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Cellular Tropisms And Co-Receptor Usage Of Hiv-1 Isolates From Vertically Infected Children With Neurological Abnormalities And Rapid Disease Progression, Micheline Mccarthy, Jun He, Denise Auger, Rebeca Geffin, Cecilia Hutto, Charles Wood, Gwendolyn Scott

Nebraska Center for Virology: Faculty Publications

The longitudinal evolution of HIV-1 phenotypes was studied in a cohort of six vertically infected children with early onset and rapid progression of clinical disease. Among 30 viral isolates obtained from peripheral blood, tropisms for both human blood-derived cells (macrophages, T-lymphocytes), and for human neural (brain-derived) cells (microglia, astrocytes) were determined, as was chemokine co-receptor usage. All children harbored from birth macrophage-tropic isolates using the CCR5 co-receptor. Two children later developed T-cell tropic isolates with CXCR4 and CCR3 usage. While all six patients developed neurological abnormalities, only three produced neural cell tropic isolates, which used CCR5. However, early and persistent …

Antisocial Alcoholism And Serotonin-Related Polymorphisms: Association Tests, Elizabeth M. Hill, Scott F. Stoltenberg, Katherine Harris Bullard, Sheng Li, Robert A. Zucker, Marget Burmeister

Department of Psychology: Faculty Publications

Central serotonin dysfunction appears to be related to a subtype of alcoholism with antisocial impulsive features (type II; antisocial alcoholism). The serotonergic deficit may be associated with greater impulsivity, which in turn facilitates both alcohol dependence and antisocial behavior. The present study tested association of antisocial impulsive alcoholism with candidate genes related to serotonergic neurotransmission, using families. Eight markers were assayed using polymerase chain reaction: tryptophan hydroxylase (intron 7), the serotonin transporter SLC6A4 (VNTR 9/12), HTTLPR, the three serotonin receptor types HTR1B (G861C), HTR2A (T102C) and HTR2C (Cys23Ser), monoamine oxidase A (T1460C), and (CA)_n. Eligible probands had early …

Linking Change Initiatives: The Carnegie Academy For The Scholarship Of Teaching And Learning In The Company Of Other National Projects, Barbara Cambridge

To Improve the Academy: A Journal of Educational Development

The scholarship of teaching and learning provides an overarching framework for progress on a number of important educational issues today. The Carnegie Academy for the Scholarship of Teaching and Learning encourages connections with other national projects that deal with issues such as defining student learning outcomes, building an infrastructure of support, and establishing evidence for purposes of accountability in mutually supportive ways. Connecting such efforts honors faculty time in the midst of multiple demands and raises the likelihood of significant, lasting impact on the quality of teaching and learning.

Small Glutamine-Rich Protein/Viral Protein U–Binding Protein Is A Novel Cochaperone That Affects Heat Shock Protein 70 Activity, Peter C. Angeletti, Doriann Walker, Antonito T. Panganiban

Nebraska Center for Virology: Faculty Publications

Molecular chaperone complexes containing heat shock protein (Hsp) 70 and Hsp90 are regulated by cochaperones, including a subclass of regulators, such as Hsp70 interacting protein (Hip), C-terminus of Hsp70 interacting protein (CHIP), and Hsp70-Hsp90 organizing factor (Hop), that contain tetratricopeptide repeats (TPRs), where Hsp70 refers to Hsp70 and its nearly identical constitutive counterpart, Hsc70, together. These proteins interact with the Hsp70 to regulate adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase) and folding activities or to generate the chaperone complex. Here we provide evidence that small glutamine-rich protein/viral protein U–binding protein (SGT/UBP) is a cochaperone that negatively regulates Hsp70. By “Far-Western” and pull-down assays, SGT/UBP …

Early Holocene Change In Atmospheric Circulation In The Northern Great Plains: An Upstreamview Of The 8.2 Ka Cold Event, Walter E. Dean, Richard M. Forester, J. Platt Bradbury

United States Geological Survey: Staff Publications

Elk Lake, in northwestern Minnesota, contains numerous proxy records of climatic and environmental change contained in varved sediments with annual resolution for the last 10,000 years. These proxies show that about 8200 calendar years ago (8.2 cal. ka; 7300 radiocarbon years) Elk Lake went froma well-stratified lake that was wind-protected in a boreal forest to a well-mixed lake in open prairie savanna receiving northwesterly wind-blown dust, probably from the dry floor of Lake Agassiz. This change in climate marks the initiation of the widely recognized mid-Holocene “altithermal” in central North America. The coincidence of this change with the so-called 8.2 …

Reconstruction Of Hydrological Changes And Response To Effective Moisture Variations From North-Central Usa Lake Sediments, Antje Schwalb, Walter E. Dean

United States Geological Survey: Staff Publications

Ratios of the stable isotopes of oxygen and carbon in benthic ostracodes and marl from cores taken from two lakes in north-central Minnesota reflect Holocene hydrological and vegetation changes. Oxygen isotopes show that Williams and Shingobee Lakes, located in the same watershed but with different positions along a hydrologic gradient, were connected before 9.8 ka as part of a larger lake, Lake Willobee. From 9.8–7.7 ka, the level of Lake Willobee fell as a result of glacial retreat and increasing evaporation, leaving small separated basins. Further decreases in lake level after 7.7 ka due to increasing aridity triggered the inflow …

The Effect Of Soil Moisture On Mineral Nitrogen, Soil Electrical Conductivity, And Ph, Rui Zhang, Brian J. Wienhold

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

Inorganic nitrogen in the soil is the source of N for non-legume plants. Rapid methods for monitoring changes in inorganic N concentrations would be helpful for N nutrient management. The effect of varying soil moisture content on soil mineral nitrogen, electrical conductivity (EC), and pH were studied in a laboratory experiment. Soil NO₃-N increased as soil water-filled pore space (WFPS) increased from 0 to 80 cm³ cm⁻³. At soil moisture levels greater than 80 cm³ cm⁻³, NO₃-N concentration declined rapidly and NH₄-N concentration increased, likely due to anaerobic …

Methods And Compositions For Protection Against Bovine Viral Diseases, Subramaniam Srikumaran

School of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences: Faculty Publications

The present invention relates to methods and compositions for eliciting an immune response against bovine viral epitopes. The methods comprise combining at least one heat shock protein with at least one bovine viral epitope to form a purified epitope/heat shock protein complex and administration of an immune system stimulating amount of the purified epitope/heat shock protein complex. The compositions comprise, a purified epitope/heat shock protein complex comprising at least one bovine viral epitope complexed with at least one heat shock protein, and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, diluent or excipient.

Teaching Discourses: Science Teachers' Responses To The Voices Of Adolescent Girls, Gayle A. Buck

Department of Teaching, Learning, and Teacher Education: Faculty Publications

The purpose of this study was to provide an opportunity for science teachers to ‘listen’ to adolescent girls discuss their ideas and feelings about the contemporary structure of middle-level science education. The reflections of these teachers were then analyzed to capture how the teachers interpreted what adolescent girls had to say and the action that they will take in the classroom as a result of those interpretations. This qualitative study investigated 11 teachers and 51 Grade 7 and 8 girls from various states across the continental USA. The girls discussed such things as their favorite science topics, comfort level in …

Availability Of Food Resources, Distribution Of Invasive Species, And Conservation Of A Hawaiian Bird Along A Gradient Of Elevation, Paul C. Banko, Peter T. Oboyski, John W. Slotterback, Steven J. Dougill, Daniel M. Goltz, Luanne Johnson, Megan E. Laut

United States Geological Survey: Staff Publications

Aim

We evaluated how an elevation gradient affects: (1) the availability of food required by a specialist seed-eater, Loxioides bailleui Oustalet (Drepanidinae), or palila, and hence the distribution of this endangered Hawaiian bird, and (2) the distribution of alien threats to Loxioides populations, their primary foods, and their dry-forest habitat, and hence strategies for their conservation.

Location

We worked throughout the subalpine forest that encircles Mauna Kea Volcano, Hawai‘i Island, but we focused our studies mainly on the western slope between 2000 and 3000 m elevation, where the gradient of elevation was greatest and palila were most abundant.

Methods

We …

Conditions And Limitations On Learning In The Adaptive Management Of Mallard Harvests, Fred A. Johnson, William L. Kendall, James A. Dubovsky

United States Geological Survey: Staff Publications

In 1995, the United States Fish and Wildlife Service adopted a protocol for the adaptive management of waterfowl hunting regulations (AHM) to help reduce uncertainty about the magnitude of sustainable harvests. To date, the AHM process has focused principally on the midcontinent population of mallards (Anas platyrhynchos), whose dynamics are described by 4 alternative models. Collectively, these models express uncertainty (or disagreement) about whether harvest is an additive or a compensatory form of mortality and whether the reproductive process is weakly or strongly density-dependent. Each model is associated with a probability or "weight," which describes its relative ability …

Segregation Of Spermatozoa Within Sperm Storage Tubules Of Fowl And Turkey Hens, L. M. King, J. P. Brillard, M. R. Bakst, A. M. Donoghue

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

In avian species, spermatozoa reside in the oviduct for prolonged periods in specialized structures known as sperm storage tubules, but little is known about the relative distribution of spermatozoa in these tubules after successive inseminations by different males. The staining efficacies of various fluorescent dyes for fowl and turkey spermatozoa were evaluated to investigate one proposed mechanism of sperm competition. Hens were then inseminated at different intervals with stained and unstained spermatozoa to observe the spatial distribution of spermatozoa within the storage tubules. Several novel fluorescent lipophilic tracers that successfully stain mammalian spermatozoa either did not stain fowl or turkey …

Mycobacterium Smegmatis D-Alanine Racemase Mutants Are Not Dependent On D-Alanine For Growth, Ofelia Chacon, Zhengyu Feng, N. Beth Harris , Nancy E. Caceres, Garry Adams, Raul G. Barletta

School of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences: Faculty Publications

Mycobacterium smegmatis is a fast-growing nonpathogenic species particularly useful in studying basic cellular processes of relevance to pathogenic mycobacteria. This study focused on the D-alanine racemase gene (alrA), which is involved in the synthesis of D-alanine, a basic component of peptidoglycan that forms the backbone of the cell wall. M. smegmatis alrA null mutants were generated by homologous recombination using a kanamycin resistance marker for insertional inactivation. Mutants were selected on Middlebrook medium supplemented with 50 mM D-alanine and 20 μg of kanamycin per ml. These mutants were also able to grow in standard and minimal media without …

Organochlorine Chemical Residues In Fish From The Mississippi River Basin, 1995, C.J. Schmitt

United States Geological Survey: Staff Publications

µ≤≥

Fish were collected in late 1995 from 34 National Contaminant Biomonitoring Program (NCBP) stations and 13 National Water Quality Assessment Program (NAWQA) stations in the Mississippi River basin (MRB) and in late 1996 from a reference site in West Virginia. Four composite samples, each comprising (nominally) 10 adult common carp (Cyprinus carpio) or black bass (Micropterus spp.) of the same sex, were collected from each site and analyzed for organochlorine chemical residues by gas chromatography with electron capture detection. At the NCBP stations, which are located on relatively large rivers, concentrations of organochlorine chemical residues were generally lower than …

Repellency Of Ir3535, Kbr3023, Para-Menthane-3,8-Diol, And Deet To Black Salt Marsh Mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) In The Everglades National Park, Donald R. Barnard, Ulrich R. Bernier, Kenneth H. Posey, Rui-De Xue

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

IR3535, KBR3023, para-menthane-3,8-diol (PMD), and deet were evaluated in controlled studies with human subjects (n = 5) for repellency to black salt marsh mosquitoes (Ochlerotatus taeniorhynchus Wiedemann), in the Everglades National Park, FL. In tests of 6-h duration, with an average mosquito biting pressure on exposed forearm skin of 19.5 (±13.7) bites per minute, the mean percent repellencies (SE) for IR3535, KBR3023, PMD, and deet was 88.6 (3.2), 97.5 (1.7), 89.2 (2.9), and 94.8 (2.5), respectively. Mean complete protection times (SE) for IR3535, KBR3023, PMD, and deet were 3.0 (1.0), 5.4 (0.6), 3.8 (1.4), and 5.6 (0.5) h, …

Holocene Multidecadal And Multicentennial Droughts Affecting Northern California And Nevada, Larry Benson, Michaele Kashgarian, Robert Rye, Steve Lund, Fred Paillet, Joseph Smoot, Cynthia Kester, Scott Mensing, Dave Meko, Susan Landström

United States Geological Survey: Staff Publications

Continuous, high-resolution δ¹⁸O records from cored sediments of Pyramid Lake, Nevada, indicate that oscillations in the hydrologic balance occurred, on average, about every 150 years (yr) during the past 7630 calendar years (cal yr). The records are not stationary; during the past 2740 yr, drought durations ranged from 20 to 100 yr and intervals between droughts ranged from 80 to 230 yr. Comparison of tree-ring-based reconstructions of climate change for the past 1200 yr from the Sierra Nevada and the El Malpais region of northwest New Mexico indicates that severe droughts associated with Anasazi withdrawal from Chaco Canyon …

Selenium Toxicity: Cause And Effects In Aquatic Birds, Julian E. Spallholz, David J. Hoffman

United States Geological Survey: Staff Publications

There are several manners in which selenium may express its toxicity: (1) an important mechanism appears to involve the formation of CH₃Se⁻ which either enters a redox cycle and generates superoxide and oxidative stress, or forms free radicals that bind to and inhibit important enzymes and proteins. (2) Excess selenium as selenocysteine results in inhibition of selenium methylation metabolism. As a consequence, concentrations of hydrogen selenide, an intermediate metabolite, accumulate in animals and are hepatotoxic, possibly causing other selenium-related adverse effects. (3) It is also possible that the presence of excess selenium analogs of sulfur-containing enzymes and …

A Scoping Study Of Water Quality Conditions In The Missouri National Recreational River Reach From Near Gavins Point Dam To Ponca State Park, Nebraska

United States Army Corps of Engineers, Omaha District

The unchannelized reach of the Missouri River below Gavins Point Dam has several ongoing water resource management issues that involve and affect the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (Corps). Water quality management considerations are of particular importance to three issues: 1) management of a portion of the reach as a recreational river under the Federal Wild and Scenic Rivers Act, 2) the reach is included in an action area identified by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) under the Federal Endangered Species Act (ESA) for three species (pallid sturgeon, least tern, and piping plover) identified as being in jeopardy, …

Responses Of Dabbling Ducks To Wetland Conditions In The Prairie Pothole Region, Jane Austin

United States Geological Survey, Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center: Publications

The relationships between wetland water conditions and breeding numbers of Mallard (Anas platyrhynchos), Northern Pintail (A. acuta), Blue-winged Teal (A. discors), and Northern Shoveler (A. clypeata) during May of 1992-1995, were examined on twelve study areas in the eastern Prairie Pothole Region. Data were collected on water levels (by wetland class [temporary, seasonal, semipermanent]), pond density (density of wet basins), and numbers of indicated pairs for each species from weekly roadside transect surveys. Comparison of models relating duck numbers to wetlands using Akaike’s Information Criterion indicated that measures of water condition generally …

Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 (Hiv-1) Tat Induces Nitric-Oxide Synthase In Human Astroglia, Xiaojuan Liu, Malabendu Jana, Subhajit Dasgupta, Sreenivas Koka, Jun He, Charles Wood, Kalipada Pahan

Nebraska Center for Virology: Faculty Publications

Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection is known to cause neuronal injury and dementia in a significant proportion of patients. However, the mechanism by which HIV-1 mediates its deleterious effects in the brain is poorly defined. The present study was undertaken to investigate the effect of the HIV-1 tat gene on the expression of inducible nitric-oxide synthase (iNOS) in human U373MG astroglial cells and primary astroglia. Expression of the tat gene as RSV- tat but not that of the CAT gene as RSV-CAT in U373MG astroglial cells led to the induction of NO production and the expression of iNOS …

Sources Of Terrestrially-Derived Organic Carbon In Lower Mississippi River And Louisiana Shelf Sediments: Implications For Differential Sedimentation And Transport At The Coastal Margin, Thomas S. Bianchi, Siddhartha Mitra, Brent A. Mckee

United States Geological Survey: Staff Publications

In this study, we examined the temporal and spatial variability of terrestrial organic carbon sources in lower Mississippi River and Louisiana shelf sediments (during 11 cruises over a 22-month period) to further understand the sorting dynamics and selective transport of vascular plant materials within the primary dispersal system of the river. Bulk δ¹³C values in lower river sediments ranged from −21.90%o −24.64%o (mean = −23.2 ± 1.09%_o), these values were generally more depleted than those found in shelf sediments (−22.5%o to −21.2%o). The Λ₈ (Λ₈ = sum of vanillyl, syringyl and cinnamyl phenols produced …

Efficient Infection Of Nicotiana Benthamiana By Tomato Bushy Stunt Virus Is Facilitated By The Coat Protein And Maintained By P19 Through Suppression Of Gene Silencing, Feng Qu, Thomas Jack Morris

Nebraska Center for Virology: Faculty Publications

Tomato bushy stunt virus (TBSV) is one of few RNA plant viruses capable of moving systemically in some hosts in the absence of coat protein (CP). TBSV also encodes another protein (p19) that is not required for systemic movement but functions as a symptom determinant in Nicotiana benthamiana. Here, the role of both CP and p19 in the systemic spread has been reevaluated by utilizing transgenic N. benthamiana plants expressing the movement protein (MP) of Red clover necrotic mosaic virus and chimeric TBSV mutants that express CP of Turnip crinkle virus. Through careful examination of the infection phenotype …

Cypress Spurge, H. Faubert, R. A. Casagrande

United States Department of Agriculture, Forest Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

Cypress spurge (Euphorbia cyparissias L.) is a herbaceous European perennial introduced into North America as an ornamental plant in the 1860s (Croizat, 1945). It was widely planted in graveyards and often is called graveyard weed (Muenscher, 1936). The plant escaped cultivation and became established on open ground, particularly in pastures (Stuckey and Pearson, 1973).

Musk Thistle (Nodding Thistle), A. Gassman, L.-T. Kok

United States Department of Agriculture, Forest Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

Musk thistle, Carduus nutans L., is an invasive weed that has become widespread in the contiguous states of the United States. It is a highly competitive weed of Eurasian origin that has replaced much of the native vegetation in pastures and disturbed areas.

Slenderflower Thistle (Winged Slender Or Seaside Thistle), A. Gassmann, L.-T. Kok

United States Department of Agriculture, Forest Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

Like many other Carduus species, slenderflower thistle, Carduus tenuiflorus Curtis, is associated with pastures, disturbed areas, and vacant lots. Invasion is favored by annual burning of pastures. The thistle protects forage from grazing and is a competitive weed in improved pastures.

Effects Of Management Practices On Grassland Birds: Upland Sandpiper, Jill A. Dechant, Meghan F. Dinkins, Douglas H. Johnson, Lawrence D. Igl, Christopher M. Goldade, Barry D. Parkin, Betty R. Euliss

United States Geological Survey, Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center: Publications

Upland Sandpiper (Bartramia longicauda):
Breeding range
Suitable habitat
Area requirements
Brown-headed Cowbird brood parasitism
Breeding-season phenology and site fidelity
Species’ response to management
Management Recommendations
Habitat Characteristics

Effects Of Management Practices On Grassland Birds: Willet, Jill A. Dechant, Marriah L. Sondreal, Douglas H. Johnson, Lawrence D. Igl, Christopher M. Goldade, Barry D. Parkin, Betty R. Euliss

United States Geological Survey, Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center: Publications

Willet (Catoptrophorus semipalmatus inornatus):
Breeding range
Suitable habitat
Area requirements
Brown-headed Cowbird brood parasitism
Breeding-season phenology and site fidelity
Species’ response to management
Management Recommendations
Habitat Characteristics

Bull Thistle (Spear Thistle), L.-T. Kok, A. Gassmann

United States Department of Agriculture, Forest Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

Bull thistle, Cirsium vulgare (Savi) Tenore, is an invasive thistle from Eurasia, found throughout the United States and in Canada from Newfoundland to British Columbia. It is capable of invading fields, pastures, wastelands and along roadsides, but will not survive in cultivated fields.

Effects Of Management Practices On Grassland Birds: Dickcissel, Jill A. Dechant, Marriah L. Sondreal, Douglas H. Johnson, Lawrence D. Igl, Christopher M. Goldade, Amy L. Zimmerman, Betty R. Euliss

United States Geological Survey, Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center: Publications

Dickcissel (Spiza americana):
Breeding range
Suitable habitat
Area requirements
Brown-headed Cowbird brood parasitism
Breeding-season phenology and site fidelity
Species’ response to management
Management Recommendations
Habitat Characteristics

Plumeless Thistle (Curled Thistle, Bristly Thistle), L.-T. Kok, A. Gassmann

United States Department of Agriculture, Forest Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

Plumeless thistle, Carduus acanthoides L., is an introduced Eurasian noxious weed in pastures, rangelands, croplands, and along highways in 19 of the contiguous states in the United States (Frick, 1978). Carduus acanthoides and Carduus nutans L. in the northeastern United States often occupy the same habitats, such as overgrazed pastures and disturbed roadsides, and these species sometimes occur as mixed stands.