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Cropwatch No. 98-3, April 3, 1998, Lisa Brown Jasa

Crop Watch (1994–2005)

Inside

Briefs.........................22

Wheat disease outlook.........................23

Assessing alfalfa.........................24

State crop conditions.........................24

Weed control in wheat.........................24

Aerial photos as a basis.........................
in precision farming.........................25

NRD tree delivery.........................26

Variable rate fertilizing.........................27

Angled closing wheels.........................28

Weed tour planned.........................28

Roundup ready corn.........................29

Diagnostic Lab tips.........................30

Center For Grassland Studies Newsletter, Spring 1998, Volume 4, No. 2

Center for Grassland Studies: Newsletters

Contents:

Developing Integrated Weed Management Strategies to Improve Leafy Spurge-Infested Grasslands by Robert Masters, USDA-ARS and Department of Agronomy, UNL

Biological Control of Weedy Exotic Thistles and Its Ecological Side Effects in the Sandhills: Testing and Policy Implications (Part 2) by Svata Louda, School of Biological Sciences, UNL

Cows in the Stream: A Sustainable Practice? by Charles Francis, Department of Agronomy, UNL

Prairie Restoration is Theme of CGS Fall Seminar Series

Conference Highlights Nebraska Loess Hills

Nebline, April 1998

NEBLINE Newsletter Archive from Nebraska Extension in Lancaster County

earth wellness festival makes a splash
1998 All-America Roses
Conserve water with drip irrigation
Easter lily care
Bird gardens are for you
Belly up to the salad bar
1998 Household Hazardous Waste Collections
Label changes affect termite control: Come to a termite workshop April 22
A recyclable car?
Ants and clover mites invade homes in spring
Population boom
Did you know. . .
When you need a pesticide...
Children most susceptible to lead poisoning
Avoiding herbicide drift
Adding legumes to warm-season grasses
Livestock operators face new requirements
Caution urged when using anhydrous ammonia
Choosing the correct glove is important in …

Ard News April 1998

Agricultural Research Division: News and Annual Reports

CONTENTS:

Comments from the Dean
FY 1999 USDA-CSREES Budget
Grant and Contract Income Obtained by ARD Units During the Last Four Calendar Years
Average Unit Outputs Exceed ARD Goals Again in FY 1997
Grants and Contracts Received February and March, 1998
Proposals Submitted for Federal Grants
1997 Graduate Student Survey
New or Revised Projects
1997 Cash Receipts from Craps and Livestock
Training Required for All Persons Working with Lab Animals
Publication of Scientific Articles in World Journals
Licensing Income and Patents in FY 1996

Distribution And Environmental Fate Of Pesticides In Prairie Wetlands, L. Gordon Goldsborough, William G. Crumpton

Great Plains Research: A Journal of Natural and Social Sciences (through 2013)

There is abundant, albeit fragmentary, evidence that prairie wetlands are being contaminated extensively by agricultural pesticides (primarily herbicides and insecticides) and other anthropogenic contaminants. Such inputs can affect fundamental ecosystem properties such as primary production which, in turn, affects habitat and resource supply for wetland fauna. We review data on the use of pesticides, off-site transport of residues from treated land, and the frequency with which these residues are subsequently detected in receiving streams and wetlands on the prairies. As the environmental distribution of a pesticide is affected by its chemical and physical properties, and the abiotic and biotic characteristics …

Great Plains Research, Volume 8, Number 1, Spring 1998 - Contents

Great Plains Research: A Journal of Natural and Social Sciences (through 2013)

Table of contents

Decision-Making For Prairie Wetland Restorations, Susan M. Galatowitsch, Arnold G. Van Der Valk, Rachel Budelsky

Great Plains Research: A Journal of Natural and Social Sciences (through 2013)

Assessments of wetland restorations in the prairie region are not done routinely and no accepted assessment framework exists. Wetland assessment protocols in the U.s. have varied over time from those emphasizing social significance to those attempting to quantify functions of wetlands from hydrogeomorphic considerations. A conceptual framework for restoration decision-making is presented that is based on optimizing wetland restoration success at both the landscape and site scales. This framework uses societal concerns, knowledge of factors that limit ecosystem recovery, and data on losses of different types of wetlands locally and regionally to establish restoration goals and guide site selection. These …

Review Of Mountains And Plains: The Ecology Of Wyoming Landscapes By Dennis H. Knight, David M. Armstrong

Great Plains Research: A Journal of Natural and Social Sciences (through 2013)

Wyoming is a remarkable place, a showcase for ecological pattern and process; and this is an excellent book with an exceptional range of information, a book appropriate in vision to its magnificent subject. Dennis Knight has produced a wide-ranging general ecology, sure to be effective as a college-level textbook not only in Wyoming, but across the Great Plains, the Rockies, and even the Great Basin. Despite its title, it is not stubbornly or even preponderantly about landscape ecology. Read "landscape" in a panoramic, common sense way rather than as a technical term. The book treats ecology on many scales: bioregions, …

Women Writing About Farm Women, Becky Faber

Great Plains Quarterly (through 2013)

I spent the first sixteen years of my life on Iowa farms. We lived in rural Adair County, Iowa, in an area that was remote, quietly tucked about halfway between Des Moines and Omaha. All I knew was rural life. My parents were farmers, my grandparents were farmers, and most of my uncles and aunts were farmers. The farm determined many elements of my life. We raised much of our own food, butchered our own beef and pork, raised chickens for eggs and meat, milked cows and sold the cream, wore clothes that defined our tasks such as overalls and …

Functions And Values Of Prairie Wetlands: Economic Realities, Jay A. Leitch, Patrick Fridgen

Great Plains Research: A Journal of Natural and Social Sciences (through 2013)

Land and water resources of the Prairie Pothole Region support important economic and ecologic activities. Scarce resources, such as wetlands, should be allocated among these activities such that society's well being is enhanced. Such allocation requires knowledge of the relative values of resources, something that has been largely missing in the wetland literature. This paper describes the practical realities of wetland economics, using the Prairie Pothole Region as an example. Ongoing human and economic activities in the PPR are presented as an introduction to the economy of the area. The purpose for economic valuation of wetlands-achieving the "greatest good"-is briefly …

Hydrologic Functions Of Prairie Wetlands, James W. Labaugh, Thomas C. Winter, Donald O. Rosenberry

Great Plains Research: A Journal of Natural and Social Sciences (through 2013)

Wetlands in the prairie known as potholes or sloughs represent an ever-changing mosaic of surface waters interacting with the atmosphere, groundwater, and each other in a variety of ways. Studies of groups of adjacent wetlands in different parts of the glaciated North American prairie have enabled some connections to be made between hydrologic processes, biological communities, and use of these wetlands by wetland-dependent wildlife. Understanding controls on variability in water levels, water volume, and salinity in these wetlands sets the stage for understanding controls on biological communities utilizing these wetlands. The role that natural variability in water and salinity plays …

Freshwater Functions And Values Of Prairie Wetlands, Henry R. Murkin

Great Plains Research: A Journal of Natural and Social Sciences (through 2013)

To date, wetland conservation programs and policies have focused on wetlands primarily as wildlife habitat. In spite of the extensive efforts of wildlife interest groups, wetlands continue to be lost. Successful wetland conservation in North America will require that society, as a whole, perceives broader and more significant values of freshwater wetlands than simply their role as wildlife habitat. Identifying and quantifying the functions of wetlands to the maintenance and renewal of critical freshwater resources are important steps toward expanding the base of support for wetland conservation/restoration programs throughout the continent. This paper introduces the functions and values of prairie …

Sedimentation Of Prairie Wetlands, Robert A. Gleason, Ned H. Euliss, Jr.

Great Plains Research: A Journal of Natural and Social Sciences (through 2013)

Many wetlands in the prairie pothole region are embedded within an agricultural landscape where they are subject to varying degrees of siltation. Cultivation of wetland catchment areas has exacerbated soil erosion; wetlands in agricultural fields receive more sediment from upland areas than wetlands in grassland landscapes and hence are subject to premature filling (i.e., they have shorter topographic lives). Associated impacts from increased turbidity, sediment deposition, and increased surface water input likely have impaired natural wetland functions. Although trapping of sediments by wetlands is often cited as a water quality benefit, sediment input from agricultural fields has potential to completely …

Review Of Ruddy Ducks & Other Stifftails: Their Behavior And Biology By Paul A. Johnsgard And Montserrat Carbonell, John Faaborg

Great Plains Research: A Journal of Natural and Social Sciences (through 2013)

Paul Johnsgard seems to produce books the way other academicians turn out journal articles. In contrast to his recent work, which has surveyed large groups of birds, this one focuses on only eight species. It also varies because there is a co-author, Montserrat Carbonell, who did her doctoral research on this group of birds.

The book is divided into two sections. The first is a general summary of stifftail biology, while the second contains accounts of the eight species included in this taxonomic group by the authors. The volume begins with a survey of the history of stifftail taxonomy, emphasizing …

Wetland Policy In Canada: A Research Agenda For Policy Reform, Jonathan Scarth

Great Plains Research: A Journal of Natural and Social Sciences (through 2013)

Land use decisions that affect wetlands and wetland functions are influenced by a variety of factors, some of which arise from policies that directly or indirectly provide incentives for wetland drainage or conservation. Direct efforts to provide incentives for wetland conservation must be augmented by complementary policy reforms. This paper reviews the policy instruments that have the potential to influence land use on the Canadian Prairies, and suggests some research questions that should be addressed to promote reforms that would conserve wetlands.

Nitrogen Transformation And Fate In Prairie Wetlands, William G. Crumpton, L. Gordon Goldsborough

Great Plains Research: A Journal of Natural and Social Sciences (through 2013)

Agricultural applications of fertilizers and pesticides have increased dramatically in the prairie pothole region since the middle 1960s, and agrochemical contamination of surface and groundwater has become a serious environmental concern. There is growing interest in the potential of prairie wetlands as sinks for excess nutrients in this agricultural landscape. As much as 50% of the fertilizer nitrogen applied to cultivated crops may be lost as nitrate in agricultural drainage water, and prairie wetlands may be especially effective as nitrate sinks. The effectiveness of prairie wetlands as sinks for nonpoint source nitrogen loads is likely to depend on the magnitude …

Effects Of Atmospheric Change And Agriculture On The Biogeochemistry And Microbial Ecology Of Prairie Wetlands, Richard D. Robarts, Marley J. Waiser

Great Plains Research: A Journal of Natural and Social Sciences (through 2013)

Relatively little is known about the factors which regulate in water biogeochemical processes and food chains in prairie wetlands. Climatic warming, increased UV-radiation and agricultural activities will have interacting effects on these wetlands. We examined the effects of these processes on prairie wetland functioning and productivity with particular emphasis on production and cycling of organic carbon, especially dissolved organic carbon (DOC). Autotrophic and heterotrophic production are temperature dependent and temperature increases or decreases could affect production under more extreme climate change scenarios. DOC concentrations could decrease with increasing bacterial production and photolysis, leading to increases in UV-radiation penetration. This is …

Human Immunodeficiency Virus Neurotropism: An Analysis Of Viral Replication And Cytopathicity For Divergent Strains In Monocytes And Microglia, Anuja Ghorpade, Adeline Nukuna, Myhanh Che, Sheryl Haggerty, Yuri Persidsky, Eboni Carter, Leeroy Carhart, Laura Shafer, Howard Gendelman

Nebraska Center for Virology: Faculty Publications

Productive replication of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) in brain macrophages and microglia is a critical component of viral neuropathogenesis. However, how virus-macrophage interactions lead to neurological disease remains incompletely understood. Possibly, a differential ability of virus to replicate in brain tissue macrophages versus macrophages in other tissues underlies HIV-1 neurovirulence. To these ends, we established systems for the isolation and propagation of pure populations of human microglia and then analyzed the viral life cycles of divergent HIV-1 strains in these cells and in cultured monocytes by using identical viral inocula and indicator systems. The HIV-1 isolates included those …

Role Of The Β-Chemokine Receptors Ccr3 And Ccr5 In Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Infection Of Monocytes And Microglia, Anuja Ghorpade, Meng Qi Xia, Bradley T. Hyman, Yuri Persidsky, Adeline Nukuna, Paul Bock, Myhanh Che, Janae Limoges, Howard Gendelman, Charles R. Mackay

Nebraska Center for Virology: Faculty Publications

Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection in mononuclear phagocyte lineage cells (monocytes, macrophages, and microglia) is a critical component in the pathogenesis of viral infection. Viral replication in macrophages serves as a reservoir, a site of dissemination, and an instigator for neurological sequelae during HIV-1 disease. Recent studies demonstrated that chemokine receptors are necessary coreceptors for HIV-1 entry which determine viral tropism for different cell types. To investigate the relative contribution of the β -chemokine receptors CCR3 and CCR5 to viral infection of mononuclear phagocytes we utilized a panel of macrophage-tropic HIV-1 strains (from blood and brain tissue) to …

The Probe, Issue 187 – April 1998

The Probe: Newsletter of the National Animal Damage Control Association

Thoughts... Robert H. Giles, Jr., President, NADCA
Vicar Takes Sunday Off to Join Hunt Marchers
Cat Contraceptive Approach Developed by Student Intern Michelle Meister-Weisbarth
California Trap Ban Initiative Submitted
Mourning Dove Debate Heats Up
Constitutional Amendment to require a "super majority" (2/3) vote on any wildlife issue on Utah Ballot
Sportsmen Gain Victory in New Jersey Case
NADCA Honors Wes Jones
WCFA Stands Up for Wildlife Management in New Mexico Case
Berryman Institute Announces 1998 Award Winners

More Reports From 4th Annual Conference of The Wildlife Society

The Use and Effectiveness of Various Predator Control Efforts at a Colonial Waterbird …

Localization Of Human Cytomegalovirus Structural Proteins To The Nuclear Matrix Of Infected Human Fibroblasts, V. Sanchez, Peter C. Angeletti, J. A. Engler, W. J. Britt

Nebraska Center for Virology: Faculty Publications

The intranuclear assembly of herpesvirus subviral particles remains an incompletely understood process. Previous studies have described the nuclear localization of capsid and tegument proteins as well as intranuclear tegumentation of capsid-like particles. The temporally and spatially regulated replication of viral DNA suggests that assembly may also be regulated by compartmentalization of structural proteins. We have investigated the intranuclear location of several structural and nonstructural proteins of human cytomegalovirus (HCMV). Tegument components including pp65 (ppUL83) and ppUL69 and capsid components including the major capsid protein (pUL86) and the small capsid protein (pUL48/49) were retained within the nuclear matrix (NM), whereas the …

Water Current, Volume 30, No. 2, April 1998

Water Current Newsletter

Blizzard Doesn't Hamper "Nebraska Water 2000" Conference
From the Director: NIWR Meetings in Washington D.C.; Research Discussed; Summer Water Tour
Of Boreholes, Bunyips and Boxing Day
Water Stewards Receive Annual Awards at Water Conference in Kearney
Summer Water Tour to Visit Arkansas and Republican River Basins in August
AWWA Research Foundation RFPs
Water News Briefs
Wetlands ID Now Available
How to Boost Your Golf Course Values
EPA Restoration Website
Community Outreach Kits
Nebraska Range Shortcourse
1998 NIWR Executive Summary Available Free from NU

Laboratory Evaluation Of Predator Odors For Eliciting An Avoidance Response In Roof Rats (Rattus Rattus), Michael D. Burwash, Mark E. Tobin, Anthony D. Woolhouse, Thomas P. Sullivan

United States Department of Agriculture Wildlife Services: Staff Publications

We evaluated eight synthetic predator odors and mongoose (Herpestes auropunctatus) feces for eliciting avoidance responses and/or reduced feeding by wild captured Hawaiian roof rats (Rattus rattus). In a bioassay arena, we recorded: (1) time until each rat entered the arena, (2) time elapsed until first eating bout, (3) time spent in each half of the arena, (4) number of eating bouts, and (5) consumption. Rats displayed a response to the predator odors in terms of increased elapsed time before initial arena entry and initial eating bout, a lower number of eating bouts, and less food consumption …

Adenovirus Preterminal Protein Binds To The Cad Enzyme At Active Sites Of Viral Dna Replication On The Nuclear Matrix, Peter C. Angeletti, Jeffrey A. Engler

Nebraska Center for Virology: Faculty Publications

Adenovirus (Ad) replicative complexes form at discrete sites on the nuclear matrix (NM) via an interaction mediated by the precursor of the terminal protein (pTP). The identities of cellular proteins involved in these complexes have remained obscure. We present evidence that pTP binds to a multifunctional pyrimidine biosynthesis enzyme found at replication domains on the NM. Far-Western blotting identified proteins of 150 and 240 kDa that had pTP binding activity. Amino acid sequencing of the 150-kDa band revealed sequence identity to carbamyl phosphate synthetase I (CPS I) and a high degree of homology to the related trifunctional enzyme known as …

Human Immunodeficiency Virus Neurotropism: An Analysis Of Viral Replication And Cytopathicity For Divergent Strains In Monocytes And Microglia, Anuja Ghorpade, Adeline Nukuna, Myhanh Che, Sherryl Haggerty, Yuri Persidsky, Eboni Carter, Leeroy Carhart, Laura Shafer, Howard Gendelman

Nebraska Center for Virology: Faculty Publications

Productive replication of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) in brain macrophages and microglia is a critical component of viral neuropathogenesis. However, how virus-macrophage interactions lead to neurological disease remains incompletely understood. Possibly, a differential ability of virus to replicate in brain tissue macrophages versus macrophages in other tissues underlies HIV-1 neurovirulence. To these ends, we established systems for the isolation and propagation of pure populations of human microglia and then analyzed the viral life cycles of divergent HIV-1 strains in these cells and in cultured monocytes by using identical viral inocula and indicator systems. The HIV-1 isolates included those …

Species Of Myxobolus (Myxozoa) From The Bulbus Arteriosus Of Centrarchid Fishes In North America, With A Description Of Two New Species, David K. Cone, Robin M. Overstreet

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

Three species of Myxobolus (Myxozoa, Myxosporea) occur in heart tissue of centrarchids. Myxobolus paralintoni Li and Desser, 1985 from Lepomis gibbosus in Algonquin Park and in Lake Erie, Ontario, has subcircular spores (in plane of spore length) in frontal view (11-13 μm long, 9-10 μm wide, and 5 μm thick) with a width-to-length ratio of 1:1.2. Myxobolus jollimorei n. sp. from Lepomis macrochirus in Lake Erie and in the Pascagoula River System, Mississippi, has subcircular spores (in plane of spore width) in frontal view (10.0-11.5 μm long, 12.0-14.5 μm wide, and 6.5-8.0 μm thick) with a width-to-length ratio of 1:0.8. …

Cropwatch No. 98-1, March 6, 1998, Lisa Brown Jasa

Crop Watch (1994–2005)

Inside

Briefs ………… 2

Protected varieties ………… 3

Soybean disease threat ………… 3

High Plains virus ………… 4

El Nino effects………… 5

Diagnostician joins team ………… 6

Resistant alfalfa varieties ………… 7

Weed control in alfalfa ………… 7

Stored grain quality ………… 8

Army cutworms ………… 9

Crop Watch order form………… 10

Observations Of Nocturnal Foraging In The Double-Crested Cormorant, D. Tommy King, J. Brent Harrel, Brian Dorr, David Reinhold

United States Department of Agriculture Wildlife Services: Staff Publications

Double-crested Cormorants (Phalacrocorax auritus) are normally considered a diurnal species. Here we describe cormorants foraging nocturnally in an oxbow lake in Mississippi. We have observed this behavior only once during 30 capture attempts over seven years.

Relationship Between Ecosystem Productivity And Photosynthetically Active Radiation For Northern Peatlands, S. E. Frolkin, J.L. Bubier, T.R. Moore, T. Ball, L.M. Bellisario, A. Bhardwaj, P. Carroll, P.M. Crill, Peter M. Lafleur, J.H. Mccaughey, N.T. Roulet, A. E. Suyker, S.B. Verma, J.M. Waddington, G.J. Whiting

School of Natural Resources: Faculty Publications

We analyzed the relationship between new ecosystem exchange of carbon dioxide (NEE) and irradiance (as photosynthetic photon flux density of PPFD), using published and unpublished data that have been collected during midgrowing season for carbon balance studies at seven peatlands in North America and Europe. NEE measurements included both eddy-correlation tower and clear, static chamber methods, which gave very similar results. Data were analyzed by site, as aggregated data set for all peatland type (bog, poor fen, rich fen, and all fens) and as a single aggregated data set for all peatlands. In all cases, a fit with a rectangular …

The Efficacy Of Glue Traps Against Wild Populations Of House Mice, Mus Domesticus, Rutty, Robert M. Corrigan

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 18th (1998)

Field research was conducted from Purdue University during 1991 to 1993 to examine some aspects of the efficaciousness of the various types of glue traps against wild populations of house mice. The research was conducted in agricultural and livestock buildings containing various infestation levels of mice. Tests compared the capture and escape rates of glue boards vs. trays, covered vs. uncovered glue traps, and glue traps vs. snap traps, and multiple catch curiosity traps. Observational work, via night vigils, was also conducted to note the behavioral response of mice to glue surfaces, including the behavioral aspects of mice neutralizing glue …