Digital Commons Network^™

Evidence For Disease-Related Amphibian Decline In Colorado, Erin Muths, Paul Stephen Corn, Allan P. Pessier, D. Earl Green

United States Geological Survey: Staff Publications

The recent discovery of a pathogenic fungus (Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis) associated with declines of frogs in the American and Australian tropics, suggests that at least the proximate cause, may be known for many previously unexplained amphibian declines. We have monitored boreal toads in Colorado since 1991 at four sites using capture–recapture of adults and counts of egg masses to examine the dynamics of this metapopulation. Numbers of male toads declined in 1996 and 1999 with annual survival rate averaging 78% from 1991 to 1994, 45% in 1995 and 3% between 1998 and 1999. Numbers of egg masses also declined. …

Manure Matters, Volume 9, Number 2, Richard K. Koelsch, Wendy Powers

Manure Matters (newsletter)

Integrating Animal Feeding Decisions into CNMP Processes: Part 2

This is part 2 of a two part series, part one was discussed in Volume 9, Number 1.

Manure Matters, Volume 9, Number 1, Richard K. Koelsch, Wendy Powers

Manure Matters (newsletter)

Integrating Animal Feeding Decisions into CNMP Processes: Part 1

Environmental planning in animal production systems often requires an estimate of nutrient excretion. Standard values published by the Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS) (SCS 1992), American Society of Agricultural Engineers (ASAE 1999), and MidWest Plan Service (MWPS 2000) commonly have been used for this purpose. However, these current procedures do not reflect the impact of producers' animal dietary decisions on nutrient excretion. The increasing variety of feed ingredient options, changes in nutritional programs to match improving genetic potential, and feeding strategies designed to reduce nutrient excretion are influencing the amount of …

G03-1487 Fat And Fat Substitutes, Georgia Jones

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

For some people, fat has a negative connotation. However, fat is a necessary nutrient and provides many functions in food products.

Fats are a source of energy for the body and supply essential fatty acids, such as linoleic and linolenic. They are required for maintaining healthy skin and regulating cholesterol production. Fats are used to carry fat-soluble vitamins A, D, E and K and aid in their absorption from the intestine.

Fats play a key role in determining texture, taste and flavor of foods and affect the acceptability of food. They provide the smooth texture of salad dressing, the creamy …

Effect Of A Low Phytate, Nutrient Dense Corn On Pig Performance, Mike Brumm

Nebraska Swine Reports

An experiment was conducted to determine the effects of a low phytate, nutrient dense corn variety on pig performance, fecal phosphorus and fecal nitrogen. Experimental treatments were: 1) corn-soybean meal diets formulated with purchased yellow corn; 2) similar diets formulated with 500 FTU/kg phytase; 3) diets formulated with a nutrient dense corn variety having a reduced phytic acid, elevated lysine, and higher energy compared to yellow corn; and 4) diets formulated with the nutrient dense corn variety and phytase at 500 FTU/kg to 130 lb BW and blended with yellow corn thereafter based on estimated available phosphorus. There was no …

Omega-3 Fatty Acids And Swine Reproduction - A Review, Duane Reese

Nebraska Swine Reports

A literature review was conducted to examine the role dietary omega-3 fatty acids may play in swine reproduction. Omega-3 fatty acids are not normally present to any great extent in practical swine diets, but they are increasingly important in human and pet health. Swine nutritionists have focused primarily on the effect omega-3 fatty acids may have on littler size, piglet preweaning mortality, and boar fertility. Feeding omega-3 fatty acids to sows has not generally improved litter size. Piglet preweaning mortality may be improved by omega-3 fatty acid supplementation provided sows are allowed to farrow naturally (without induction). Boar fertility seems …

Endeavors 2002-03

Endeavors: Highlights of University of Nebraska-Lincoln Agricultural Research Division Research

CONTENTS:

ARD scientists target issues important to all Nebraskans
New beef products rooted in IANR research
Food industry mergers mostly create higher prices for consumers
Inhibitors might help cut livestock methane
Child care a big concern for rural women
Team tests strategies to reduce E. coli
Decorative millet earns All-America Selections Gold award
Variety selection key to sugarbeet production
Test makes cooking oil quality check fast, easy
Team developing lake classification system for assessing water quality in agricultural areas
Protein supplement improves heifer rebreeding
An integrated approach to tough, healthy turf
Chicory industry emerging from Panhandle research
Textile scientist’s work …

Diet And Physical Performance, Scott J. Montain, Andrew J. Young

United States Army: Publications

This paper provides a historical summary of military nutrition research into the role of diet for sustaining soldier physical performance. Studies of underfeeding document that physical performance is preserved during several days of underfeeding provided sufficient carbohydrate and minerals are consumed to minimize the diuresis associated with semi-starvation diets and serial intake of carbohydrate is available to support metabolism during prolonged work. The Military Recommended Dietary Allowances, AR 40-25, currently recommends that when restricted rations are required, that the ration contain at least 1100–1500 kcal, 50–70 g of protein, and a minimum of 100 g of carbohydrate on a daily …

Unopa Notes, Volume 41, Issue 5, January 2003

UNOPA: Newsletters

No abstract provided.

Adolescent Sexuality: Behavior And Meaning, Lisa J. Crockett, Marcela Raffaelli, Kristin L. Moilanen

Department of Psychology: Faculty Publications

The emerging sexuality that accompanies adolescence poses fundamental challenges for young people. These include adjusting to the altered appearance and functioning of a sexually maturing body, learning to deal with sexual desires, confronting sexual attitudes and values, experimenting with sexual behaviors, and integrating these feelings, attitudes, and experiences into a developing sense of self. The challenge is accentuated by the unfamiliar excitement of sexual arousal, the attention connected to being sexually attractive, and the new level of physical intimacy and psychological vulnerability created by sexual encounters. Adolescents’ responses to these challenges are profoundly influenced by the social and cultural context …

Animal Science Alumni Newsletter, Winter 2003

Department of Animal Science: Departmental News

Contents:

Tribute to R. B. “Dick” Warren, A Study in True Grit
From the Department Head’s Desk
Department of Animal Science Loses a Good Friend
Klopfenstein Fund to Benefit Animal Science Students
Faculty Retirement
Awards
Block and Bridle Convention
Block and Bridle Kids Day
Block and Bridle Steak Fry
Spring 2004 Block and Bridle Calendar
Ambassador Activities
Animal Science Overnight Recruits New Students
Recent Department Awards and Recognitions
Judging Team Activities
Academic Quadrathlon
Deaths
E. coli Research
Nebraska Beef Youth Leadership Symposium Planned
Woman Combines Ag Passion and Writing
Husker Hire Link
Study Tour to Denmark
New Study Abroad Program …

Animal Science Alumni Newsletter, Winter 2003

Department of Animal Science: Departmental News

Contents:L

Tribute to R. B. “Dick” Warren, A Study in True Grit
From the Department Head’s Desk
Department of Animal Science Loses a Good Friend
Klopfenstein Fund to Benefit Animal Science Students
Faculty Retirement
Awards
Block and Bridle Convention
Block and Bridle Kids Day
Block and Bridle Steak Fry
Spring 2004 Block and Bridle Calendar
Ambassador Activities
Animal Science Overnight Recruits New Students
Recent Department Awards and Recognitions
Judging Team Activities
Academic Quadrathlon
Deaths
E. coli Research
Nebraska Beef Youth Leadership Symposium Planned
Woman Combines Ag Passion and Writing
Husker Hire Link
Study Tour to Denmark
New Study Abroad Program …

Onset Of Clinical Immunity To Plasmodium Falciparum Among Javanese Migrants To Indonesian Papua, J. Kevin Baird, United States Naval Medical Research Unit #2, M. J. Barcus, I. R.F. Elyazar, J. D. Maguire, D. J. Fryauff, T. L. Richie, National Center For Health Research, W. Kalalo

United States Public Health Resources

Onset of clinical immunity to Plasmodium falciparum occurred among Javanese migrants to Indonesian Papua. Surveillance of the 243 migrants investigated began on the day of their arrival in Indonesian Papua and continued for 33 months. Asexual parasitaemia without fever constituted objective evidence of clinical immunity. Compared with .rst infection, the odds ratio (OR) for not having fever at the fourth infection within 24 months was 3.2 [95% con.dence interval (CI)=1.03–10.2; P=0.02]. The corresponding OR with fewer infections within 24 months was not distinguishable from 1.0. The level of the fourth parasitaemia within 24 months (N=58) was classified …

Attenuated Growth Of Breast-Fed Children Exposed To Increased Concentrations Of Methylmercury And Polychlorinated Biphenyls, Philippe Grandjean, Esben Budtz-Jørgensen, Ulrike Steuerwald, Birger Heinzow, Larry L. Needham, Poul J. Jørgensen, Pál Weihe

United States Public Health Resources

Breast-feeding has been linked to slowed postnatal growth. Although the basis for this "weanling’s dilemma" is unclear, environmental contaminants in human milk may be of relevance. We studied a Faroese birth cohort of 182 singleton children, born at term in 1994-95. Concentrations of mercury in cord blood and of polychlorinated biphenyls in maternal milk were measured, and duration of breast-feeding was recorded. At 18 months, children who had been exclusively breast-fed for at least 6 months weighed 0.59 kg less [95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.03, 1.16 kg] and were 1.50 cm [95% CI = 0.52, 2.47 cm] shorter than …

The Ascendancy Of Amblyomma Americanum As A Vector Of Pathogens Affecting Humans In The United States, James E. Childs, Christopher D. Paddock

United States Public Health Resources

Until the 1990s, Amblyomma americanum was regarded primarily as a nuisance species, but a tick of minor importance as a vector of zoonotic pathogens affecting humans. With the recent discoveries of Ehrlichia chaffeensis, Ehrlichia ewingii, and “Borrelia lonestari,” the public health relevance of lone star ticks is no longer in question. During the next 25 years, the number of cases of human disease caused by A. americanum-associated pathogens will probably increase. Based on current trajectories and historic precedents, the increase will be primarily driven by biological and environmental factors that alter the geographic distribution and intensity of …

Absence Of Interferon-Γ–Inducible Gene Igtp Does Not Significantly Alter The Development Of Chagasic Cardiomyopathy In Mice Infected With Trypanosoma Cruzi (Brazil Strain), A. P. De Souza, B. Tang, H. B. Tanowitz, S. M. Factor, V. Shtutin, J. Shirani, G. A. Taylor, L. M. Weiss, L. A. Jelicks

United States Public Health Resources

Interferon-γ (IFN-γ) contributes to host resistance during acute infection with Trypanosoma cruzi, the causative agent of Chagas’ disease. Inducibly expressed guanosine triphosphatase (IGTP), a 48-kDa guanosine triphosphatase (GTPase), is a member of a family of GTPase proteins inducibly expressed by IFN-γ. The expression pattern of IGTP suggests that it may mediate IFN-γ–induced responses in a variety of cell types. IGTP has been demonstrated to be important for control of Toxoplasma gondii infection but not for resistance against Listeria monocytogenes. We evaluated the role of IGTP in development of chronic chagasic cardiomyopathy in IGTP null mice and C57X129sv (wild …

Impaired Receptor-Mediated Endocytosis By The Asialoglycoprotein Receptor In Ethanol-Fed Mice: Implications For Studying The Role Of This Receptor In Alcoholic Apoptosis, Shana R. Dalton, Robert L. Wiegert, Cheryl R. Baldwin, Karen M. Kassel, Carol A. Casey

United States Public Health Resources

During receptor-mediated endocytosis (RME), extracellular molecules are internalized after being recognized and bound to specific cell surface receptors. In previous studies of the asialoglycoprotein receptor (ASGPR) in rats, we showed that ethanol impairs RME at multiple ASGPR sites. Ethanol administration has been shown to increase apoptosis, and we demonstrated increased sensitization to apoptotic induction in hepatocytes from ethanol-fed rats. Although a physiological role for the ASGPR has not been identified, investigators have shown its involvement in the uptake/clearance of apoptotic cells in vitvo. This suggests a potential role for the ASGPR in the removal of apoptotic cells, and the recent …

Fiber Quality Response Of Pima Cotton To Nitrogen And Phosphorus Deficiency, Haile Tewolde, C. J. Fernandez

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

Imposing a moderate level of nutrient deficiency may be an effective management strategy to limit vegetative growth and enhance maturity of Pima cotton (Gossypium barbadense L.). Whether such deficiency affects fiber quality of American Pima cotton, however, is not well known. A field study was conducted in 1991 and 1992 to determine the fiber quality responses of Pima cotton to nitrogen and phosphorus fertilization ranging between deficient and excess. Pima cotton cv. ‘‘S-7’’ was treated with nitrogen rates ranging between 0 and 269 kg ha^-1 in a factorial combination with phosphorus rates ranging between 0 and 44 kg …

2003 Beef Cattle Report

Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports

Entire issue. 92 pages.

Evaluation Of Cow And Calf Performance And Profit Potential In Beef Systems, Rosemary Anderson, Richard J. Rasby, Terry J. Klopfenstein, Casey Macken

Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports

A three-year experiment was conducted to determine the production efficiencies of two beef systems. Spring-calving, crossbred cows were either wintered on pasture (Control System) or on corn stalks (Treatment System). Control System steers were transported to a feedlot, fed a finishing diet and harvested. Treatment System steers were wintered on corn stalks, grazed pasture, fed a finishing diet, and harvested. Cow weights and condition differed but pregnancy rates were similar. Control System steers spent more days in the feedlot, had lower feed conversions and higher marbling scores. Treatment System steers had higher average daily gains and produced heavier carcasses.

The Effects Of Tumbler Volume On Roasted Beef Quality, Mike Baczwaski, Roger W. Mandigo, Jesus Velazco

Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports

Semitendinosus beef muscles (n = 108) were used to determine optimum tumbler volume with regards to meat quality. Fill capacity of 2/3 meat had lower shear force values than capacities of 1/2 (P = 0.02) and 1/3 (P < 0 .01). Texture profile analysis showed favorable results among treatments. Hardness was lower with 2/3 capacity than 1/2 (P = 0.02) and 1/3 (P = 0.06). Gumminess favored 2/3 capacity over 1/2 (P = 0.02). Springiness favored 1/2 capacity over 1/3 capacity (P < 0.01) and 2/3 capacity (P=0.04). Purge, absorption rate during tumbling, absorption rate after rest, cooking loss and yield had no effect between treatments.

Quality Traits Of Grain- And Grass-Fed Beef: A Review, Perry Brewer, Chris R. Calkins

Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports

Carcasses from grass-fed beef have lower fat thickness and lighter carcass weights, which increases the risk for cold shortening and reduces muscle proteolysis, both of which would reduce beef tenderness. A review of nine research papers indicates grass-fed beef is lower in tenderness (both from shear force and by taste panel), flavor and overall acceptability/desirability ratings.

Impact Of Manure Application On Phosphorus In Surface Runoff And Soil Erosion, Christina Gossin, Gregory J. Teichmeier, Galen E. Erickson, Terry J. Klopfenstein, Daniel T. Walters

Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports

Effects of method of manure management and dietary P were compared on 21 natural runoff plots to monitor the long-term impact of dietary P to P losses in runoff and erosion. Reducing feed P resulted in a 33% reduction in manure P content and soil test P buildup and runoff losses of P also were directly proportional to feed P inputs. The timing and management of manure are also important considerations for controlling P losses in runoff in the year of application. However, residual effects of timing and management are probably small. Management criteria designed to assess the potential for …

Feeding Kelp Meal In Feedlot Diets, Wanda Kreikemeier, Terry L. Mader, Shane Davis, Dan Colling

Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports

Three trials were conducted to assess the effects of feeding kelp meal to feedlot cattle. In Trial 1, two commercial feedlots were utilized to determine the effects of kelp meal fed to finishing steers exposed to heat stress. Trial 2 was conducted to evaluate the effects of feeding kelp meal in receiving feedlot steer diets. Trial 3 assessed the effects of kelp meal on performance and carcass characteristics when finishing feedlot heifers were exposed to heat stress. Panting scores were reduced in commercial pens of cattle fed kelp meal while dry matter intakes were maintained. Water intake and dry matter …

Amino Acid Supplementation To Growing Heifers Fed Soypass®, James C. Macdonald, Terry J. Klopfenstein, Casey Macken

Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports

Sixty individually fed heifers were used in an 84-day growing trial to determine effects of adding rumen protected methionine and/or bloodmeal on performance of growing heifers supplemented with Soypass®. Treatments were designed to be a 2x2 factorial with diets supplemented with or without rumen protected methionine and bloodmeal (0.3% of DM) to provide 0.72 g per day of additional histidine as factors. The rumen protected methionine source, Smartamine M®, provided 1.85 g per day of additional methionine. No statistical differences in performance among treatments were observed, suggesting growing animals fed Soypass® do not benefit from addition of supplemental rumen protected …

Usability Testing At Florida International University Libraries: What We Learned, Sarah J. Hammill

E-JASL: Electronic Journal of Academic and Special Librarianship (1999-2009, Volumes 1-10)

The Florida International University Libraries’ Web site’s new look was launched in Fall 2001. As a result of the new look, a group formed to undertake a usability study on the top page of the site. The group tested three target groups to determine the usability of the top page. The study pointed out some revisions for the top page; however, more importantly, it suggested areas for future research.

Forage Yield And Economic Losses Associated With The Brown-Midrib Trait In Sudangrass, M. D. Casler, Jeffrey F. Pedersen, D. J. Undersander

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

Brown-midrib genes increase digestibility due to reduced lignification in sudangrass, Sorghum bicolor subsp. drummondii (Nees ex Steud.) de Wet & Harlan. Brown-midrib lines are known to be low in forage yield potential, but this reduction in forage yield has not been previously quantified. The objectives of this study were to quantify the increase in forage quality and decrease in forage yield and to provide an economic assessment of this dichotomy. Piper and Greenleaf (normal leaves) were compared with their brown-midrib counterparts and four highly selected brown-midrib (FG) lines at two locations for 2 yr. Brown-midrib lines averaged 9.0% lower in …

Undegradable Intake Protein Supplementation Of Compensating Spring-Born Steers And Summer-Born Steers During Summer Grazing, K. W. Creighton, C. B. Wilson, Terry J. Klopfenstein, Don C. Adams

Department of Animal Science: Faculty Publications

Three trials were conducted to determine the effects of previous winter gain (Trials 1 and 3) and age of calf (Trials 1 and 2) on response to undegradable intake protein (UIP) supplementation during summer grazing. In Trial 1, 48 spring-born steers (243 kg) were used in a 4 &#;&#;2 factorial arrangement. Steers were wintered at four rates of gain: 0.65 (FAST), 0.24 (SLOW), 0.38 (S/F), and 0.38 (F/S) kg/d. The intermediate rates of gain (S/F and F/S) were created by switching steers from slow to fast or fast to slow midway through the wintering period. Following winter treatments, steers were …

Influence Of Glyphosate-Tolerant (Event Nk603) And Corn Rootworm Protected (Event Mon863) Corn Silage And Grain On Feed Consumption And Milk Production In Holstein Cattle, R. J. Grant, K. C. Fanning

Department of Animal Science: Faculty Publications

Two studies were conducted to evaluate the effect of a glyphosate-tolerant (event nk603) and a corn rootworm protected (event MON863) corn hybrid on feed intake and milk production compared with the nontransgenic hybrid and two reference hybrids. In Experiment 1, 16 multiparous Holstein cows were assigned to one of four treatments in replicated 4 × 4 Latin squares with 28- d periods. Diets contained 40% (dry matter [DM] basis) of either 1) glyphosate-tolerant corn silage (GT), 2) nontransgenic control corn silage, or 3) two nontransgenic reference hybrids which are commercially available. Each diet also contained 23% corn grain from the …

The Effect Of Corn Silage Particle Size And Cottonseed Hulls On Cows In Early Lactation, P. J. Kononoff, A. J. Heinrichs

Department of Animal Science: Faculty Publications

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of reducing forage particle length (FPL) and the inclusion of cottonseed hulls (CSH) on intake, digestibility, chewing activity, and milk production of cows in early lactation. Sixteen multiparous cows averaging 17 ± 3 d in milk and 677 ± 58 kg BW were assigned to one of four 4 × 4 Latin squares. One square contained ruminally cannulated cows to evaluate effects of treatment on rumen fermentation and function. During each of the 23-d periods, cows were offered one of four total mixed rations that differed in particle length (long …