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Agricultural Experiment Station News September 1990

Agricultural Research Division: News and Annual Reports

CONTENTS:
NATIONAL SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE & NATURAL RESOURCES CONFERENCE
ARD ADVISORY COUNCIL ELECTION RESULTS
SOYBEAN PRODUCTION, UTILIZATION AND MARKETING AT 1990 IANR EXPO
COMPARING FEDERAL COMPETITIVE GRANT PROGRAMS
FY 1991 CSRS BUDGET• HOUSE VERSION
FY 1989 ARD EXPENDITURES BY SOURCE
ANNE VIDA VER APPOINTED TO APUA SCIENTIFIC ADVISORY BOARD
FY 1989 ARD EFFORTS CLASSIFIED BY RESEARCH PROGRAM
HARDIN DISTINGUISHED GRADUATE FELLOWSHIP 1990 - 1991
WIDAMAN TRUST DISTINGUISHED GRADUATE ASSISTANT AWARD
INTERNATIONAL TRAVEL AWARDS 1990
UNIVERSITY OF NEBRASKA FOUNDATION GRANT AWARD 1990
SAMPSON RANGE & PASTURE MANAGEMENT ENDOWMENT 1990
INTERDISCIPLINARY RESEARCH SUPPORT PROGRAM 1990
NEW OR REVISED PROJECTS
GRANTS AND CONTRACTS RECEIVED …

Sex Reversal Of Tilapia In Earthen Ponds, Tom Popma, Bartholomew Green

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

This Aquacultural Production Manual from the International Center for Aquaculture at Auburn University is oriented towards field application rather than rigorous scientific evaluation of the described techniques. The management practices have been field tested and proven feasible at the described scale of production.

The intended readers are intermediate to upper level technicians with experience in related aquacultural activities. As such, a basic understanding of the principles of aquatic production and of the life history and environmental requirements of tilapia is presumed.

Nebline, August 1990

NEBLINE Newsletter Archive from Nebraska Extension in Lancaster County

Ag Update: Agricultural News & Events

Home Extension News

On-the-Grow: Horticulture News & Recommendations

The Cloverline: 4-H News and Events

Extension Calendar

and other extension news

Special Lancaster County Fair Insert

Hexapod Herald - Vol. 1, No. 13, July 2, 1990

Hexapod Herald and Other Entomology Department Newsletters

Miscellaneous

New or revised projects

Grants

Graduate students

Entomological Scoiety of America, North Central Branch News

Publications

Traveling out of the department

Nebline, July 1990

NEBLINE Newsletter Archive from Nebraska Extension in Lancaster County

Ag Update: Agricultural News & Events

Home Extension News

On-the-Grow: Horticulture News & Recommendations

The Cloverline: 4-H News and Events

Extension Calendar

and other extension news

Agricultural Research Division Annual Report 1990 [104th]

Agricultural Research Division: News and Annual Reports

It is a pleasure to provide the 104th Annual Report of the UNL Agricultural Research Division (ARD). This report contains lists of current faculty; active research projects; refereed journal articles, books and book chapters, and theses and dissertations published; germplasm/cultivars released; and patents awarded. Also included are brief descriptions of selected research and the financial report for the period July 1, 1989, through June 30, 1990. This report was compiled in compliance with the intent of the law of the State of Nebraska that established the Nebraska Agricultural Experiment Station on March 31, 1887.

Foreword ... v

Administrative Personnel ... …

Insect, Plant Disease, And Weed Science News, No. 90-14, June 29, 1990, Alex Martin, Bob N. Stougarrd, Lisa Brown Jasa

Insect, Plant Disease, and Weed Science News (1987-1992)

In This Issue

Plant Disease

Wheat Leaf Rust Causing Early Flag Leaf Loss .................... 85

Wheat Scab Discovered in South Central Nebraska .................... 85

After the Recent Storms: Forecast Ideal for Diseases In Corn: Holcus Spot and Goss's Wilt, Blight .................... 86

In Soybeans: Bacterial Blight .................... 86

Barberry Shrubs Show Verticillium Wilt Symptoms .................... 87

Good Samples, Labels Essential to Diagnoses .................... 87

Weed Science

Attack Perennial Weeds at Early Flower Stage .................... 87

ACR Acres Offer Good Potential For Weed Control .................... 88

Insect Science

Chinch Bug Invasion Continues .................... 88

Tiger Mosquito May Enter State .................... 88 …

Heterogeneous Within-Herd Variance. 1. Genetic Parameters For First And Second Lactation Milk Yields Of Grade Holstein Cows, T. H. Short, R. W. Blake, R. L. Quaas, L. Dale Van Vleck

Department of Animal Science: Faculty Publications

Genetic and environmental (co)variance components for 4% FCM yield were simultaneously estimated by REML for grade cows from herds stratified by within-herd SD for 305d mature equivalent milk and time period. Data were lactation records from 299,441 daughters of 2489 AI b d s that calved for the first time from 1970 to 1985 in California, New York, or Texas.
Sire and residual variance components for FCM increased with SD in all time periods and were slightly larger for second than for first lactations. Residual components were of uniform size across time periods within each SD class, but sire components …

Beef & Forage Conference, June 13-14, 1990. Omaha, Nebraska

Range Beef Cow Symposium

SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE: IMPLICATIONS FOR BEEF PRODUCTION ● John E. Ikerd

Opportunities to Control Input Costs - An Iowa Perspective ● Daryl Strohbehn, Extension Beef Specialist, Iowa State University

INTEGRATED RESOURCE MANAGEMENT ● Rick Rasby & Marshall Frasier, Department of Animal Science, University of Nebraska

MATCHING BEEF COW TYPES TO LOW INPUT MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS ● Jim Gosey, Animal Science Department, University of Nebraska, Lincoln

Low Input Growing-Finishing Systems ● Rick Stock, Terry Klopfenstein and Mike Sindt, Animal Science Department, University of Nebraska, Lincoln

PASTURE ESTABLISHMENT PRACTICES ● Stephen K. Barnhart, Extension Agronomist – Forages, Iowa State University

Growth and Response of …

Nebline, June 1990

NEBLINE Newsletter Archive from Nebraska Extension in Lancaster County

Ag Update: Agricultural News & Events

Home Extension News

On-the-Grow: Horticulture News & Recommendations

The Cloverline: 4-H News and Events

Extension Calendar

and other extension news

Wetlands Provisions In The 1985 And 1990 Farm Bills, F. Gregory Hayden

Department of Economics: Faculty Publications

In 1984, my national agricultural policy article surprised some readers because its first concern was with policy regarding the natural environment [Hayden 1984]. Others thought it contained the policy agenda that agricultural policymakers could expect in the future. The future came more quickly than most expected when the 1985 Farm Bill (Food Security Act) included provisions to limit harmful impacts of the agriculture industry on the environment. The purpose of this article is to explore the importance, success, and future of the Swampbuster provision that was intended to protect wetlands in the United States from further agricultural destruction.

Prevalence Of Baculovirus Penaei In Experimentally Infected White Shrimp (Penaeus Vannamei) Relative To Age, Brian D. Leblanc, Robin M. Overstreet

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

Age of Penaeus vannamei influences infections with Baculovirus penaei in different ways. The virus has less effect on host survival in the older of seven tested age-groups of shrimp experimentally administered virus; no virus-induced mortality occurred in postlarvae older than 63 days. Prevalence of newly acquired infections decreases as age increases, sometimes to zero. Prepatency periods appear to increase by a few days in infections in most successively older tested age-groups. Actual and relative numbers of affected hepatopancreatic cells decrease from 75 or 80% typically seen in postlarvae infected when 3 days old to ≤ 5% typically seen in infected …

Nebline, May 1990

NEBLINE Newsletter Archive from Nebraska Extension in Lancaster County

Ag Update: Agricultural News & Events

Home Extension News

On-the-Grow: Horticulture News & Recommendations

The Cloverline: 4-H News and Events

Extension Calendar

and other extension news

Wpa News 28 (1990), World Pheasant Association

Galliformes Specialist Group and Affiliated Societies: Newsletters

WPA News (May 1990), number 28

Published by the World Pheasant Association

Insect, Plant Disease, And Weed Science News, No. 90-3, April 6, 1990, Alex Martin, Bob N. Stougarrd

Insect, Plant Disease, and Weed Science News (1987-1992)

In This Issue

Weed Science

Herbicide Label Changes Outlined ........................... 13

Early Weed COlltrol Important to Maintaining Healthy Turf ............................. 14

NebGuide Explains Process for Submitting Pest/Plant Samples ............................................ 14

Plant Disease

Soilborne Wheat Mosaic Symptoms Now Evident in Eastern Nebraska ...................... 15

Tomato Spotted Wilt Virus Attacks a Wide Range of Plants .................................... 15

It's Time for Garden Clean-up ................................. 15

Prune to Eliminate Black Knot ............................... .16

Dethatch and Aerify Lawn for Thatch Management Program .................... 16

Insect

Thrips Damage Horticultural Plantings .................... 16

Treatment Recommendations Changed .................... 17

Chinch Bug Migration Beginning ............................. 17

Panhandle Insect Problems …

Department Of Agricultural Education And Center For Leadership Development Academic Departmental Review 1989-1990: Self-Study Report

Department of Agricultural Leadership, Education, and Communication: Materials and History

Complete Self-Study

Self-Study Report: 03 Strategic Plans

Department of Agricultural Leadership, Education, and Communication: Materials and History

Much time and effort have gone into the Institute of Agriculture and Natural Resources (IANR) and the Department of Agricultural Education's strategic planning effort. Coincidentally, the Department had started its own process of strategic planning in the summer of 1987 where it identified the four departmental "thrust" areas.

The IANR process was started in the fall of 1987 by the Vice Chancellor Omtvedt of the Institute and was to be followed by a series of meetings, not only within the Institute, but with town hall meetings around Nebraska, to ensure a broad representation of input regarding future directions of IANR. …

Self-Study Report: 02 General Information

Department of Agricultural Leadership, Education, and Communication: Materials and History

Agriculture and agribusiness are Nebraska's dominant industries. Ninety-six percent (47.1 million acres) of the state's land area is occupied by 55,000 farms and ranches. Over one-half of the states workers depend upon agriculture and business for their livelihood. The average growing season ranges from 170 days in southeast Nebraska to 120 days in the northwest. Underneath Nebraska is stored nearly 2 billion acre-feet of water, and in Nebraska we receive an average of 90 million acre-feed of precipitation yearly.

Approximately 17 million acres are utilized as cropland, of which approximately 8 million are irrigated. Corn, soybeans, winter wheat, and sorghum …

Twinning In Cattle: 111. Effects Of Twinning On Dystocia, Reproductive Traits, Calf Survival, Calf Growth And Cow Productivity, K. E. Gregory, S. E. Echternkamp, G. E. Dickerson, Larry V. Cundiff, R. M. Koch, L. Dale Van Vleck

Department of Animal Science: Faculty Publications

An evaluation of natural twinning in beef cattle revealed that cows birthing twins had shorter (P < .0l) gestation lengths, more (P < .0l) retained placentas, more (P < .01) dystocia, more (P < .0l) days to estrus, lower (P < .0l) conception rates and more (P < .01) days to pregnancy than cows birthing singles. Days to estrus, conception rate and days to pregnancy were not affected by number of calves reared (1 vs 2) in cows birthing twins. Survival at birth was greater (P < .0l) for single- than for twin-born calves, but twins and singles did not differ (P > .05) in postnatal survival. When dystocia was experienced, calf survival at birth was 95% vs 73% for singles vs twins compared with 99% vs 92% when no dystocia was experienced. Calves born twins were lighter (P < .01) at birth, 100 d and 200 d, but twins and singles did not differ in postweaning gains. Total calf weights at 100 d per cow calving were 12% greater (P < .01) in cows birthing twins vs singles when twin calves reared by foster dams were! excluded. The potential increase in cow productivity for total calf weight at 100 d is 40% if calf survival rates of twins with dystocia relative to survival rates of twins without dystocia were comparable to survival rates of singles with and without dystocia, and if cows birthing twins were fed and managed to obtain conception rates equal to those of cows birthing singles. Identification of cows gestating twins to provide for their higher prepartum nutritive requirements and calving assistance at parturition is necessary to make twinning in cattle an economically viable technology.

Lamb Predation In Patagonian Ranches, J. Bellati, J. Von Thungen

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 14th (1990)

Lamb predation in Patagonia, Argentina, is considered by ranchers as the cause of one of their greatest losses and limits sheep production. Patagonian red fox (Dusicyon culpaeus) is the main predator and the magnitude of the problem reflects its distribution and abundance. Since 1979, the Bariloche Experimental Station of the Instituto Nacional de Technologia Agropecuaria (INTA) has performed 8 studies, totaling 1,717 lamb necropsies, with the purpose of determining the relative importance of predation and other causes of lamb mortality. This paper analyzes the causes of lamb mortality, with special reference to red fox and carnivorous bird predation. …

Rodent Problems In Range Rehabilitation, Richard Everett, Steve Monsen

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 14th (1990)

Seed predation by rodents has limited successful re-establishment of desirable shrubs, forbs, and grasses on degraded western rangelands. We need to develop methods that temporarily reduce rodent numbers or their predation of planted seed if we are to establish diverse rangeland plant communities. Range site conversion treatments of chaining, prescribed burning, spraying, or drilling have not been effective in reducing deer mice populations. However, seed predation has been reduced by adopting seeding strategies that mimic natural seed predation avoidance mechanisms. Seedings have been designed to mimic the "satiation" strategy for plant establishment by providing more seed and sacrifice foods than …

Reproduction And Population Structure Of Pocket Gophers (Thomomvs Bottae) From Irrigated Alfalfa Fields, Susan C. Loeb

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 14th (1990)

Pocket gophers were collected from irrigated alfalfa fields (IRR) and non-irrigated fallow fields (NIRR) in Davis, California, for 2 years. Reproduction was continuous in IRR fields with very little seasonal variation in reproductive activity. In contrast, reproduction in NIRR fields occurred primarily during the rainy season (winter and spring). Females in IRR fields produced approximately twice as many litters per year (3.6-3.9) as females in NIRR habitats (1.7). The high reproductive potential of adult females in IRR fields coupled with the early age of sexual maturity among young females suggests that population recovery after control measures is likely to be …

Vertebrate Pests Of Uk Agriculture: Present Problems And Future Solutions, Anthony R. Hardy

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 14th (1990)

The status of damage by vertebrate pests to growing and stored agricultural crops is reviewed in the light of changing patterns of agricultural practice and land use within the UK. Significant problems and existing management techniques are briefly discussed. The results of recent research by the Agricultural Department and Advisory Service (ADAS) of the Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food are explored to indicate the future direction of vertebrate pest management to reduce crop damage. Recent changes in legislation and public attitudes impose constraints on some of the approaches to solving problems. The continued role of traditional control methods is …

Rodents As A Food Source, Lynwood A. Fiedler

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 14th (1990)

Rodents, one of several kinds of vertebrates included in the human diet, are very suitable as human food. More than 71 genera and 89 species of rodents, mostly hystricomorphs, have been consumed by man. Some have even been domesticated for private or commercial production of food for human consumption. Rodents in the temperate world serve only as a supplement to the regular diet of humans; but in the tropical world, they are widely accepted and a popular source of protein. Although harvesting field rats for human food is beneficial, it is not an effective pest control strategy. Consuming rodents in …

Sorghum Nutritional Quality, Gebisa Ejeta, Edwin T. Mertz, Lloyd Rooney, Robert Schaffer, John M. Yohe

INTSORMIL Impacts and Bulletins

Table of Contents

Opening Session Page

Introduction, D. W. Thomas

Purpose of Conference, R. Schaffert

The Sorghum Producers Views on Sorghum Quality Improvement, L. Rooney

Importance of Sorghum on a Global Scale, B. Maunder

Relevance of International Sorghum and Millet Research to U.S. Agriculture, J. M. Yohe

Cc302 Revised 1990 Fact Sheet

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

Campaign Circular 302 Revised March 1990 contains facts about the purpose, structure, funding, and activities of the University of Nebraska Cooperative Extension

Nebline, March 1990

NEBLINE Newsletter Archive from Nebraska Extension in Lancaster County

Ag Update: Agricultural News & Events

Home Extension News

On-the-Grow: Horticulture News & Recommendations

The Cloverline: 4-H News and Events

Extension Calendar

and other extension news

Nebline, February 1990

NEBLINE Newsletter Archive from Nebraska Extension in Lancaster County

Ag Update: Agricultural News & Events

Home Extension News

On-the-Grow: Horticulture News & Recommendations

The Cloverline: 4-H News and Events

Extension Calendar

and other extension news

Wpa News 27 (1990), World Pheasant Association

Galliformes Specialist Group and Affiliated Societies: Newsletters

WPA News (February 1990), number 27

Published by the World Pheasant Association

4-H 349 The Green Food Factory : Student Workbook

Nebraska 4-H Clubs: Historical Materials and Publications

4-H 349: The Green Food Factory. Student Workbook. This extension contains puzzles and quiz information about the agriculture of soybeans.