The effectiveness of 74-kg, white, twisted nylon twine was evaluated for deterring rock doves (Columba livia) from landing on ledges at Colorado State University's Hughes Stadium in a controlled experiment during 1990. One, 2, and 3 lines were stretched 8 cm in front and 12 cm above (1 line), 8 and 18 cm above (2 lines), and 5, 12, and 18 cm above (3 lines) the ledges. The proportion of successful landings to attempted landings was reduced from 0.99 (0 lines) to 0.23 (1 line), 0.13 (2 lines), and 0.10 (3 lines). The number of pretreatment landings per ledge …

Plate Tectonics, Space, Geologic Time, And The Great Plains: A Primer For Non-Geologists, Robert F. Diffendal Jr.

School of Natural Resources: Faculty Publications

For most Americans, "The Great Plains" evokes images of grasslands, dust storms, prairie fires, Native Americans on horseback, cowboys and wheat lands, and perhaps flat valleys crossed by braided rivers carrying a heavy load of sand and gravel, extremes of weather, and a climate typified by an alternation of droughts and wetter periods. Geologists picture such general images, too, but they also see radical changes in the landscape over periods expressed in millions rather than hundreds of years. Geologically speaking, human activities on the Great Plains are too recent to have much of a place in the broad geologic history …

Nebline, April 1991

NEBLINE Newsletter Archive from Nebraska Extension in Lancaster County

Ag Update: Agricultural News & Events

Home Extension News

On-the-Grow: Horticulture News & Recommendations

The Cloverline: 4-H News and Events

Extension Calendar

and other extension news

Ard News April 1991

Agricultural Research Division: News and Annual Reports

CONTENTS:
INFORMED CONSENT OF HUMAN RESEARCH SUBJECTS
PEER REVIEW
FACTS ABOUT RESEARCH FUNDING
AGRICULTURE IN PERSPECTIVE
LASER INTERFEROMETER GRAVITATIONAL WAVE OBSERVATORY
RACE/ETHNICITY TRENDS IN Ph.D. DEGREES AWARDED BY U.S. INSTITUTIONS OF HIGHER EDUCATION
RACE/ETHNICITY TRENDS IN M.S. DEGREES AWARDED BY U.S. INSTITUTIONS OF HIGHER EDUCATION
"AGRICULTURE IN CONCERT WITH THE ENVIRONMENT" PROGRAM
NEW OR REVISED PROJECTS
GRANTS AND CONTRACTS RECEIVED FEBRUARY & MARCH, 1991
THE U.S. AGRICULTURE AND FOOD SYSTEM
CHARACTERISTICS OF NORTH CENTRAL REGIONAL RESEARCH PROGRAM
CHARACTERISTICS OF SAESs - 1989

The Probe, Issue 109 - April 1991

The Probe: Newsletter of the National Animal Damage Control Association

THE PROBE
National Animal Damage Control Association
APRIL 1991
Migratory Bird Damage Management: Changes in the Permitting Process
Letters to the Editor
Action in ADC Legislation in South Dakota
Mountain Lion Attacks Raise Fear in Several States
Steel Jaw Traps Battle Heats Up in California
Texas Senate Subcommittee Approves Interference Bill
Anti-trap Bills Abound
Prevention and Control Tips: House Sparrows
Denver Wildlife Research Center Master Plan

Lactose Uptake Driven By Galactose Efflux In Streptococcus Thermophilus: Evidence For A Galactose-Lactose Antiporter, Robert W. Hutkins, Carina Ponne

Department of Food Science and Technology: Faculty Publications

Galactose-nonfermenting (Gal^-) Streptococcus thermophilus TS2 releases galactose into the extracellular medium when grown in medium containing excess lactose. Starved and de-energized Gal^- cells, however, could be loaded with galactose to levels approximately equal to the extracellular concentration (0 to 50 mM). When loaded cells were separated from the medium and re-suspended in fresh broth containing 5 mM lactose, galactose efflux occurred. De-energized, galactose-loaded cells, re-suspended in buffer or medium, accumulated ['4C]lactose at a greater rate and to significantly higher intracellular concentrations than unloaded cells. Uptake of lactose by loaded cells was inhibited more than that by unloaded …

Biological Effectiveness Of High-Energy Protons: Target Fragmentation, Francis A. Cucinotta, Robert Katz, John W. Wilson, Lawrence W. Townsend, Judy Shinn, Ferenc Hajnal

Robert Katz Publications

High-energy protons traversing tissue produce local sources of high-linear-energy-transfer (LET) ions through nuclear fragmentation. We examine the contribution of these target fragments to the biological effectiveness of high-energy protons using the cellular track model. The effects of secondary ions are treated in terms of the production collision density using energy-dependent parameters from a high-energy fragmentation model. Calculations for mammalian cell cultures show that at high dose, at which intertrack effects become important, protons deliver damage similar to that produced by γ rays, and with fragmentation the relative biological effectiveness (RBE) of protons increases moderately from unity. At low dose, where …

Review Of Les Nématodes Syphaciinae, Parasites De Rongeurs Et De Lagomorphes. Taxonomie, Zoogéographie, Évolution By Jean-Pierre Hugot. Zoologie, Tome 141, Mémoires Du Muséum National D'Histoire Naturelle, Paris, 1988. E. J. Brill, Leiden, The Netherlands, Robert L. Rausch

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

Review of Les Nématodes Syphaciinae, Parasites de Rongeurs et de Lagomorphes. Taxonomie, Zoogéographie, Évolution by Jean-Pierre Hugot. Zoologie, Tome 141, Mémoires du Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris. 1988. 148 p. + Appendix. Available from E. J. Brill, Leiden, The Netherlands.

Insect, Plant Disease, And Weed Science News, No. 91-3, March 29, 1991, Alex Martin, Bob N. Stougarrd, Lisa Brown Jasa

Insect, Plant Disease, and Weed Science News (1987-1992)

In This Issue

Plant Disease

Wheat Stands Good; Begin Scouting For Crown Rot................. 13

Pre-Plant Testing For Corn Nematode May Help................. 14

Catch Diplodia Tip Blight Early................. 15

Insect Science

Pounce and Ambush Approved Cutworms................. 15

Charts Aid in Determining Response to Alfalfa Weevils................. 16

Weed Science

Weed Control Essential To Successful No-Till................. 17

Compare Components In Combination Herbicides................. 17

Table: Components in Individual Herbicides................. 18

For Your Information................. 14