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Ec93-2309-B Nutritional And Ingredient Labeling Summary Fda/Usda Regulations 1993 : A Guide For Food Processors, Steve L. Taylor

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

Extension Circular 93-2309-B isa guide for Food processors and a summary of Nutritional and ingredient labeling from FDA/USDA regulations.

Outline For Tractor Testing Farm Machinery Museum, Tractor Museum

Lester F. Larsen Tractor Museum: Planning and Development Documents

General statement for developing a museum, justification, current groups, building considerations, and tractor test museum committee

Ec93-447 Documents For Decision Making: Living Wills And Medical Durable Powers Of Attorney, Georgia L. Stevens

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

Every person has a unique belief system including personal values based on family traditions, life experience, spiritual and religious beliefs, and knowledge. Medical decisions that we make for ourselves are based on those beliefs and values that matter most to us. Most of us are aware of the court battles that have raged over "right to die" cases.

This publication helps a person understand the meaning of the living will and medical durable powers of attorney.

Influence Of Controlled Energy Intake On Body Composition Of Beef Steers, John W. Keele, Calvin L. Ferrell, Ralph N. Arnold, Michael E. Dikeman, Melvin C. Hunt

Roman L. Hruska U.S. Meat Animal Research Center: Reports

Decreasing the amount of fat in beef decreases loss due to trim and the number of calories in a serving. Differences in fat content of cattle are caused by differences in genotype, gender, chemical agents and energy intake relative to functional requirements. An increase in energy intake increases both fat content and body weight. Based on this fact, differences in energy intake cause an association between fat content and body weight. This fact has led some scientists to suggest the hypothesis that fat content of animals of similar genotype and gender can be predicted from body weight even if there …

Development Of A Method For The Serological Differentiation Between Animals Either Vaccinated With Killed Virus Vaccine Or Infected By Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus (Bvdv), Jimmy Kwang, E. Travis Littledike

Roman L. Hruska U.S. Meat Animal Research Center: Reports

Bovine viral diarrhea (BVO), caused by the BVO virus, has been recognized in many parts of the world and is considered to have a marked economic impact on the cattle industry. In the U.S. alone, serological surveys indicated that 60 to 80% of the cattle population have antibodies to the virus. There are many strains of bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVOV) which differ in their ability to cause changes in cell culture. Thus, cytopathic and noncytopathic biotypes of BVOV are identified. The cytopathic strains induce a vacuolation of the infected cultured cells, where noncytopathic strains do not. Control of BVOV …

Computer Simulation Of Body Composition In Growing And Finishing Beef Cattle, Charles B. Williams, John W. Keele, Gary L. Bennett

Roman L. Hruska U.S. Meat Animal Research Center: Reports

The National Institute of Health Consensus Development Conference in 1985 recommended that Americans eat a diet with no more that 30% of the calories coming from fat, to reduce the risk factors associated with cardiovascular disease. Beef with a low-fat content could compose a greater portion of this recommended diet than beef with a high-fat content. There is a large base of experimental results on the effects of various factors such as genetics, feeding level, sex condition, exogenous biological growth stimulants, time on feed, and postweaning management on growth, composition and palatability of beef carcasses. Systems analysis through the use …

Bos Indicus Breeding Effects On Muscle Characteristics And Their Relationship With Meat Tenderness, Georgianna Whipple, Mohammad Koohmaraie, Michael E. Dikeman, John D. Crouse, Melvin C. Hunt

Roman L. Hruska U.S. Meat Animal Research Center: Reports

Variation in meat tenderness that exists among animals may be due to genetics, diet, age, and other factors. Results from the Germplasm Evaluation (GPE) program show that rib eye steaks from many of the Bos indicus breeds of cattle are less tender than steaks from most of the European (Bos taurus) breeds of cattle, although Bas indicus crossbreeding programs are advantageous due to hybrid vigor and insect and heat resistance in subtropical regions. Because consumers consider tenderness to be the principal component of cooked beef quality, it is important to determine the biological factors that regulate meat tenderness. …

Cycle V Of The Germplasm Evaluation (Gpe) Program In Beef Cattle, Larry V. Cundiff, Keith E. Gregory, Robert M. Koch

Roman L. Hruska U.S. Meat Animal Research Center: Reports

Results from the first four cycles of the Germplasm Evaluation (GPE) Program at U.S. Meat Animal Research Center demonstrated that vast genetic variation exits among and within breeds for most bioeconomic traits in beef cattle. The range for differences between breeds was comparable in magnitude to the range in breeding value of individuals within breeds for most traits. Thus, significant genetic change can result from selection both between and within breeds. Breeds can be selected to optimize performance levels for important bioeconomic traits with a high level of precision much more quickly than intrapopulation selection.

No single breed or biological …

Characteristics Of Diverse Breeds In Cycle Iv Of The Cattle Germplasm Evaluation Program, Larry V. Cundiff, R. M. Koch, Keith E. Gregory, John D. Crouse, Michael E. Dikeman

Roman L. Hruska U.S. Meat Animal Research Center: Reports

Breed differences in performance characteristics are an important genetic resource for improving efficiency of beef production. Diverse breeds are required to exploit heterosis and complementarity through crossbreeding and new composite breeds and to match genetic potential with diverse markets, feed resources and climates. This report presents preliminary results from an ongoing study at the Roman L. Hruska U.S. Meat Animal Research Center (U.S. Meat Animal Research Center)to characterize breeds of cattle representing diverse biological types for bioeconomic traits that influence quantity and value of production.

Heat And Moisture Production And Dissipation In Beef Cattle, John A. Nienaber, G. Leroy Hahn, Anders Ehrlemark

Roman L. Hruska U.S. Meat Animal Research Center: Reports

Calorimetry or the measurement of heat transfer between animals and the environment has been conducted at U.S. Meat Animal Research Center for several years. The primary objective of calorimetry has been the evaluation of maintenance energy requirements of animals. For cattle, maintenance requirements for either lactation or growth have been of interest.

Calorimetry can also provide information useful in evaluating heat dissipation by animals in various environments. Recent measurements were completed at U.S. Meat Animal Research Center by a Swedish engineer to provide answers to a beef housing problem. Current information has proven to be inadequate for the design of …

Improving The Microbiological Quality Of Meat, James S. Dickson, Gregory R. Siragusa

Roman L. Hruska U.S. Meat Animal Research Center: Reports

Microbial contamination of animal carcasses is a result of the necessary procedures required to process live animals into retail meat. The contamination can be minimized by good manufacturing processes, but the total elimination of bacteria of public health significance is difficult, if not impossible. A variety of methods have been developed to improve the microbiological quality of meat, although most of the current methods focus on washing and sanitizing the carcasses, prior to chilling.

The beef slaughter process begins by humanely stunning the animal, bleeding, and then removing the hooves and head. The hide is removed, and the carcass is …

Use Of Crossbreeding And Breed Differences To Meet Specific Targets For Production And Carcass Traits Of Beef Cattle, Keith E. Gregory, Larry V. Cundiff, Robert M. Koch

Roman L. Hruska U.S. Meat Animal Research Center: Reports

The specific requirements for effective use of breed differences to meet specific production and market requirements are: (1) accurate assessment of production resources in regard to availability and costs, (2) accurate assessment of market requirements; Le., value differences in carcass composition associated with yield grade and quality grade, and (3) accurate current characterization of breeds in regard to such traits as: (a) growth rate and size, (b) carcass composition, (c) milk production, and (d) age at puberty. This information is needed to identify contributing breeds to use in alternative mating systems to achieve specific targets for production and carcass traits. …

The Relationship Of Metabolic Hormones, Nutrition, And Postpartum Anestrus In Different Biological Types Of Cattle, Andrew J. Roberts, Russell A. Nugent Iii, Thomas G. Jenkins, John M. Klindt

Roman L. Hruska U.S. Meat Animal Research Center: Reports

Restricted energy intake can suppress the overall productivity of cattle. Restricted energy intake can decrease overall productivity of beef cows through, among other traits, decreased milk production, calf performance, and reproduction. However, failure of a cow to conceive is the major component affecting the overall production efficiency of the cow herd. In a companion report included in this publication ("Postpartum Interval Is Influenced by Nutritional Environment and Biological Type"), we demonstrated that the postpartum intervals for breeds of cattle with different genetic potentials for growth and milk production were differentially affected by restricted energy availability. This report, along with numerous …

Gamma Sigma Delta, Nebraska Chapter Newsletter, February 1993

Gamma Sigma Delta, Nebraska Chapter: Newsletters

PRESIDENT'S MESSAGE - Rita Kean, President, Nebraska Chapter

1993 - DIAMOND JUBILEE!!

HISTORIAN REPORT

Initiation and Awards Banquet Honored Recipients November 22, 1992

GAMMA SIGMA DELTA KEY AND PIN ORDERING INFORMATION 1993

GAMMA SIGMA DELTA 1993 COMMITTEES

Metal And Organic Residues In Addled Eggs Of Least Terns And Piping Plovers In The Platte Valley Of Nebraska, Timothy E. Fannin, Brent J. Eamoil

United States Fish and Wildlife Service: Publications

The threatened piping plover and the endangered interior least tern breed on the Platte River in Nebraska from the city of North Platte to the confluence with the Missouri River at Plattsmouth (Faanes 1983, Sidle et a/1988).

Major riverine nesting areas are the reaches from Lexington to Grand Island and from Columbus to Plattsmouth (Fig 1). Nesting habitat is sparsely vegetated or unvegetated islands, sandbars, or shorelines of the river.

An additional and important habitat is on the banks and islands within sand pits made by sand and gravel operations along the river.

In the initial nest of the year, …

Controlling Mountain Beaver Damage In Forest Plantations, David S. De Calesta, Ralph E. Duddles, Michael C. Bondi

Other Publications in Wildlife Management

Damage to conifer regeneration by mountain beavers, more commonly called boomers, results in significant losses in Western Oregon annually. Most of the damage is to 1- to 5-year-old conifer seedlings. Where populations are high, repeated clipping by mountain beavers can cause loss of production through poorly stocked acres-even reforestation failures.

Damage can continue on saplings up to 15 to 20 years old; however, newly planted seedlings are particularly vulnerable. In a few instances, extensive burrowing can undermine the roots of larger trees enough to topple them.

This publication will help you design a program to reduce mountain beaver damage in …

Against Relativism: Restoring Truth In Writing, Barbara Couture

Department of English: Faculty Publications

Jasper Neel and Barbara Herrnstein Smith do not find truth in writing because they do not regard truth as integral with human experience. As I have proposed, three rational assumptions deny the relationship. Ideological historicism rejects the malleability of the future and denies the possibility of human agency that both embraces and overcomes the past. Hence, truth which has not yet been found is seen as unattainable in human experience and, thus, in writing. Essentialist objectivity makes of truth an exchangeable, displaceable, replaceable object; it encourages the belief that observable and discrete differences in individuals' values deny the possibility of …

Genetic Identificationo F A Hantavirusa Ssociated With An Outbreako F Acute Respiratoryi Llness, Stuart T. Nichol, Christina F. Spiropoulou, Sergey Morzunov, Pierre E. Rollin, Thomas G. Ksiazek, Heinz Feldmann, Anthony Sanchez, James E. Childs, Sherif Zaki, Clarence J. Peters

Zoonotics and Wildlife Disease: Publications

A mysterious respiratory illness with high mortality was recently reported in the southwestern United States. Serologic studies implicated the hantaviruses, rodent-borne RNA viruses usually associated elsewhere in the world with hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome. A genetic detection assay amplified hantavirus-specific DNA fragments from RNA extracted from the tissues of patients and deer mice (Peromyscus maniculatus) caught at or near patient residences. Nucleotide sequence analysis revealed the associated virus to be a new hantavirus and provided a direct genetic link between infection in patients and rodents.

Understanding The Phenomenon Of Drought, Donald A. Wilhite

National Drought Mitigation Center: Faculty Publications

The late 1980s and early 1990s will long be remembered for severe water shortages-a consequence of numerous consecutive years of drought over extensive portions of the U.S. In particular, many Americans will remember the 1988 drought for its wide-ranging economical, societal, and environmental effects. These effects went far beyond those normally associated with drought (i.e. , reductions in agricultural crop yields). Increased incidence of forest fires, curtailments in barge traffic on the Mississippi and other river systems, reduced recreational opportunities, higher energy use in response to much higher-than-normal temperatures, and mandatory restrictions on municipal water use are among the documented …

Chapter 6 Planning For Drought: A Methodology, Donald A. Wilhite

National Drought Mitigation Center: Faculty Publications

Developing a national or provincial drought policy and plan is a complicated but essential first step toward a reduction of societal vulnerability. Until recently, nations had devoted little effort toward drought planning, preferring instead the crisis management approach. Presently, an increasing number of nations are pursuing a more proactive approach that emphasizes the principles of risk management and sustainable development. Because of the multitude of impacts associated with drought and the numerous governmental agen-cies that have responsibility for some aspect of monitoring, assessment, mitigation, and planning, developing a policy and plan must be an integrated process within and between levels …

G93-1183 Butterfly Gardening, Dale T. Lindgren, Stephen M. Spomer, Amy Greving

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

This NebGuide outlines planting schemes and arrangements that will help attract butterflies to a garden area.

Butterflies can be found in almost any part of Nebraska, from the Pine Ridge's coniferous forests and across the grasslands of the Sandhills to the deciduous forests along the Missouri River. Watching butterflies, much like bird watching or observing wildflowers has become a popular and enjoyable pastime. Since many natural butterfly habitats have been lost to urbanization and other development, some environmental organizations have incorporated butterfly conservation into their programs. Many people are taking a personal interest in attracting these fascinating insects to their …

G93-1191 Glossary Of Water-Related Terms, William L. Kranz, Delynn Hay, James W. Goeke, David Gosselin

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

This NebGuide is a glossary of water quantity, quality and human health related terms involving water. Terms are defined in contexts that could affect Nebraskans. We depend upon water for our very existence. The impact of water quality and quantity issues has never been greater. Yet the terminology used to describe the water we drink, the water we provide to plants and animals, the water stored underground, in lakes, rivers, and oceans, is not well understood by many Nebraskans. This listing of water-related terms is intended to reduce the potential for misunderstanding presentations made by elected officials, environmental agencies and …

Handbook Of Field Methods For Monitoring Landbirds, C. John Ralph, Geoffrey R. Geupel, Peter Pyle, Thomas E. Martin, David F. Desante

United States Department of Agriculture, Forest Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

This handbook is a compilation of methods that can be used to assay population size, demographics, and status of many species of birds occurring in a wide variety of habitats. The handbook will prove useful to field biologists, managers, and scientists anywhere in the New World from the arctic through the tropics. The methods include four types of censuses for determining population size and trends, mist-netting and nest searches to determine demographic parameters, and other methods that will be useful in operating a monitoring station, including habitat and weather observations, and suggestions for training personnel and possibilities for detailed studies. …

Soluble Highly Reactive Form Of Calcium And Reagents Thereof, Reuben D. Rieke

Department of Chemistry: Faculty Publications

A soluble highly reactive form of calcium, prepared from Ca(II) salts and a reducing agent in ethereal, polyethereal, or hydrocarbon solvents, is presented. This form of calcium can be used in the preparation of organocalcium reagents. The organocalcium reagents resulting from the reaction of the soluble highly reactive calcium with organic compounds containing either halide, cyanide, a 1,3-diene, or a polyunsaturated functionality, are stable, useful reagents for organic synthesis. The organocalcium halide reagents undergo Grignard-type reactions. They also undergo reactions with Cu(I) salts to form organocalcium cuprate reagents. The organocalcium cuprate reagents undergo a variety of cross-coupling reactions. The soluble …

Seasonal And Annual Variation In Weight And Biochemical Content Of The Zebra Mussel, Dreissena Polymorpha, In Lake St. Clair, Thomas F. Nalepa, Joann F. Cavaletto, Mark Ford, Wendy M. Gordon, Marijo Wimmer

United States Department of Commerce: Staff Publications

Zebra mussels, Dreissena polymorpha, were collected monthly from April/May to November in 1990 and 1991 from two sites in Lake St. Clair. The sites were characterized by relatively high and low mussel densities. The following variables were measured: ash-free dry weight (AFDW) per unit shell length (SL), lipid content and classes, carbon content, and nitrogen content. Mussels from the high-density site had a lower AFDW:SL relationship, lower lipid content, and a lower C:N ratio than mussels from the low-density site. Seasonal trends in these variables were consistent between sites and years. AFDW:SL, lipid, and carbon content were highest in …

Background Contaminants Evaluation Of The Republican River Drainage Colorado, Kansas, And Nebraska

United States Fish and Wildlife Service: Publications

This study was conducted to determine background levels of metals and organochlorine compounds in aquatic habitats in the Republican River basin, a large watershed in eastern Colorado, eastern Wyoming, southern Nebraska, and northwestern and northcentral Kansas. Reservoirs and their tributaries in the basin are concentration areas for bald eagles, migratory waterfowl, and occasionally for whooping cranes and other federally-listed threatened and endangered wildlife. The sampling was done to assess risk to federal trustee resources that use aquatic habitats in the basin.

We sampled sediments at 29 locations and fish at 30 locations on the Republican River and tributaries in eastern …

Contaminants In Oil Field Produced Waters Discharged Into The Loch Katrine Wetland Complex, Park County, Wyoming And Their Bioconcentration In The Aquatic Bird Food Chain, Pedro Ramirez Jr.

United States Fish and Wildlife Service: Publications

The 866-acre Loch Katrine wetland complex in Park County, Wyoming provides habitat for many species of aquatic birds. However, the complex is sustained primarily by oil field produced waters. This study was designed to determine if constituents in oil field produced waters discharged into Loch Katrine pose a risk to aquatic birds inhabiting the wetlands. Trace elements, hydrocarbons and radium-226 concentrations were analyzed in water, sediment and biota collected from the complex during 1992. Boron and radium-226 were present in the produced water discharge and are bioaccumulating in the food chain. Although not present in acute concentrations, elevated boron in …

Short-Term Sediment Accumulation Rates Determined From Eocene Alluvial Paleosols, Mary J. Kraus, Thomas M. Bown

United States Geological Survey: Staff Publications

A new method uses alluvial paleosols to calculate sediment accumulation rates for thin (25 m) stratigraphic intervals and allows the reliable interpolation of ages for stratigraphic levels within a thick stratigraphic interval bounded by established dates. Sediment accumulation rates calculated for a 650 m composite section in the Eocene Willwood Formation of Wyoming span time intervals ranging from only 0.05 to 0.25 may. Important sedimentologic changes coincide with changes in accumulation rate and indicate close and direct relations between the history of basin subsidence and depositional patterns.

Water-Quality Assessment Of The Central Nebraska Basins: Summary Of Data For Recent Conditions Through 1990, Ronald B. Zelt, P. R. Jordan

United States Geological Survey: Publications

Among the first activities undertaken in each National Water-Quality Assessment (NAWQA) investigation are the compilation, screening, and statistical summary of available data concerning recent water-quality conditions in the study unit. The water-quality conditions of interest in addressing the objectives of the NAWQA program are those that are representative of the general water quality of a given stream reach or area of an aquifer. This report (1) identifies which existing water-quality data are suitable for characterizing general conditions in a nationally consistent manner and (2) describes, to the extent possible, recent, general water-quality conditions in the Central Nebraska Basins. The study …

Eggs, Nests, And Nesting Behavior Of Akaipolaau (Drepanidinae), Paul C. Banko, Julia Williams

United States Geological Survey: Staff Publications

We describe the fifth verified nest and first verified egg of the Akiapolaau (Hemignathus munroi), an endangered Hawaiian honeycreeper. We dispute the validity of Bryan's (1905a) description of three eggs and two nests of the Akiapolaau. Eggs that he attributed to this species were much smaller than ours, and his nest descriptions did not match the only nest apparently belonging to the Akiapolaau in the B. P. Bishop Museum in Honolulu, where Bryan worked. Twigs and bark were distinctively combined in the nest that we examined. We compare eggs and nests of the Akiapolaau with those of other …