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Leveraging Eco-Evolutionary Models For Gene Drive Risk Assessment, Matthew A. Combs, Andrew J. Golnar, Justin M. Overcash, Alun L. Lloyd, Keith R. Hayes, David A. O'Brochta, Kim M. Pepin Aug 2023

Leveraging Eco-Evolutionary Models For Gene Drive Risk Assessment, Matthew A. Combs, Andrew J. Golnar, Justin M. Overcash, Alun L. Lloyd, Keith R. Hayes, David A. O'Brochta, Kim M. Pepin

United States Department of Agriculture Wildlife Services: Staff Publications

Engineered gene drives create potential for both widespread benefits and irreversible harms to ecosystems. CRISPR-based systems of allelic conversion have rapidly accelerated gene drive research across diverse taxa, putting field trials and their necessary risk assessments on the horizon. Dynamic processbased models provide flexible quantitative platforms to predict gene drive outcomes in the context of system-specific ecological and evolutionary features. Here, we synthesize gene drive dynamic modeling studies to highlight research trends, knowledge gaps, and emergent principles, organized around their genetic, demographic, spatial, environmental, and implementation features. We identify the phenomena that most significantly influence model predictions, discuss limitations of …

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Dry-Aged Beef Flavor Development, And The Effect Of High Levels Of Vitamin-E On Beef Color Stability, Nicolas Herrera Aug 2023

Dry-Aged Beef Flavor Development, And The Effect Of High Levels Of Vitamin-E On Beef Color Stability, Nicolas Herrera

Department of Animal Science: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research

Palatability and consumer purchasing are essential factors of fresh meat. To meet consumer expectations during purchasing and consumption, fresh beef must maintain desirable cherry-red color at retail and achieve desirable cooked flavor. Dry-aged beef popularity has grown, and identifying methods to ensure quality dry-aged meat is necessary to maintain demand. To understand dry-aged palatability, this dissertation addressed effects of moisture loss and aging time, fundamental factors of dry-aged beef, using bone-in and boneless strip loins. Study two investigated flavor development using cookery methods and internal temperatures in boneless and bone-in dry-aged beef. In study one, increased dry-aging time (creation effect) …

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Consequences Of Cow–Calf Production With Limited Perennial Forage Grazing, Hannah Fae Speer Aug 2023

Consequences Of Cow–Calf Production With Limited Perennial Forage Grazing, Hannah Fae Speer

Department of Animal Science: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research

Conversion of perennial grasslands to cropland and rising land prices prompts a need to evaluate alternative beef cow-calf production systems. A 3-yr study was conducted comparing beef cow-calf performance between two August-calving cow systems: perennial forage and corn residue grazing; or summer drylot, fall grazing of late-summer-planted cover crop, and corn residue grazing. Cow body condition score differed between systems, but condition of cows in both systems never fell below adequate. There were no differences in pregnancy rates between systems. Calf weaning weights differed between systems each year; differences are attributed to feedstuff quantity, quality, and type available to calves …

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Utilizing Mitotalens To Investigate Large Repeats In The Arabidopsis Thaliana Mitochondrial Genome, Cambelle Johnson Aug 2023

Utilizing Mitotalens To Investigate Large Repeats In The Arabidopsis Thaliana Mitochondrial Genome, Cambelle Johnson

Honors Program: Senior Projects (Public)

Mitochondria are a silly place to store the genetic code. In spite of the ever-present threat of oxidative DNA damage, plant mitochondrial genomes are expansive in size and include noncoding repeat sequences, a small number of which are greater than 1kilobase (kb), known hereafter as “large repeats” (LR). This theme of one or more large repeat pairs is shared across most flowering plants, lending to the belief that they somehow contribute to the plant’s fitness. These repeats exhibit high rates of rearrangement and recombination. Studying repeats in vivo could have large scale implications in hybrid crop production enhancement including eliminating …

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Ecology And Host Manipulation By An Egg-Larva Parasitoid Of Chrysodeixis Includens (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), Daniel V.C. Neves, Renata R. Pereira, Julia N.D. Campos, Rodrigo S. Ramos, Paulo A.S. Junior, Daiane G. Carmo, Marcelo C. Picanço Jul 2023

Ecology And Host Manipulation By An Egg-Larva Parasitoid Of Chrysodeixis Includens (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), Daniel V.C. Neves, Renata R. Pereira, Julia N.D. Campos, Rodrigo S. Ramos, Paulo A.S. Junior, Daiane G. Carmo, Marcelo C. Picanço

Department of Entomology: Faculty Publications

Parasitoids are among the main natural enemies of crop pests. Copidosoma truncatellum (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae) is a parasitoid of Chrysodeixis includens (Walker) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae: Plusiinae), which is an important pest of soybean, bean, cotton, sunflower, tomato and potato. Copidosoma are parasitoids of lepidopteran egg-larva, especially those of the subfamily Plusiinae. The embryonic development of the Copidosoma parasitoid begins in the lepidopteran egg, and this development extends to the beginning of the host larval stage of the parasitized lepidopteran. However, the rate of parasitism is a complex ecological relationship affected by climatic elements and age of the host. Thus, the present study …

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Loss Of Flockmates Weakens Winter Site Fidelity In Golden-Crowned Sparrows (Zonotrichia Atricapilla), Anastasia E. Madsen, Bruce E. Lyon, Alexis S. Chaine, Theadora A. Block, Daizaburo Shizuka Jul 2023

Loss Of Flockmates Weakens Winter Site Fidelity In Golden-Crowned Sparrows (Zonotrichia Atricapilla), Anastasia E. Madsen, Bruce E. Lyon, Alexis S. Chaine, Theadora A. Block, Daizaburo Shizuka

School of Biological Sciences: Faculty Publications

Animal social interactions have an intrinsic spatial basis as many of these interactions occur in spatial proximity. This presents a dilemma when determining causality: Do individuals interact socially because they happen to share space, or do they share space because they are socially linked? We present a method that uses demographic turnover events as a natural experiment to investigate the links between social associations and space use in the context of interannual winter site fidelity in a migratory bird. We previously found that golden-crowned sparrows (Zonotrichia atricapilla) show consistent flocking relationships across years, and that familiarity between individuals …

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Transcriptional Regulation Of The Synthesis And Secretion Of Farnesol In The Fungus Candida Albicans: Examination Of The Homann Transcription Regulator Knockout Collection, Daniel Gutzmann, Jaxon J. Kramer, Brigid M. Toomey, Cory Honsinger Thomas Boone, Audrey L. Atkin, Kenneth Nickerson Jul 2023

Transcriptional Regulation Of The Synthesis And Secretion Of Farnesol In The Fungus Candida Albicans: Examination Of The Homann Transcription Regulator Knockout Collection, Daniel Gutzmann, Jaxon J. Kramer, Brigid M. Toomey, Cory Honsinger Thomas Boone, Audrey L. Atkin, Kenneth Nickerson

School of Biological Sciences: Faculty Publications

Candida albicans is an efficient colonizer of human gastrointestinal tracts and skin and is an opportunistic pathogen. C. albicans exhibits morphological plasticity, and the ability to switch between yeast and filamentous morphologies is associated with virulence. One regulator of this switch is the quorum sensing molecule farnesol that is produced by C. albicans throughout growth. However, the synthesis, secretion, regulation, and turnover of farnesol are not fully understood. To address this, we used our improved farnesol assay to screen a transcription regulator knockout library for differences in farnesol accumulation in whole cultures, pellets, and supernatants. All screened mutants …

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Transcriptional Regulation Of The Synthesis And Secretion Of Farnesol In The Fungus Candida Albicans: Examination Of The Homann Transcription Regulator Knockout Collection, Daniel Gutzmann, Jaxon J. Kramer, Brigid M. Toomey, Cory Honsinger Thomas Boone, Audrey L. Atkin, Kenneth Nickerson Jul 2023

Transcriptional Regulation Of The Synthesis And Secretion Of Farnesol In The Fungus Candida Albicans: Examination Of The Homann Transcription Regulator Knockout Collection, Daniel Gutzmann, Jaxon J. Kramer, Brigid M. Toomey, Cory Honsinger Thomas Boone, Audrey L. Atkin, Kenneth Nickerson

School of Biological Sciences: Faculty Publications

Candida albicans is an efficient colonizer of human gastrointestinal tracts and skin and is an opportunistic pathogen. C. albicans exhibits morphological plasticity, and the ability to switch between yeast and filamentous morphologies is associated with virulence. One regulator of this switch is the quorum sensing molecule farnesol that is produced by C. albicans throughout growth. However, the synthesis, secretion, regulation, and turnover of farnesol are not fully understood. To address this, we used our improved farnesol assay to screen a transcription regulator knockout library for differences in farnesol accumulation in whole cultures, pellets, and supernatants. All screened mutants produced …

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Beef Color And Tenderness Response To Production Systems Utilizing Additive Combinations Of Growth-Promotant Technologies, Megan J. Webb, Janna J. Block, John R. Jaeger, R. Funston, Michael G. Gonda, Keith R. Underwood, Judson K. Grubbs, Kenneth C. Olson, Amanda D. Blair Jul 2023

Beef Color And Tenderness Response To Production Systems Utilizing Additive Combinations Of Growth-Promotant Technologies, Megan J. Webb, Janna J. Block, John R. Jaeger, R. Funston, Michael G. Gonda, Keith R. Underwood, Judson K. Grubbs, Kenneth C. Olson, Amanda D. Blair

West Central Research and Extension Center, North Platte

The objective of this study was to compare the influence of beef production systems using additive combinations of growth-promotant technologies on meat quality. Steer calves (n = 120) were assigned to 1 of 4 treatments: 1) no technology (NT; control), 2) antibiotic treated (ANT; NT plus therapeutic antibiotics, monensin, and tylosin), 3) implant treated (IMP; ANT plus a series of three implants), and 4) beta-agonist treated (BA; IMP plus ractopamine-HCl). Muscle biopsy samples from the longissimus lumborum were extracted from a subset (n = 4 per treatment) of steers to evaluate expression of calpain-1, calpain-2, and calpastatin using …

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Light Alters Leaf Breakdown Rates And Metabolic Activity In Anthropogenically Impacted Nebraska Streams, William Reilly Farrell Jul 2023

Light Alters Leaf Breakdown Rates And Metabolic Activity In Anthropogenically Impacted Nebraska Streams, William Reilly Farrell

School of Natural Resources: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research

Algal growth influences carbon breakdown rates in aquatic ecosystems; however, the magnitude and direction of these effects differ based on ecosystem context. To explore algal priming effects on decomposition in anthropogenically impacted ecosystems, I conducted light manipulation experiments in three streams, each surrounded by different land uses (i.e., predominantly urban, row crop, or concentrated animal feeding operation) across Nebraska. I measured leaf breakdown rates, metabolic activity, fungal and algal biomass, and leaf percent carbon (C) and phosphorus (P) to assess the effect of light differences. These streams were impacted by sedimentation and turbidity over the course of the leaf incubation. …

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Pronghorn Survival And Resource Selection In Western Nebraska's Agriculturally Dominated Landscape, Katie Piecora Jul 2023

Pronghorn Survival And Resource Selection In Western Nebraska's Agriculturally Dominated Landscape, Katie Piecora

School of Natural Resources: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research

Nebraska’s pronghorn population has been stable over the last decade, yet their presence on the landscape remains a contentious subject amongst private landowners. Conversion of grassland for crop production and increased anthropogenic activity has drastically altered pronghorn behavior throughout their current range, however basic ecology and resource use by pronghorn in Nebraska remains poorly understood. Establishing baseline population metrics and seasonal patterns of resource use for this population at the eastern periphery of the species range is critical to guide management actions. We deployed GPS collars on 110 adult pronghorn to quantify survival, mortality risk, and seasonal resource selection in …

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A Synopsis Of The New World Genera Of Phileurini (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Dynastinae), With English And Spanish Keys To The Genera, Brett C. Ratcliffe, Ronald D. Cave Jul 2023

A Synopsis Of The New World Genera Of Phileurini (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Dynastinae), With English And Spanish Keys To The Genera, Brett C. Ratcliffe, Ronald D. Cave

Department of Entomology: Faculty Publications

The 22 genera of New World Phileurini are briefly reviewed and characterized, and English and Spanish keys to all the genera are provided for the first time, thus facilitating generic identifications. Chiliphileurus Endrödi (a junior synonym of the Asian genus Eophileurus Arrow), Moraguesia Dechambre (transferred to Oxyligyrus Arrow in the tribe Pentodontini), and Platyphileurus Ohaus (transferred to the tribe Oryctini) are no longer part of the New World phileurine fauna. The monobasic Phileucourtus Dechambre is considered a junior synonym of Hemiphileurus Kolbe.

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Increasing Rye Cover Crop Biomass Production After Corn Residue Removal To Balance Economics And Soil Health, Sabrina J. Ruis, Humberto Blanco-Canqui, Paul J. Jasa, Glen Slater, Richard B. Ferguson Jul 2023

Increasing Rye Cover Crop Biomass Production After Corn Residue Removal To Balance Economics And Soil Health, Sabrina J. Ruis, Humberto Blanco-Canqui, Paul J. Jasa, Glen Slater, Richard B. Ferguson

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

Low or variable cover crop (CC) biomass production could limit CC benefits. Longer CC growing periods via late termination could increase CC benefits, especially under limited crop residue return. We studied whether early (2–3 wk before planting)- or late (at planting)-terminated winter rye (Secale cereale L.) CC maintains soil properties, crop yields, and farm income under 0%, 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100% corn (Zea mays L.) residue removal in rainfed and irrigated no-till in the U.S. Great Plains after 6 yr. Early-terminated CCs produced < 1 Mg ha-1 of biomass while late-terminated CCs averaged 1.6 Mg ha-1 at the rainfed …

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Investigating The Physiological Mechanisms Between Resistance Training And Pain Relief In The Cancer Population: A Literature Review, Yvonne Jiang, Peter C. Angeletti, Amy J. Hoffman Jul 2023

Investigating The Physiological Mechanisms Between Resistance Training And Pain Relief In The Cancer Population: A Literature Review, Yvonne Jiang, Peter C. Angeletti, Amy J. Hoffman

Nebraska Center for Virology: Faculty Publications

This literature review examines the mechanisms of how exercise, specifically in the form of resistance training, may lead to pain relief in the cancer population. Primary data from three different cancer populations: breast, prostate, and lung, will be examined. A number of experimental studies have been conducted to confirm the effectiveness of resistance training on pain relief as well as the biochemical pathways that relate to this process. In this review, we will examine 5 randomized controlled trials. For the purposes of this review, pain is defined as physical suffering or discomfort associated with illness. Pain is the body’s natural …

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Exploring The Relationships Between Mammalian Functional Trait Distributions And Regional Biomes, With Application To Miocene Paleoecology, Devra Hock-Reid Jul 2023

Exploring The Relationships Between Mammalian Functional Trait Distributions And Regional Biomes, With Application To Miocene Paleoecology, Devra Hock-Reid

Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research

Paleoecology relies on understanding relationships between modern animals and their environment. Animals are adapted to niches in their environments, and those physical adaptations, or functional traits, are utilized as proxies to interpret aspects of paleo-ecosystems. Much is known about individual functional traits in extant mammals and their relationship to the environment. Less is known about how multiple functional traits across a community can be utilized for paleoecological interpretations. I develop models utilizing traits in mammalian communities at the biome level. For Chapter 1, I build a model for North American regional biomes using mammalian trait frequencies. I quantify changes in …

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Unraveling Prevalence And Effects Of Deleterious Mutations In Maize Elite Lines Across Decades Of Modern Breeding, Shichao Sun, Baobao Wang, Changyu Li, Gen Xu, Jinliang Yang, Matthew B. Hufford, Jeffrey Ross-Ibarra, Haiyang Wang, Li Wang Jul 2023

Unraveling Prevalence And Effects Of Deleterious Mutations In Maize Elite Lines Across Decades Of Modern Breeding, Shichao Sun, Baobao Wang, Changyu Li, Gen Xu, Jinliang Yang, Matthew B. Hufford, Jeffrey Ross-Ibarra, Haiyang Wang, Li Wang

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

Future breeding is likely to involve the detection and removal of deleterious alleles, which are mutations that negatively affect crop fitness. However, little is known about the prevalence of such mutations and their effects on phenotypic traits in the context of modern crop breeding. To address this, we examined the number and frequency of deleterious mutations in 350 elite maize inbred lines developed over the past few decades in China and the United States. Our findings reveal an accumulation of weakly deleterious mutations and a decrease in strongly deleterious mutations, indicating the dominant effects of genetic drift and purifying selection …

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Cobalt-Sulfur Coordination Chemistry Drives B12 Loading Onto Methionine Synthase, Romila Mascarenhas, Arkajit Guha, Zhu Li, Markus Ruetz, Sojin An, Javier Seravalli, Ruma Banerjee Jul 2023

Cobalt-Sulfur Coordination Chemistry Drives B12 Loading Onto Methionine Synthase, Romila Mascarenhas, Arkajit Guha, Zhu Li, Markus Ruetz, Sojin An, Javier Seravalli, Ruma Banerjee

Department of Biochemistry: Faculty Publications

Cobalt-sulfur (Co-S) coordination is labile to both oxidation and reduction chemistry and is rarely seen in Nature. Cobalamin (or vitamin B12) is an essential cobalt-containing organometallic cofactor in mammals, and is escorted via an intricate network of chaperones to a single cytoplasmic target, methionine synthase. In this study, we report that the human cobalamin trafficking protein, MMADHC, exploits the chemical lability of Co-S coordination, for cofactor off-loading onto methionine synthase. Cys-261 on MMADHC serves as the -axial ligand to cobalamin. Complex formation between MMADHC and methionine synthase is signaled by loss of the lower axial nitrogen ligand, leading to five-coordinate …

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Soybean Tolerance To Ultra-Low Doses Of Dicamba: Hormesis Or Not, Luka Milosevic, O. Adewale Osipitan, Jon E. Scott, Stevan Z. Knezevic Jul 2023

Soybean Tolerance To Ultra-Low Doses Of Dicamba: Hormesis Or Not, Luka Milosevic, O. Adewale Osipitan, Jon E. Scott, Stevan Z. Knezevic

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

The widespread use of dicamba across the soybean growing regions of the United States resulted in increased off-target movement of this herbicide to susceptible vegetations. There are speculations that a drift of sublethal (ultra-low) doses of dicamba can enhance soybean growth and yield through a phenomenon called hormesis. Field studies were conducted during 2018 and 2019 to determine whether soybean growth and yield can be enhanced with ultra-low doses (0.0112–56 g ae ha-1) of dicamba, applied at three growth stages (V2, R1 and R2). There was no evidence that the ultra-low doses of dicamba (0.0112–56 g ae ha …

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2023 Coordinated Spring Survey Of Mid-Continent Sandhill Cranes, Terry Liddick Jul 2023

2023 Coordinated Spring Survey Of Mid-Continent Sandhill Cranes, Terry Liddick

United States Fish and Wildlife Service: Publications

The aerial transect portion of the coordinated spring survey of mid-continent Sandhill cranes was conducted on March 22, 2023 in Nebraska’s Central Platte and North Platte River valleys (United States). The 2023 photo-corrected aerial estimate is 1,259,000 birds. Outside the traditional aerial transect portion, observers conducted ground surveys during the period March 20–22. From these regions, observers in the Official Survey Area (OSA) of Nebraska, Kansas, Texas, Oklahoma, and Wyoming reported an additional 25,363 cranes. The 2023 total estimate (1,284,500) increased 43.1% from 2022. The current three-year average (2021–2023 with no photo correction in 2021), based on photo corrected estimates …

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Harnessing Autoimmunity With Dominant Self-Peptide: Modulating The Sustainability Of Tissue-Preferential Antigen-Specific Tregs By Governing The Binding Stability Via Peptide Flanking Residues, Youwei Lin, Shun Sakuraba, Chandirasegaran Massilamany, Jayagopala Reddy, Yoshimasa Tanaka, Sachiko Miyake, Takashi Yamamura Jul 2023

Harnessing Autoimmunity With Dominant Self-Peptide: Modulating The Sustainability Of Tissue-Preferential Antigen-Specific Tregs By Governing The Binding Stability Via Peptide Flanking Residues, Youwei Lin, Shun Sakuraba, Chandirasegaran Massilamany, Jayagopala Reddy, Yoshimasa Tanaka, Sachiko Miyake, Takashi Yamamura

School of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences: Faculty Publications

Sensitization to self-peptides induces various immunological responses, from autoimmunity to tumor immunity, depending on the peptide sequence; however, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear, and thus, curative therapeutic options considering immunity balance are limited. Herein, two overlapping dominant peptides of myelin proteolipid protein, PLP136-150 and PLP139-151, which induce different forms of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), monophasic and relapsing EAE, respectively, were investigated. Mice with monophasic EAE exhibited highly resistant to EAE re-induction with any encephalitogenic peptides, whereas mice with relapsing EAE were susceptible, and progressed, to EAE re-induction. This resistance to relapse and reinduction in monophasic EAE mice was associated with …

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Combining Host And Rumen Metagenome Profiling For Selection In Sheep: Prediction Of Methane, Feed Efficiency, Production, And Health Traits, Melanie K. Hess, Larissa Zetouni, Andrew S. Hess, Juliana Budel, Ken G. Dodds, Hannah M. Henry, Rudiger Brauning, Alan F. Mcculloch, Sharon M. Hickey, Patricia L. Johnson, Sara Elmes, Janine Wing, Brooke Bryson, Kevin Knowler, Dianne Hyndman, Hayley Baird, Kathryn M. Mcrae, Arjan Jonker, Peter H. Janssen, John C. Mcewan, Suzanne J. Rowe Jul 2023

Combining Host And Rumen Metagenome Profiling For Selection In Sheep: Prediction Of Methane, Feed Efficiency, Production, And Health Traits, Melanie K. Hess, Larissa Zetouni, Andrew S. Hess, Juliana Budel, Ken G. Dodds, Hannah M. Henry, Rudiger Brauning, Alan F. Mcculloch, Sharon M. Hickey, Patricia L. Johnson, Sara Elmes, Janine Wing, Brooke Bryson, Kevin Knowler, Dianne Hyndman, Hayley Baird, Kathryn M. Mcrae, Arjan Jonker, Peter H. Janssen, John C. Mcewan, Suzanne J. Rowe

Department of Animal Science: Faculty Publications

Background Rumen microbes break down complex dietary carbohydrates into energy sources for the host and are increasingly shown to be a key aspect of animal performance. Host genotypes can be combined with microbial DNA sequencing to predict performance traits or traits related to environmental impact, such as enteric methane emissions. Metagenome profiles were generated from 3139 rumen samples, collected from 1200 dual purpose ewes, using restriction enzyme-reduced representation sequencing (RE-RRS). Phenotypes were available for methane (CH4) and carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions, the ratio of CH4 to CH4 plus CO2 (CH4Ratio), feed efficiency (residual feed intake: RFI), liveweight at the time …

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Waterbody Size Predicts Bank- And Boat-Angler Efforts, Derek S. Kane, Kevin L. Pope, Keith D. Koupal, Mark A. Pegg, Christopher J. Chizinski, Mark A. Kaemingk Jul 2023

Waterbody Size Predicts Bank- And Boat-Angler Efforts, Derek S. Kane, Kevin L. Pope, Keith D. Koupal, Mark A. Pegg, Christopher J. Chizinski, Mark A. Kaemingk

Nebraska Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit: Staff Publications

Bank- and boat-angler efforts are logistically difficult and costly to estimate, preventing landscape-scale estimates that are required to address current and future challenges (e.g., climate change, invasive species) for inland recreational fisheries. Using a large Nebraska, USA, recreational fishery dataset (N = 67 waterbodies), we demonstrate that waterbody size can be used to predict bank- and boat-angler efforts across a heterogeneous landscape of extra small (< 104 ha) and large (> 647 ha) waterbodies. Bank and boat anglers respond to waterbody size, however these relationships appear to be unique between the two angler types. Boat-angler efforts increased as a function of waterbody size, whereas bank-angler …

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The Knowns And Unknowns Of Cardiac Autoimmunity In Viral Myocarditis, Kiruthiga Mone, Jay Reddy Jul 2023

The Knowns And Unknowns Of Cardiac Autoimmunity In Viral Myocarditis, Kiruthiga Mone, Jay Reddy

School of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences: Faculty Publications

Myocarditis can result from various infectious and non‐infectious causes that can lead to dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) and heart failure. Among the infectious causes, viruses are commonly suspected. But the challenge is our inability to demonstrate infectious viral particles during clinical presentations, partly because by that point, the viruses would have damaged the tissues and be cleared by the immune system. Therefore, viral signatures such as viral nucleic acids and virus-reactive antibodies may be the only readouts pointing to viruses as potential primary triggers of DCM. Thus, it becomes hard to explain persistent inflammatory infiltrates that might occur in individuals affected …

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Homeobox Transcription Factor Hbxa Influences Expression Of Over One Thousand Genes In The Model Fungus Aspergillus Nidulans, Sandesh S. Pandit, Jinfang Zheng, Yanbin Yan, Sophie Lorber, Olivier Puel, Sourabh Dhingra, Eduardo A. Espeso, Ana M. Calvo Jul 2023

Homeobox Transcription Factor Hbxa Influences Expression Of Over One Thousand Genes In The Model Fungus Aspergillus Nidulans, Sandesh S. Pandit, Jinfang Zheng, Yanbin Yan, Sophie Lorber, Olivier Puel, Sourabh Dhingra, Eduardo A. Espeso, Ana M. Calvo

Food for Health: Publications

In fungi, conserved homeobox-domain proteins are transcriptional regulators governing development. In Aspergillus species, several homeobox-domain transcription factor genes have been identified, among them, hbxA/hbx1. For instance, in the opportunistic human pathogen Aspergillus fumigatus, hbxA is involved in conidial production and germination, as well as virulence and secondary metabolism, including production of fumigaclavines, fumiquinazolines, and chaetominine. In the agriculturally important fungus Aspergillus flavus, disruption of hbx1 results in fluffy aconidial colonies unable to produce sclerotia. hbx1 also regulates production of aflatoxins, cyclopiazonic acid and aflatrem. Furthermore, transcriptome studies revealed that hbx1 has a broad effect on …

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Preclinical Characterization Of The Efficacy And Safety Of Biologic N‑001 As A Novel Pain Analgesic For Post‑Operative Acute Pain Treatment, Derek Allen, Samerender Nagam Hanumantharao, Rylie Mcdonell, Karen‑Amanda Irvine, Peyman Sahbaie, David Clark, Paul H. Blum Jul 2023

Preclinical Characterization Of The Efficacy And Safety Of Biologic N‑001 As A Novel Pain Analgesic For Post‑Operative Acute Pain Treatment, Derek Allen, Samerender Nagam Hanumantharao, Rylie Mcdonell, Karen‑Amanda Irvine, Peyman Sahbaie, David Clark, Paul H. Blum

School of Biological Sciences: Faculty Publications

Inhibition of actin remodeling in nerves modulates action potential propagation and therefore could be used to treat acute pain. N-001 is a novel protein analgesic engineered from several C. Botulinum toxins. N-001 targets sensory neurons through ganglioside GT1b binding and ADP-ribosylates G-actin reducing actin remodeling. The activity and efficacy of N-001 was evaluated previously in vitro and in a mouse inflammatory pain model. To assess the relevance of N-001 for treatment of acute post-surgical pain, the current study evaluated the efficacy of N-001 in a mouse hind-paw incision model by periincisional and popliteal nerve block administration combined with mechanical …

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Homeobox Transcription Factor Hbxa Influences Expression Of Over One Thousand Genes In The Model Fungus Aspergillus Nidulans, Sandesh S. Pandit, Jinfang Zheng, Yanbin Yin, Sophie Lorber, Olivier Puel, Sourabh Dhingra, Eduardo A. Espeso, Ana M. Calvo Jul 2023

Homeobox Transcription Factor Hbxa Influences Expression Of Over One Thousand Genes In The Model Fungus Aspergillus Nidulans, Sandesh S. Pandit, Jinfang Zheng, Yanbin Yin, Sophie Lorber, Olivier Puel, Sourabh Dhingra, Eduardo A. Espeso, Ana M. Calvo

Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences: Faculty Publications

In fungi, conserved homeobox-domain proteins are transcriptional regulators governing development. In Aspergillus species, several homeobox-domain transcription factor genes have been identified, among them, hbxA/hbx1. For instance, in the opportunistic human pathogen Aspergillus fumigatus, hbxA is involved in conidial production and germination, as well as virulence and secondary metabolism, including production of fumigaclavines, fumiquinazolines, and chaetominine. In the agriculturally important fungus Aspergillus flavus, disruption of hbx1 results in fluffy aconidial colonies unable to produce sclerotia. hbx1 also regulates production of aflatoxins, cyclopiazonic acid and aflatrem. Furthermore, transcriptome studies revealed that hbx1 has a broad effect on the A. flavus …

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Method Developments To Identify Loci And Selection Patterns Associated With Genotype By Environment Interactions In Soybean, Mary M. Happ Jul 2023

Method Developments To Identify Loci And Selection Patterns Associated With Genotype By Environment Interactions In Soybean, Mary M. Happ

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research

For many complex traits such as grain yield, genotype by environment (GxE) interactions are a prevalent source of phenotypic variation. Exploring the capacity of different methodologies to help describe and quantify the GxE interaction landscape for grain yield is an important step in informing plant breeders what the most viable strategies for management and exploitation of GxE may be. In this endeavor, we compared the results from multiple genome wide association studies (GWAS) that used either stability estimators as a phenotype to capture GxE variance, or directly mapped GxE in a mixed model for yield. Leading into this study, a …

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Sars‑Cov‑2 Entry Into And Evolution Within A Skilled Nursing Facility, Nicole R. Sexton, Parker Parker Cline, Emily N. Gallichotte, Emily Fitzmeyer, Michael C. Young, Ashley J. Janich, Kristy L. Pabilonia, Nicole Ehrhart, Gregory D. Ebel Jul 2023

Sars‑Cov‑2 Entry Into And Evolution Within A Skilled Nursing Facility, Nicole R. Sexton, Parker Parker Cline, Emily N. Gallichotte, Emily Fitzmeyer, Michael C. Young, Ashley J. Janich, Kristy L. Pabilonia, Nicole Ehrhart, Gregory D. Ebel

Nebraska Center for Virology: Faculty Publications

SARS-CoV-2 belongs to the family Coronaviridae which includes multiple human pathogens that have an outsized impact on aging populations. As a novel human pathogen, SARS-CoV-2 is undergoing continuous adaptation to this new host species and there is evidence of this throughout the scientific and public literature. However, most investigations of SARS-CoV-2 evolution have focused on largescale collections of data across diverse populations and/or living environments. Here we investigate SARS-CoV-2 evolution in epidemiologically linked individuals within a single outbreak at a skilled nursing facility beginning with initial introduction of the pathogen. The data demonstrate that SARSCoV- 2 was introduced to the …

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Crop-Livestock Diversification And Efficiency In Agriculture, Jay Parsons, Maroua Afi Jul 2023

Crop-Livestock Diversification And Efficiency In Agriculture, Jay Parsons, Maroua Afi

Cornhusker Economics

Diversification is a familiar strategy for managing risk in agriculture. It can take several forms including growing more than one crop or operating a farm with both crop and livestock enterprises. As with other strategies for managing risk, diversification comes with a unique set of costs. Managing a farm with multiple enterprises creates additional overhead as well as additional demands on management, labor, land, capital, and other resources. Diversification adds complexity to an operation and too much complexity can lead to inefficiencies.

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Pyrroline-5-Carboxylate Reductase-2 Promotes Colorectal Carcinogenesis By Modulating Microtubule-Associated Serine/Threonine Kinase-Like/Wnt/Β-Catenin Signaling, Raju Lama Tamang, Balawant Kumar, Sagar M. Patel, Ishwor Thapa, Alshomrani Ahmad, Vikas Kumar, Rizwan Ahmad, Donald F. Becker, Dundy Kiran Bastola, Punita Dhawan, Amar B. Singh Jul 2023

Pyrroline-5-Carboxylate Reductase-2 Promotes Colorectal Carcinogenesis By Modulating Microtubule-Associated Serine/Threonine Kinase-Like/Wnt/Β-Catenin Signaling, Raju Lama Tamang, Balawant Kumar, Sagar M. Patel, Ishwor Thapa, Alshomrani Ahmad, Vikas Kumar, Rizwan Ahmad, Donald F. Becker, Dundy Kiran Bastola, Punita Dhawan, Amar B. Singh

Department of Biochemistry: Faculty Publications

Background: Despite significant progress in clinical management, colorectal cancer (CRC) remains the third most common cause of cancer-related deaths. A positive association between PYCR2 (pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase-2), a terminal enzyme of proline metabolism, and CRC aggressiveness was recently reported. However, how PYCR2 promotes colon carcinogenesis remains ill understood. Methods: A comprehensive analysis was performed using publicly available cancer databases and CRC patient cohorts. Proteomics and biochemical evaluations were performed along with genetic manipulations and in vivo tumor growth assays to gain a mechanistic understanding. Results: PYCR2 expression was significantly upregulated in CRC and associated with poor patient survival, specifically among PYCR …

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