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Ec98-748 Farm*A*Syst Nebraska’S System For Assessing Water Contamination Risk Worksheet 2: Site Evaluation, Robert Grisso, Delynn Hay, Paul J. Jasa, Richard K. Koelsch, Sharon Skipton, Wayne Woldt

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

Why is the site evaluation important? The effect of farm, ranch or homesite practices on groundwater depends in part on the physical characteristics of your site: soil type, subsurface characteristics and depth to groundwater. That’s why evaluating the soils and geologic characteristics of your site is such an important step in protecting the groundwater you drink. This evaluation focuses primarily on the farmstead or homesite and risk to groundwater, but, to a limited extent, also addresses surface water. The worksheet can be applied to land beyond the farmstead or homesite, but the variation in soils and geologic materials would have …

Ec98-752 Farm*A*Syst Nebraska’S System For Assessing Water Contamination Risk Worksheet 9: Livestock Manure Storage, Robert Grisso, Delynn Hay, Paul J. Jasa, Richard K. Koelsch, Sharon Skipton, Wayne Woldt

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

Why should I be concerned? Accumulating manure in storage incurs certain risks to the environment and to human and animal health unless appropriate precautions are taken.Manure can contribute nutrients and disease-causing organisms to both surface water and groundwater.

Ec98-757 Farm*A*Syst Nebraska’S System For Assessing Water Contamination Risk Fact Sheet 11: Improving Land Application Of Manure, Robert Grisso, Delynn Hay, Paul J. Jasa, Richard K. Koelsch, Sharon Skipton, Wayne Woldt

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

Resource or waste? Stewardship of soil and water resources should be a goal of every livestock producer. Management decisions made relative to land application of livestock manure will influence the ability to attain that goal. An evaluation of your land application practices should focus on the following question: Is manure a waste or are source?

Ec98-765 Farm*A*Syst Nebraska’S System For Assessing Water Contamination Fact Sheet 3: Improving Drinking Water Well Condition, Robert Grisso, Delynn Hay, Paul J. Jasa, Richard K. Koelsch, Sharon Skipton, Wayne Woldt

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

Groundwater protection is an important aspect of farm, ranch and rural homesite management today. Nearly all rural families rely on groundwater for their drinking water. Safeguarding the drinking water depends on where the well is placed on the site, how the well was constructed, how the well is maintained, the siting of new wells, and managing wells no longer in use.

Ec98-772 Farm*A*Syst Nebraska’S System For Assessing Water Contamination Worksheet 8: Household Wastewater Treatment, Robert Grisso, Delynn Hay, Paul J. Jasa, Richard K. Koelsch, Sharon Skipton, Wayne Woldt

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

Why should I be concerned? Virtually all farms and rural housing use a septic system or similar on-site wastewater treatment system. While these systems are generally economical and safe, household wastewater can contain contaminants that degrade water quality for uses such as drinking, pet and stock watering, food preparation, and cleaning. Potential contaminants in household wastewater include disease-causing bacteria, infectious viruses, household chemicals, and excess nutrients, such as nitrate.

Ec98-793 Farm*A*Syst Nebraska’S System For Assessing Water Contamination Worksheet 16: Crop Pesticide Application Management, Robert Grisso, Delynn Hay, Paul J. Jasa, Richard K. Koelsch, Sharon Skipton, Wayne Woldt

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

Why should I be concerned? Pesticides are important agricultural production tools that provide many benefits. Pesticides have been developed and used because human beings compete with insects, weeds, diseases and rodents for food, fiber and habitation. Proper management of these pests requires a responsible, systematic approach, which Integrated Pest Management (IPM) provides.

G98-1351 Proper Injection Procedures For Cattle, Dicky D. Griffin, David R. Smith, Dale M. Grotelueschen

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

This NebGuide describes methods to maximize the effectiveness of injectable medications for cattle, while minimizing potential risks for the animal, the operator and the consumer. The key elements to giving proper injections are knowing why, when, where and how injectable medications should be used. Medications are commonly given to cattle as part of regular husbandry practices to improve health, control disease or increase productivity. Medications may be given by injection, by mouth (orally) or through the skin as a pour-on (topically). Injections are commonly given into the muscle (intramuscularly, or IM), under the skin (subcutaneously, or SC) or into the …

Nf98-374 Corn Blotch Leafminer, Robert J. Wright

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

This NebFact describes what is known about the biology of the Corn Blotch Leafminer, in preparation for the possibility of highter numbers in future years.

Rhyparochromus Saturnius (Rossi) (Heteroptera: Lygaeoidea: Rhyparochromidae), A Palearctic Seed Bug Newly Discovered In North America, Thomas J. Henry, David Adamski

USDA Systematic Entomology Laboratory

The Palearctic rhyparochromid Rhyparochromus saturnius (Rossi) [Lygaeoidea] is reported for the first time in North America based on collections from 17 counties in California. Literature pertaining to this adventive species is reviewed, notes on its habits are given, and descriptions and photographs of the adult and fifth-instar nymph are provided to help distinguish it from other North American Rhyparochromidae. It is speculated that R. saturnius was introduced in international commerceoriginating from the Mediterranean Region, most likely Italy or nearby countries.

A Framework For Analysing The Hydrolic Condition Of Watersheds, Bruce Mccammon, John Rector, Karl Gebhardt

United States Bureau of Land Management: Staff Publications

The purpose of this guidance is to provide a national framework for hydrologic analysis and related protocols as components of more comprehensive interdisciplinary watershed analysis. This guidance outlines a process for identifying the essential factors needed to describe hydrologic condition from a vast array of possible factors. The information assembled during the process enables those who conduct hydrologic analyses to participate effectively with other interdisciplinary team members in addressing ecosystem and resource management planning issues. The process helps to organize existing information about a watershed in the form of a watershed case file, which displays and interprets critical hydrologic information …

Measuring & Monitering Plant Populations, Caryl L. Elzinga, Daniel W. Salzer, John W. Willoughby

United States Bureau of Land Management: Staff Publications

This technical reference describes the role of effective monitoring and provides a step-by-step overview of the entire monitoring process for single plant species. The challenges of successful monitoring involve efficient and specific design and a commitment to implementation of the monitoring project, from data collection to reporting and using results. The material in this reference is presented in a logical progression from planning and objective setting, designing the methodology, and taking the measurements in the field to analyzing and presenting the data and making the necessary management responses. However, many of the steps occur simultaneously or provide feedback for the …

Procedures For Evaluating Alternative Farming Systems: A Case Study For Eastern Nebraska, Richard K. Olson

CARI Extension and Education Materials for Sustainable Agriculture

Acknowledgments .i

Table of Contents ii

List of Tables .iv

List of Figures viii

Disclaimer ix

I. Introduction 1

II. Baseline Descriptions and Assumptions for the Five Farm Types .l5

III. Operational Descriptions of the Five Farm Types .l9

IV. Single-Year Economic Comparisons 27

V. Long-Term Economic Variability 42

VI. Energy Analysis and Comparison of Five Farming Systems 46

VII. Nutrient Budgets and Soil Erosion 53

VIII. Relative Susta.inability of Five Farming Systems 55

IX. Conclusions 63

Appendix 1. Deriving baseline descriptions 69

Appendix 2. Machinery tables 78

Appendix 3. Selected reference materials 93

Appendix 4. Economic analysis 97

4A. …

Animal Science Alumni Newsletter, Winter 1998

Department of Animal Science: Departmental News

Contents:

Strength of Department lies in both past and future
Animal Science Centennial Celebration
Aberle Resignation Announced
Graduate Program
Undergraduate Programs
New Courses in Biotechnology
Interstate Classroom Activity
Gastrointestinal Research
New Nebraska Twist Steak Wins First Place
Beef 706, A Popular Success
New Faculty
Inaugural Pork 101 Held at UNL
Faculty Retirement
Nebraska Cattlemen's Classic Helps Raise Funds for Nebraska Cattlemen's Foundation and UNL Judging Teams
Emeritus Death
Faculty Development Leave
Emeriti Addresses
Alumnus Recognized
Bud Britton Animal Science Golf Classic
Block & Bridle Activities
Block and Bridle Officers for 1997-1998
Richard F. Shinn 1997 Honoree
Recent Department Awards and …

Flea News 55 (January 1998), Robert E. Lewis

Flea News

Miscellanea

Flea species

Material request

Siphonaptera literature

Linking People, Purpose, And Place: An Ecological Approach To Agriculture, Heidi Carter, Richard Olson, Charles A. Francis

CARI Extension and Education Materials for Sustainable Agriculture

Linking Ecology and Agriculture

Whole Farm Planning

Soil Quality

Agroforestry

Grazing Systems

Weed and Insect Management

Farmer Groups

Farmland Conversion

Resources and Information Sources

Incorporation Of Nisin Into A Meat Binding System To Inhibit Bacteria On Beef Surfaces, C. N. Cutter, G. R. Siragusa

Roman L. Hruska U.S. Meat Animal Research Center: Reports

In two separate experiments, the bacteriocin, nisin, was incorporated into a commercially available meat binding system (Fibrimex®) and applied to meat surfaces as a way of inhibiting the meat spoilage organism, Brochothrix thermosphacta during extended refrigerated storage. In experiment 1, pre-rigor lean beef carcass tissue (BCT) was inoculated with B. thermosphacta, left untreated (U), treated with 10 µg ml^-1 nisin (N), Fibrimex® (F) or Fibrimex® containing 10 µg ml^-1 nisin (FN), held aerobically at 4 °C for up to 7 d, and populations of B. thermosphacta and nisin activity determined. Experiment 2 determined the effects of the same …

Defensible Space: A Behavioral Approach For Managing Predators At The Urban-Wildland Interface, Morgan E. Wehtje

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 18th (1998)

Southern California has experienced rapid human population growth during the past 50 years. As housing continues to encroach into and abut previously undeveloped areas containing wildlife communities, conflicts between homeowners and predators have become common. Traditional methods of control (removal) of problem animals are often infeasible due to legislative constraints, local ordinances, public opinion, and environmental considerations. This necessitates developing alternative approaches to facilitate coexistence and diminish the opportunities for negative interactions. In the Defensible Space program, people are educated about local wildlife and provided animal behavior based methods to respond to animal incursions. Though the system is not always …

Are Wildlife-Caused Losses Of Agriculture Increasing?, Alice P. Wywialowski

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 18th (1998)

Both the percent of producers reporting and the value of wildlife-caused losses increased from 1989 to 1994. In 1994, 58% of respondents reported wildlife-caused losses of their agricultural commodities, an increase from the 55% of respondents who reported losses in 1989. Based on the median value of producer-estimated loss, wildlife caused losses cost producers approximately $591 million in 1994, $130 million more than in 1989. Losses based on producer estimates have been consistent with field-measured estimates of damage. While these losses represent 1 % of the value of agricultural production, losses were not evenly distributed and 23% of producers estimated …

Opening Remarks—Eighteenth Vertebrate Pest Conference, Rex O. Baker

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 18th (1998)

On behalf of the Vertebrate Pest Council, welcome to the Eighteenth Vertebrate Pest Conference. For 36 years, the Council has been presenting these conferences for the purpose of advancing knowledge in the field of vertebrate pest management. The conference proceedings are utilized extensively throughout the world as a source of information regarding vertebrate pest biology, behavior, ecology, and integrated pest management technology.

Never before has the vertebrate pest management field been under as much pressure to change from using traditional control methods of trapping and toxicants, to what are viewed as more humane and environmentally friendly methods. Unfortunately, the general …

The Management Of House Mice In Agricultural Landscapes Using Farm Management Practices: An Australian Perspective, Peter R. Brown, Grant R. Singleton, S. Clare Dunn

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 18th (1998)

During 1995 to 1997, the efficacy of early tactical management of mouse populations in a project based on grain-growing farms in Victoria, Australia was examined. Farmers modified their management practices of crops (at sowing, harvest, and land preparation), and managed habitats on the boundary of cropped land (such as fencelines) and around farm buildings. One management practice examined was the effect on mouse populations of controlling weeds along margins of crops. On sites where farmers slashed or sprayed weeds in early spring, there was a comparative reduction in the abundance of mice in late summer compared to untreated sites.

Managing Mouse Plagues In Rural Australia, Judy Caughley, Christine Donkin, Kevin Strong

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 18th (1998)

The frequency of mouse plagues in grain-growing areas of Australia has increased since the advent of conservation fanning practices. The increase has been particularly marked on the Darling Downs in Queensland where the frequency has trebled. Broadscale monitoring is undertaken by the government to provide a general forewarning of plague. However, the authors found, from a questionnaire to farmers, that the incidence and timing of plagues is highly variable across the Downs. It is apparent that farmers need to monitor the numbers of mice on their properties at regular intervals if they are to undertake preventive management. Bait cards (pieces …

Mammalian Reservoirs And The Changing Epidemiology Of Rabies In The United States, James E. Childs, John W. Krebs, Charles E. Rupprecht

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 18th (1998)

The epidemiology of rabies in the United States has changed dramatically over the past few decades. Greater than 90% of all animal rabies cases reported annually to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention now occur in wildlife, whereas before 1960 the majority were domestic animals. The principal rabies reservoirs today are wild carnivores and bats, infected with many different types of rabies virus variants. Annual reporting of human deaths have fallen from more than 100 at the turn of the century to one to six per year, despite major outbreaks of animal rabies in several distinct geographic areas. Most …

Ecology And Management Of Coyotes In Tucson, Arizona, Martha I. Grinder, Paul R. Krausman

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 18th (1998)

Increasingly, coyotes are becoming common residents of urban areas in the western United States, including Tucson, Arizona. The authors' objectives were to determine the home-range size of coyotes in Tucson, the habitat encompassed by the home ranges of these coyotes compared with the habitat available in Tucson, and the use of habitats within the home range, compared to their availability in the home range. To address these objectives, the authors trapped, radiocollared, and followed 13 coyotes via radiotelemetry in Tucson, Arizona. Seven coyotes were in less-densely populated areas (< 1 house/0.4 ha, called rural) of Tucson; six coyotes were in densely populated areas (> 1 house/0.4 ha, called urban) of Tucson. The authors used RANGES …

Tracing The History Of Blackbird Research Through An Industry's Looking Glass: The Sunflower Magazine, George M. Linz, H. Jeffrey Homan

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 18th (1998)

The Sunflower magazine, the voice of the National Sunflower Organization, featured articles in January 1978 and December 1996 that began with these words, "If Old King Cole was a merry old soul, it was probably because he had only four and twenty blackbirds to contend with, and they were all out of commission!" This quotation captures the sentiments of sunflower growers, who have identified blackbirds as a major production problem since the 1960s. The National (formerly Denver) Wildlife Research Center, a unit within the U.S. Department of Agriculture's Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service Wildlife Services, is charged with both …

Feral Goats In Australia: Impacts And Cost Of Control, Sylvana Maas

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 18th (1998)

Feral goats are both a pest and a resource in Australia. They are thought to compete with domestic livestock for food and water and endanger the survival of native flora and fauna. However, there is little quantitative information on the impact of feral goats on agricultural production or conservation values. Their presence on agricultural land is partly tolerated since they can be commercially harvested by mustering or trapping at water points. Where commercial harvesting is not possible, other control techniques must be used. Aerial shooting is the most commonly used technique to remove goats in inaccessible areas, but it is …

One Hundred Years Of Pocket Gopher Traps And Trapping, Rex E. Marsh

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 18th (1998)

The pest status of pocket gophers (Thomomys spp. and Geomys spp.) to agricultural crops and home gardens is well established, as is the fact that trapping in the early history of this country and its western expansion was the predominant method of their control. The former payment of bounties for gopher scalps or tails is thought to have stimulated the development and production of dozens of different kinds and models of gopher traps. In the midwest, prior to the industrial revolution, small size leg-hold traps were used for taking gophers because they were the only traps available. By 1880, …

Trends In Mountain Lion Depredation And Public Safety Incidents In California, Terry M. Mansfield, Kristin G. Charlton

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 18th (1998)

Mountain lions (Puma concolor) are widely distributed and have apparently expanded their range and increased in abundance in California since the early 1970s. Conflicts between mountain lions and humans have increased during this period. Trends in verified mountain lion damage to livestock and pets are reported for the 26-year period 1972 to 1997. Confirmed mountain lion attacks on humans are summarized for the period 1890 to 1997. This information was analyzed by county, and related to mountain lion habitat suitability, livestock distribution, and human population trends. Health and physical characteristics of a sample of 417 mountain lions were …

A Techniques Manual And Video For The Management Of Problem Urban Canada Geese, Arthur E. Smith, Scott R. Craven, Paul D. Curtis

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 18th (1998)

Social and management problems associated with urban Canada geese (Branta canadensis) are increasing in area, scope and magnitude. Although there are many articles on the management of urban Canada geese, none provide enough information for a reader to understand the impact geese have on different people, the ecology of the urban goose, evaluate the effectiveness of potential control options, choose appropriate management techniques, and then implement the chosen techniques. The authors present a manual and video, which in combination, they believe are not deficient in any of these areas. The video is intended to increase the awareness and …

Biogenic Iron Mineralization Accompanying The Dissimilatory Reduction Of Hydrous Ferric Oxide By A Groundwater Bacterium, James K. Fredrickson, John M. Zachara, David Kennedy, Hailang Dong, Tullis Onstott, Nancy Hinman, Shu-Mei Li

United States Department of Energy: Publications

Dissimilatory iron-reducing bacteria (DIRB) couple the oxidation of organic matter or H2 to the reduction of iron oxides. The factors controlling the rate and extent of these reduction reactions and the resulting solid phases are complex and poorly understood. Batch experiments were conducted with amorphous hydrous ferric oxide (HFO) and the DIRB Shewanella putrefaciens, strain CN32, in well-defined aqueous solutions to investigate the reduction of HFO and formation of biogenic Fe(II) minerals. Lactate-HFO solutions buffered with either bicarbonate or 1,4-piperazinediethanesulfonic acid (PIPES) containing various combinations of phosphate and anthraquinone-2,6-disulfonate (AQDS), were inoculated with S. putrefaciens CN32. AQDS, a humic …

Induction Of Oxidative Stress In Brain Tissues Of Mice After Subchronic Exposure To 2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-P-Dioxin, Ezdihar A. Hassoun, Shawn C. Wilt, Michael J. Devito, Angelique Van Birgelen, Naser Z. Alsharif, Linda S. Bimbaum, Sidney J. Stoh

United States Environmental Protection Agency: Publications

The ability of single doses of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) to induce oxidative stress in hepatic and some extrahepatic tissues of animals is well documented. However, no previous study has examined the ability of TCDD to induce oxidative stress and tissue damage in brain in vivo. In this study the ability of TCDD to induce oxidative stress in brain tissues of mice was studied after subchronic exposures. Groups of female B6C3F1 mice were treated orally with TCDD (0, 0.45, 1.5, 15, and 150 ng/kg/day) for 13 weeks, 5 days/week. The animals were euthanized 3 days after the last treatment and brain tissues …