Digital Commons Network^™

Wood Thrush Nestlings Fed Fruit By Single Parent, Larkin A. Powell, Kathleen Rangen, Jason Lang

School of Natural Resources: Faculty Publications

The Wood Thrush (Hylocichla mustelina) diet consists of both insects and fruits. Insects provide birds with more crude protein (31-80 %, Robbins 1983) than fruit (e.g. cherry: 2%, Martin et al. 1951). Thus, Wood Thrushes eat little fruit material during spring (5% of diet) and summer months (35 %), but fruits comprise 77 % of the diet during the fall when insects are less available (Martin et al. 1951). Wood Thrush nestlings are fed largely on an insect diet and are not fed plant materials until they are well developed (Martin et al. 1951, Ehrlich et al. 1988). Of course, …

Nf96-270 Handling Feed Moisture In Ration Formulation And Inventory Control, Richard J. Rasby, Rick Grant

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

This NebFact has information on livestock feed moisture.

Disaccharide Intolerance Of European Starlings, Leonard R. Askham

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 17th (1996)

The use of disaccharides to discourage bird depredation to agricultural crops has elicited some interest during the last few years. Data developed in these trials indicate that several avian species are intolerant to sucrose because of the lack of sucrase enzymes in their digestive systems. Based on this research it is hypothesized that progressively increasing rates and volumes of solutions would elicit consistent adverse stress reactions. Furthermore, that if birds were intolerant to sucrose, because of their co-evolutionary development with plants, then they should lack the ability to digest lactose. The data developed in these trials does not support either …

The Potential Impact Of Introduced Commensal Rodents On Island Flora, Gillian Key, Renata Platenberg, Andrew Easby, Kathleen Mais

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 17th (1996)

The impact of introduced commensal rodents on island flora has been relatively little studied compared with their impact on the fauna. The effects on vegetation composition, regeneration, and decomposition are largely unknown, but potentially great. Preliminary studies were carried out in the Galapagos Islands between 1993 and 1994 on the diet of introduced rats, Rattus spp. and feral house mice, Mus musculus, seed recovery rates and subsequent germination rates of seeds. R. rattus diet was primarily vegetation and 48% of rats had seeds in their stomachs. Significant differences were found between body size and overall contribution of both …

Effects Of Stage Of Nut Development And Simulated Rat Damage On Macadamia Yields, Mark E. Tobin, Ann E. Koehler, Robert T. Sugfflara, Richard M. Engeman

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 17th (1996)

Black rats (Rattus rattus) cause extensive damage in Hawaiian macadamia (Macadamia integrifolia) orchards. In a previous study, extensive and persistent snap trapping significantly reduced rat populations and depredations on developing macadamia nuts, but had little effect on subsequent yields of mature nuts. This suggested that macadamia trees may compensate for rat damage, and that commonly used indices based on rodent activity and proportion of nuts damaged may overestimate the impact of rodent depredations and exaggerate the effectiveness of control measures. To clarify the effects of rat feeding on developing macadamia nuts, two levels of damage at …

Plant Secondary Chemicals As Non-Lethal Vertebrate Repellents, Richard W. Watkins, David P. Cowan, Elaine L. Gill

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 17th (1996)

Few effective repellents are currently available for the non-lethal management of vertebrate pests. This is perhaps not surprising considering the ad hoc nature of past applications which assumed that the target pest species would have the same attraction/aversion preferences as man. A more rational approach is to identify compounds that have real biological significance for the pest species. Plants have evolved an array of defense chemicals (secondary plant compounds) that inhibit the feeding of vertebrate herbivores, because they are either innately aversive or they generate a conditioned aversion. These compounds are, therefore, ideally suited for use in the reduction of …

3. Development Of Temas, A Multicultural Thematic Apperception Test: Psychometric Properties And Clinical Utility, Giuseppe Costantino, Robert G. Malgady

Multicultural Assessment in Counseling and Clinical Psychology

INTRODUCTION

The propriety of administering psychological tests standardized on nonminority, middle-class, and English-speaking populations to examinees who are not fluent in English or are from culturally or demographically diverse backgrounds has been a controversial topic for over five decades (Dana, 1993b; Olmedo, 1981). Although the controversy originally surrounded intelligence testing of Blacks, similar allegations of bias toward Hispanics have been raised in the context of personality testing and diagnostic evaluation, a topic which is our present focus. The prevailing view is that in the absence of empirical evidence to the contrary, standard mental health evaluation procedures are considered unbiased (e. …

Gamma Sigma Delta, Nebraska Chapter Newsletter, August 1996

Gamma Sigma Delta, Nebraska Chapter: Newsletters

PRESIDENT'S MESSAGE - Loyd L. Young, President, Nebraska Chapter

FROM THE INTERNATIONAL LEVEL - Earl F. Ellington, International Officer

NEWS FROM THE HISTORIAN - Charles H. Adams, Historian, Nebraska Chapter

SCHOLARSHIP RECOGNITION DINNER AWARD RECIPIENTS

GAMMA SIGMA DELTA ACTIVITIES

Ncr96-235 Feeding Ewes, Leon F. Bush, James Thompson

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

Proper feeding and year-roundmanagement of ewes are essential toprofitable sheep production. Feed forthe ewes can be 60 to 80% of the totalproduction costs of the sheepenterprise. Either excessive orinadequate nutrition is expensive. Toavoid these costly extremes you mustknow something of the nutritiverequirements of the ewe throughout theyear. That knowledge may make thedifference between profit and loss inyour operation.

Ec96-450 Let's Preserve: Meat, Poultry, Fish And Seafood, Julie A. Albrecht, Dennis E. Burson

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

Canning meat, poultry and seafood is one way to preserve food for the future. This publication provides accurate, up-to-date methods for safe canning of meat, poultry and seafood.

For general directions on how to can, refer to “Let’s Preserve: Canning Basics” EC90-434.

G96-1306 Feeding Dairy Cows To Reduce Nitrogen, Phosphorus, And Potassium Excretion Into The Environment, Rick J. Grant

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

This NebGuide discusses feeding strategies to optimize dairy cow performance while minimizing negative environmental impacts.

Reducing N, P and K Excretion--The Challenge

Increasingly, our society demands livestock production systems that not only produce economic, high-quality food products, but also minimize negative environmental impacts. Feeding management has improved continuously and helps explain increases in milk production averages. The future challenge for dairy producers and nutritionists will be to properly formulate rations for high production levels while simultaneously minimizing the environmental impact of excessive N, P and K excretion in the urine and manure. A realistic approach will be to keep formulation …

G96-1276 Creep Feeding Growing Horses, Kathleen P. Anderson, Pete G. Gibbs

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

This NebGuide discusses the benefits and implications of creep feeding horses during the growing period of development.

Creep feeding, providing a place where foals can eat without interference from the mare and other horses, should be used if foals are to grow at optimum rates. Creep feeders are used to provide a nutritionally balanced, digestible concentrate to young nursing foals before weaning. The practice of creep feeding serves to supply nutrients beyond what a foal receives from mare's milk. And, creep feeding minimizes foals' intake of broodmare feed which often lacks the concentrated amounts of protein and minerals relative to …

Nebline, January 1996

NEBLINE Newsletter Archive from Nebraska Extension in Lancaster County

Horticulture

Rural $ense

Family Living

4-H & Youth

Environmental Focus

Community & Leadership Development

Extension Calendar

Expanded Food and Nutrition Education Program (EFNEP)

Nebraska Association for Family and Community Education News

and other extension news and events

A Methodology For Drought Preparedness, Donald A. Wilhite

National Drought Mitigation Center: Faculty Publications

Drought is a normal, recurrent feature of climate that affects virtually all countries to some degree. The number of drought-induced natural disasters has grown significantly since the 1960s, largely as a result of increasing vulnerability to extended periods of precipitation deficiency rather than be-cause of an increase in the frequency of meteorological droughts. This increase in drought-induced natural disasters has resulted in a considerable growth of interest in drought mitigation and prepar-edness worldwide. The purpose of a national preparedness plan is to reduce societal vulnerability to drought through the adoption of preventive, anticipatory policies and programs. This paper de-scribes a …

8: Reducing The Impacts Of Drought: Progress Toward Risk Management, Donald A. Wilhite

National Drought Mitigation Center: Faculty Publications

Images of malnutrition, famine and a degraded African landscape were commonplace during the 1980s and appear likely to continue well into the 1990s and beyond. Glantz (1987) has shown that drought has hindered the ability of much of sub-Saharan Africa to achieve a sustained level of agricultural production and, as a result, has retarded progress toward economic development. Linkages between drought and economic development, although most obvious in Africa, exist throughout much of the developing world.

G96-1298 Milk Urea Nitrogen Testing, Rick J. Grant, Dennis Drudik, Jeffrey F. Keown

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

This NebGuide explains how to properly test for MUN and interpret the results.

Milk urea nitrogen (MUN) analyses can be used as a signal, or "red flag", to point out potential problems in your feeding program. In particular, high MUN values reflect excessive dietary crude protein or low rumen degradable nonfiber carbohydrates (NFC). The NFC fraction, usually composed of starch and other sugars, can be low when insufficient grain is fed, or grain is improperly processed. Appropriate MUN testing over a period of several months to fine tune a feeding management program can result in:

1. precisely meeting nutritional requirements, …

Ec96-219 1996 Nebraska Swine Report, Duane Reese

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

The 1996 Nebraska Swine Report was prepared by the staff in Animal Science and cooperating Departments for use in Extension, Teaching and Research programs. This publications deals with research on swine reproduction, breeding, health, nutrition, economics, and housing.

Microbial Reduction Of Crystalline Iron(Iii) Oxides: Influence Of Oxide Surface Area And Potential For Cell Growth, Eric E. Roden, John M. Zachara

United States Department of Energy: Publications

Quantitative aspects of microbial crystalline iron- (III) oxide reduction were examined using a dissimilatory iron(III) oxide-reducing bacterium (Shewanella alga strain BrY). The initial rate and long-term extent of reduction of a range of synthetic iron(III) oxides were linearly correlated with oxide surface area. Oxide reduction rates reached an asymptote at cell concentrations in excess of ≈1 x 10⁹/m² of oxide surface. Experiments with microbially reduced goethite that had been washed with pH 5 sodium acetate to remove adsorbed Fe(II) suggested that formation of a Fe(II) surface phase (adsorbed or precipitated) limited the extent of iron(III) oxide …

Northeast Research And Extension Center Vip Tour 1996

Haskell Agricultural Laboratory (Northeast Research and Extension Center)

Contents:
Welcome by Robert D. Fristchen
Integrated Weed Management by David Holshouser
Integrated Pest Management by Keith Jarvi
Crop Nutrition by Charles Shapiro
Soil Water Management: Nitrogen Use by None-Effective Alfalfa by William Kranz
Crop Residue Management: Manure Injection by David Shelton
CRP Research to Crops by Melinda McVey McCluskey
Entmology: Bt Transgenic Corn by John Witkowski
Forestry in Nebraska: Nebraska Conservation Tree/Shrub Program by Steve Rasmussen
Swine Research by Michael Brumm
Beef Research by Terry Mader
Human Nutrition by Darlene Martin
4-H and Youth by Vickie Greve

Nf96-267 Hog Cash Contracts, Allen C. Wellman

Agricultural Research Division: News and Annual Reports

This NebFact has information on the traditional provisions of a fixed price forward cash contract for a seller of livestock.

Block And Bridle Annual, 1996

Block and Bridle Annual (1933–2021)

Table of Contents:

Emblem and Purpose
Historian’s Welcome
Dr. Aberle’s Letter
Members
Officers
Initiates
Advisors, Liaison Committee, Committee Chairs
Animal Science Faculty & Office Staff
Animal Science Graduate Students
Are You an Active Member?
Kids’ Day, Spring and Fall
Little Ak-Sar-Ben
National and Regional Meetings
Christmas Luncheon
Animal Science Quadrathlon
Little MAEC Contest
State Agricultural Education Contest
Nebraska Brands – Make your Mark
Honoree of the Year, 1995
Animal Science Scholarship Recipients
American Society of Ani Sci Scholarship Award Recipients
Big Red Beef Show
Candid Photos
Quarter Horse Show
Junior and Senior Meats Judging Team
Meat Animal Evaluation Team
Junior …

Selection For Lean Growth In Terminal Sire Sheep To Produce Leaner Crossbred Progeny, R. M. Lewis, G. Simm, W. S. Dingwall, S. V. Murphy

Department of Animal Science: Faculty Publications

A progeny test was designed to test whether genetic superiority for lean growth in terminal sires is expressed in their crossbred progeny when reared in a different environment. In each of 1986, 1987 and 1988, 22 Suffolk rams were chosen at the conclusion of an indoor, intensive performance testing regime on an index score that rated their propensity for lean growth, while constraining fat growth, at 150 days of age. Half of these rams had high index scores and half had low index scores. In each year, around 400 crossbred ewes were mated and the resulting lambs were finished on …

Winter Temperatures May Affect Calf Birth Weights, Dave Colburn, Gene H. Deutscher, Pete Olson

Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports

Calving difficulty incurred by 2-year-old heifers is a major problem. Research has shown the basic cause is a disproportion between the calf size at birth (birth weight) and the heifer's birth canal (pelvic area). Several factors affect calf birth weight. including genetics of sire and dam, dam nutrition, calf sex and climatic conditions. Weather conditions may have a significant effect on calf birth weight. When a pregnant animal is exposed to cold temperatures, blood is concentrated internally to maintain its core body temperature. Therefore. during prolonged periods of cold weather, the fetus may receive more nutrition because more blood flows …

Multi-Elemental Analysis Of Bovine Liver Biops And Whole Liver, David Hickok, Michael Carlson, Dennis R. Brink, Norm Schneider, Gene H. Deutscher, Pete Olson

Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports

Liver biopsies are used to assess trace element status of cattle for diagnostic and experimental purposes and generally provide better information than serum samples. Liver tissue collected at necropsy or slaughter is also used. The liver usually serves as the storage site for minerals. Serum concentrations may be maintained within adequate concentration ranges, at the sacrifice of liver mineral stores. If animals are receiving insufficient mineral, but have not yet depleted their liver stores enough to significantly lower the serum concentration, analysis of serum will be misleading. But analysis of liver biopsy samples may detect low liver trace element status. …

Multi-Elemental Analysis Of Sandhills Meadow Hay, David Hickok, Dennis Bauer, Dennis R. Brink, Michael Carlson, Norm Schneider

Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports

Traditionally, ranches in the Sandhills of Nebraska feed meadow hay to cows during the winter. Trace element composition of meadow hay varies. To determine if, when and where trace element supplementation is necessary, it is important to characterize the trace element concentrations in the hay. If the variation in trace element content of hay among location and years can be predicted ranch managers and advisors may develop appropriate strategies for sampling hay and preventing trace element deficiencies. Our objective was to develop a data base of trace element content of meadow hay from various locations over two years. The data …

Grazing: An Alternative To Haying Subirrigated Meadows In The Nebraska Sandhills, Marc Horney, Don C. Adams, Walter H. Schacht, Steven S. Waller, Terry J. Klopfenstein

Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports

Subirrigated meadow in the Nebraska Sandhills are used extensively for hay production. Hay harvest takes place in late June through July, generally after the forage has reached full maturity. Crude protein content of this hay commonly falls in the range of 6 to 8%. This is below the nutritional requirement of lactating cows that are often fed this hay until the native range is ready for grazing in late May/early June. Harvesting hay at an earlier maturity would improve its nutritive value, but is not an option on some meadows because much of the surface remains saturated well into the …

Use Of A Metabolizable Protein System To Predict Deficiencies In Diets Of Cattle Grazing Sandhill Native Range And Subirrigated Meadow, Greg Lardy, Don C. Adams, Terry J. Klopfenstein, Jim Lamb

Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports

Many Sandhills ranches have two distinctly different forage resource bases: native upland range and subirrigated meadow. These two sites have different grass species composition and different plant growth characteristics. Familiarity with the nutritional composition of these sites is a valuable management tool for cattle producers in the Sandhills. The grazing animal has the ability to select a diet that is higher in nutritive value than would be obtained by analyzing clipped samples of the same pasture. The use of esophageally-fistulated animals to sample pastures gives the best estimate of the animal's diet.

A metabolizable protein system (NRC, 1985) expresses protein …

Cellulose Adherence Factors In Ruminococcus Albus, Randall Pegden, Mark Morrison

Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports

Grazing and forage-fed animals depend upon the rumen microorganisms’ ability to breakdown polysaccharides present in the leaf and stems of plants. The rate and extent of this breakdown has a major impact on animal nutrition, therefore understanding the mechanics of this process offers the potential to optimize and further improve animal performance. The limited published studies to-date suggest that: 1) colonization and adherence by some rumen bacteria are specific in nature and: 2) adherence can be modified by nutrients and growth conditions, such as ruminal pH. Better understanding and future improvements of fiber digestion in the rumen will be afforded …

Evaluation Of Animal Byproducts For Escape Protein Supplementation, Daniel Herold, Terry J. Klopfenstein, Mark Klemesrud

Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports

Blood meal, meat and bone meal. and feather meal are high in escape protein, relative to oil meals and forages. and increase performance when included in forage-based diets sufficient in rumen degradable protein. Two factors that influence the nutritive value of animal byproduct meals are processing conditions and raw materials.

Renderers apply heat to drive off moisture. extract fat. and eliminate bacterial contamination from animal tissues. This cooking also denatures proteins. creating cross links and insoluble bonds within and between protein chains: enhancing resistance to microbial degradation in the rumen. However. processing at very high temperatures can limit the extent …

Germplasm And Cultivar Development, M. D. Casler, Jeffrey F. Pedersen, G. C. Eizenga, S. D. Stratton

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

Cool-season forage grasses have evolved, and continue to evolve, in natural ecosystems subject to environmental factors both in the presence and absence of human influences. The literature often lacks facts describing the evolution and domestication of forage grasses. Furthermore, the literature on this subject mainly deals with evolution of species in the broad scope, i.e., on a scale of hundreds of thousands or millions or years. Thus, some of our conclusions are necessarily speculative and are highly subject to the nature of the research that has been reported. We describe the forces of selection that act upon cool-season forage grasses …