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Temperature Effects On Bradyrhizobium Spp. Growth And Symbiotic Effectiveness With Pigeonpea And Cowpea, Lurline E. Marsh, Raymond Baptiste, Dyremple B. Marsh, David Trinklein, Robert J. Kremer

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

Temperature is a limiting factor on legume-Bradyrhizobium symbiosis of subtropical plants in the temperate region. Twelve strains of Bradyrhizobium spp. that nodulate pigeonpea [Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp], and cowpea [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp], were evaluated for tolerance to three temperature regimes (20 °C/10 °C, 30 °C/20 °C, and 38 °C/25 °C day/night temperature) by determining their growth following exposure to the regimes. The five most temperature-tolerant strains were further evaluated for symbiotic effectiveness with pigeonpea and cowpea under controlled temperatures. These strains were USDA 3278, USDA 3362, USDA 3364, USDA 3458, and USDA 3472. Plant heights of …

Upper Profile Changes Over Time In An Appalachian Hayfield Soil Amended With Coal Combustion By-Products, X. Zhou, K. D. Ritchey, R. B. Clark, N. Persaud, D. P. Belesky

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

Large amounts of flue gas desulfurization (FGD) and fluidized bed combustion (FBC) by-products from burning coal, consisting primarily of gypsum, are available for potential use as a soil amendment. However, information is limited on longer-term changes in chemical and physical properties induced over time and over small depth increments of the upper soil profile after applying these amendments. This study examined longer-term effects in an abandoned Appalachian pasture soil amended with various liming materials and coal combustion by-products (CCBPs). Soil chemical and physical properties were investigated over time and depths. The results indicated limited dissolution and movement of the calcium …

Pyrolysis Of Switchgrass (Panicum Virgatum) Harvested At Several Stages Of Maturity, A. A. Boateng, K. B. Hicks, Kenneth P. Vogel

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

The pyrolysis of switchgrass (Panicum virgatum) of the cultivar, ‘‘Cave-in-Rock’’ harvested at three stages of physiological maturity was studied in a PY–GC/MS system at the 600–1050 °C temperature range. Under these conditions, the decomposition was complete within 20 s yielding char, and two sets of pyrolysis gas, condensable and non-condensable. The former consisted of acetaldehyde (CH₃CHO), acetic acid (CH₃COOH) and higher molecular weight compounds possibly from the hydroxyl group and from the methoxy groups of the cell wall components. The non-condensable gases were mainly CO, CO₂ and C₁–C₃ hydrocarbons. For …

Prebiotic Galactooligosaccharides Reduce Adherence Of Enteropathogenic Escherichia Coli To Tissue Culture Cells, Kari Shoaf, George L. Mulvey, Glen D. Armstrong, Robert W. Hutkins

Department of Food Science and Technology: Faculty Publications

Prebiotic oligosaccharides are thought to provide beneficial effects in the gastrointestinal tract of humans and animals by stimulating growth of selected members of the intestinal microflora. Another means by which prebiotic oligosaccharides may confer health benefits is via their antiadhesive activity. Specifically, these oligosaccharides may directly inhibit infections by enteric pathogens due to their ability to act as structural mimics of the pathogen binding sites that coat the surface of gastrointestinal epithelial cells. In this study, the ability of commercial prebiotics to inhibit attachment of microcolony-forming enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC) was investigated. The adherence of EPEC strain E2348/69 on HEp-2 …

Five Year Issue Based Review, September 18 – 21, 2006, University Of Nebraska–Lincoln Southeast Research & Extension Center

Southeast Research and Extension Center: Reports and Administration

This Five Year District Program Review is issue based and follows the Institute of Agriculture and Natural Resources guidelines for Research and Extension Centers revised in 2000 (see Section 7a). As the guidelines indicate, the review focuses on the current and evolving issues that effect this District and to some extent contiguous regions. The identification of external issues was program independent and heavily dependent on clientele input. The IANR Strategic Plan and the Extension Action Team Plans are considered a broad perspective of the issues facing Nebraskans. The District review considers unique regional challenges. The program plans are aligned with …

Five Year Program Review – 2006 -- Appendix Materials, University Of Nebraska–Lincoln Southeast Research & Extension Center

Southeast Research and Extension Center: Reports and Administration

Education Programs - Food Production & Natural Resource Systems Appendix 2b(5)

Education Programs – Building Strong Families 2c(3)

Education Programs – Nutrition, Health & Wellness 2d(5)

Education Programs – Community & Residential Environment 2e(2)

Educational Programs – 4-H Youth Development Appendix 2g(4)

Cross Cutting Program Issue – Water Issues Appendix 3b

Engaging Our Clientele - Diversity Appendix 4f(a)

Engaging Our Clientele – Educational Technology Appendix 4f(b)

Engaging Our Clientele – Student Recruitment 4f(d)

Five Year Accomplishments – Progress on Goals 6a

Supporting Materials – IANR Review Guidelines 7a

Supporting Materials – Review Timetable – 7b

Supporting Materials – SREC Spring …

2006 Accomplishment Report

Southeast Research and Extension Center: Reports and Administration

Community Resource Development Program Area

Current and Emerging Issues

Program Successes

Future Target Outcomes

Community & Residential Environment Program Area

Current and Emerging Issues

Program Successes

Future Target Outcomes

Food Production & Natural Resource Program Areas

Current and Emerging Issues

Program Successes

Future Target Outcomes

Building Strong Families Program Area

Current and Emerging Issues

Program Successes

Future Target Outcomes

Nutrition, Health & Wellness Program Area

Current and Emerging Issues

Program Successes

Future Target Outcomes

4-H Youth Development Program Area

Current and Emerging Issues

Program Successes

Future Target Outcomes

Parent Birds Assess Nest Predation Risk And Adjust Their Reproductive Strategies, J. J. Fontaine, T. E. Martin

Nebraska Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit: Staff Publications

Avian life history theory has long assumed that nest predation plays a minor role in shaping reproductive strategies. Yet, this assumption remains conspicuously untested by broad experiments that alter environmental risk of nest predation, despite the fact that nest predation is a major source of reproductive failure. Here, we examined whether parents can assess experimentally reduced nest predation risk and alter their reproductive strategies. We experimentally reduced nest predation risk and show that in safer environments parents increased investment in young through increased egg size, clutch mass, and the rate they fed nestlings. Parents also increased investment in female condition …

Community Forestry Resource Handbook: A Guide For Establishing And Maintaining Healthy Community Forests Across Nebraska, Matthew C. Hansen

Nebraska Forest Service: Publications

The Nebraska Forest Service (NFS) has served the communities of Nebraska since the beginnings of the Federal Urban and Community Forestry program in 1976. Since that time, the NFS has worked actively with well over half of the state’s 534 cities and villages. In addition, NFS foresters have done public tree inventories, resource assessments and management plans for 175 of those communities. The NFS endeavors to provide the best and most recent technical forestry and arboricultural information to help communities manage their tree resources. Community tree resources are assets that need to be managed and cared for just as any …

Factors Affecting The Site Of Investment, And The Reliance On Savings For Arctic Breeders: The Capital–Income Dichotomy Revisited, Marcel Klaassen, Kenneth F. Abraham, Robert L. Jefferies, Mark Vrtiska

Nebraska Game and Parks Commission: Staff Research Publications

The extent to which migratory birds that breed in the Arctic and winter in southern biomes rely on residual body stores for reproduction is unresolved. The short arctic summer and the limited availability of food early in the season constrain the time available for successful reproduction. Birds that are able to bring sufficient endogenous reserves to the breeding ground to meet, at least partially, the demands of egg-laying can initiate clutch production soon after arrival, thereby shortening the length of the breeding season and improving the chances of reproductive success. The amount of reserves available will be influenced by body …

Survival Estimates Of Western Gray Whales Eschrichtius Robustus Incorporating Individual Heterogeneity And Temporary Emigration, Amanda Bradford, Paul R. Wade, David Weller, Alexander M. Burdin, Yulia V. Ivashchenko, Grigory A. Tsidulko, Glenn R. Vanblaricom, Robert L. Brownell Jr.

United States Department of Commerce: Staff Publications

Gray whales Eschrichtius robustus exist as a 2 geographically and genetically distinct populations in the eastern and western North Pacific. Subjected to intensive commercial whaling during the 19th and 20th centuries, the western population presently numbers approximately 100 individuals and is regarded as one of the most endangered baleen whale populations in the world.

Development Of A Reference Dose For The Persistent Congeners Of Weathered Toxaphene Based On In Vivo And In Vitro Effects Related To Tumor Promotion, Ted Simon, Randall Manning

United States Environmental Protection Agency: Publications

Toxaphene is a mixture of chlorinated camphenes and bornanes that was produced and used in the United States until 1982. 1.3 million tons of toxaphene have been released worldwide. ‘‘Technical’’ toxaphene (TT) consists of a mixture of up to 800 different chemicals, known as congeners. TT weathers in the environment by both biotic and abiotic processes. The human body burden of toxaphene consists of only five persistent congeners that are not metabolized; three of these occur in considerably greater amounts than the other two. Because of the rapid metabolism and excretion of the non-persistent congeners, the persistent congeners that make …

A Health Risk Evaluation For Pallid Sturgeon (Scaphirhynchus Albus) In The Lower Platte River Using Shovelnose Sturgeon (Scaphirhynchus Platorynchus) As A Surrogate, Matthew S. Schwarz, Christina D. Lydick, Donald E. Tillit, Diana M. Papoulias, Timothy S. Gross

United States Fish and Wildlife Service: Publications

Most sturgeon species worldwide have been in steep decline since the 1900s. This research evaluated shovelnose sturgeon health, reproduction, and exposure to environmental contamination in the lower Platte River. Shovelnose sturgeon served as a surrogate species for the endangered pallid sturgeon and their health was assessed by incorporating measurements of general health with hepatic, immune, and reproductive system biomarkers. Environmental contaminants were measured in water, potential pallid sturgeon food items (cyprinid minnows), and shovelnose sturgeon digesta, liver, and blood plasma. Contaminants detected in shovelnose sturgeon at concentrations of concern included PCBs, selenium, and atrazine. Total PCBs in carcasses (n = …

Gastrointestinal Morphology Of Female White-Tailed And Mule Deer: Effects Of Fire, Reproduction, And Feeding Type, Teresa J. Zimmerman, Jonathan A. Jenks, David M. Leslie Jr.

United States Geological Survey: Staff Publications

We assessed variation in length, width, density, and surface enlargement factor of papillae; rumen and intestinal digesta weight; intestinal length; and intestinal tissue weight of reproductive and nonreproductive female white-tailed (Odocoileus virginianus) and mule deer (O. hemionus) using similar burned and unburned habitat. Deer were collected from study areas in Custer and Pennington counties, South Dakota, in and adjacent to a wildfire burn. Length of papillae and enlargement factor of papillae surface of white-tailed deer and mule deer were greater in burned than unburned habitat, and dry weight of rumen digesta of white-tailed deer was greater …

University Of Nebraska- Lincoln: Fact Book 2005-2006

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Administration: Reports, Papers, Publications, and Presentations

Fact Book 2005-2006 Table of Contents

General Information

Role and Mission Statement.............................

Institutional & Professional Accreditations .....................................................7

UNL Organizational Chart............................................................................9

Student Credit Hours

UNL Student Credit Hours Total Fall & Spring Semester, by College, 5 Year Trend...........................10

UNL Student Credit Hours Total Fall, by College, 5 Year Trend................................11

UNL Student Credit Hours Total Spring, By College, 5 Year Trend................................12

Summer Sessions Student Credit Hours..........................................................13

Retention, Degrees and Majors

UNL Student Retention & Graduation Rate Analysis............................................14

Total Degrees conferred by UNL Fiscal Year, 10 Year Trend.......................................15

Degrees Conferred by College, Type & Number.............................................................16

Types of Degrees Currently Offered at UNL...............................................................17

Academic …

The Case Against Evening-Up Litters Until Weaning, Duane Reese, Barbara Straw

Nebraska Swine Reports

A literature review on the effect of fostering or moving individual piglets from one litter to another after they are 24 to 48 hours of age was conducted. Late fostering disrupts nursing, increases fighting, and impairs the growth rate of adopted piglets and their littermates. Pig body weight at weaning was reduced 13 to 24% in extensively fostered litters vs. those where no piglets were fostered after 48 hours of age. No evidence was found that late fostering improves preweaning survival. For the greater good of all piglets, producers are encouraged to resist the urge to even-up litters or foster …

Wildlife And Invertebrate Response To Fuel Reduction Treatments In Dry Coniferous Forests Of The Western United States: A Synthesis, David S. Pilliod, Evelyn L. Bull, Jane L. Hayes, Barbara C. Wales

United States Department of Agriculture, Forest Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

This document is part of the Fuels Planning: Science Synthesis and Integration Project, a pilot project initiated by the USDA Forest Service to respond to the need for tools and information useful for planning site-specific fuel (vegetation) treatment projects. The information addresses fuel and forest conditions of the dry inland forests of the Western United States: those dominated by ponderosa pine, Douglas-fir, dry grand fir/white fir, and dry lodgepole pine potential vegetation types. Information was developed primarily for application at the stand level and is intended to be useful within this forest type regardless of ownership. Portions of the information …

Life-Course Socioeconomic Position And Hypertension In African American Men: The Pitt County Study, Sherman A. James, John Van Hoewyk, Robert F. Belli, David S. Strogatz, David R. Williams, Trevillore E. Raghunathan

Department of Psychology: Faculty Publications

Objectives. We investigated the odds of hypertension for Black men in relationship to their socioeconomic position (SEP) in both childhood and adulthood.

Methods. On the basis of their parents’ occupation, we classified 379 men in the Pitt County (North Carolina) Study into low and high childhood SEP. The men’s own education, occupation, employment status, and home ownership status were used to classify them into low and high adulthood SEP. Four life-course SEP categories resulted: low childhood/low adulthood, low childhood/high adulthood, high childhood/low adulthood, and high childhood/high adulthood.

Results. Low childhood SEP was associated with a 60% greater …

Pond Production, Bartholomew W. Green, C. Bauer Duke Iii

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

Management strategies for production of tilapia (Oreochromis sp.) in earthen or lined ponds range from chemical and/or organic fertilization only to intensive feeding. Pond water quality for each strategy is discussed. Strategies to optimize standing stock management during grow-out are presented.

Simulated Insect Defoliation And Duration Of Weed Interference Affected Soybean Growth, Travis C. Gustafson, Stevan Z. Knezevic, Thomas E. Hunt, John L. Lindquist

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

An improved understanding of crop stress from multiple pests is needed for better implementation of integrated pest management (IPM) strategies. Field studies were conducted in 2003 and 2004 at two locations in eastern Nebraska to describe the effects of simulated early-season insect defoliation of soybean and duration of weed interference on soybean growth. Three levels of simulated defoliation (undefoliated, 30, and 60%) and seven durations of weed interference (weedy and weed free; weed removal at V2, V4, V6, R3, and R5) were evaluated in a split-plot design. Defoliation significantly reduced soybean leaf-area index (LAI), total dry matter (TDM), and crop …

A System For Wintering Beef Heifers Using Dried Distillers Grains, Leslie Aaron Stalker, Don C. Adams, Terry J. Klopfenstein

Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports

A two-year experiment compared two systems for wintering pregnant heifers. The standard system used by the ranch served as the control (CON) and the treatment system (TRT) included a dried distillers grains based supplement. Heifers in the TRT system were heavier and had greater body condition score at end of supplementation. Calving difficulty, percentage of live calves weaned and subsequent pregnancy rate were similar between systems. Calves born to heifers in the TRT system were heavier at birth and weaning. The TRT system cost $10.47/heifer less than the CON system and resulted in equivalent or improved heifer and calf growth …

Chemical Composition And Response To Dilute-Acid Pretreatment And Enzymatic Saccharification Of Alfalfa, Reed Canarygrass, And Switchgrass, Bruce S. Dien, Hans-Joachim G. Jung, Kenneth P. Vogel, Michael D. Casler, Joann F. S. Lamb, Loren Iten, Robert C. Mitchell, Gautum Sarath

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

Alfalfa stems, reed canarygrass, and switchgrass; perennial herbaceous species that have potential as biomass energy crops in temperate regions; were evaluated for their bioconversion potential as energy crops. Each forage species was harvested at two or three maturity stages and analyzed for carbohydrates, lignin, protein, lipid, organic acids, and mineral composition. The biomass samples were also evaluated for sugar yields following pretreatment with dilute sulfuric followed by enzymatic saccharification using a commercial cellulase preparation. Total carbohydrate content of the plants varied from 518 to 655 g kg^-1 dry matter (DM) and cellulose concentration from 209 to 322 g kg …

Mutations In Arabidopsis Yellow Stripe-Like1 And Yellow Stripe-Like3 Reveal Their Roles In Metal Ion Homeostasis And Loading Of Metal Ions In Seeds, Brian M. Waters, Heng-Hsuan Chu, Raymond J. Didonato, Louis A. Roberts, Robynn B. Eisley, Brett Lahner, David E. Salt, Elsbeth L. Walker

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

Here, we describe two members of the Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) Yellow Stripe-Like (YSL) family, AtYSL1 and AtYSL3. The YSL1 and YSL3 proteins are members of the oligopeptide transporter family and are predicted to be integral membrane proteins. YSL1 and YSL3 are similar to the maize (Zea mays) YS1 phytosiderophore transporter (ZmYS1) and the AtYSL2 iron (Fe)-nicotianamine transporter, and are predicted to transport metal-nicotianamine complexes into cells. YSL1 and YSL3 mRNAs are expressed in both root and shoot tissues, and both are regulated in response to the Fe status of the plant. β-Glucuronidase reporter expression, driven by …

Developments And Hurdles In Generating Vaccines For Controlling Helminth Parasites Of Grazing Ruminants, W.D. Smith, D.S. Zarlenga

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

As a direct consequence of rising drug resistance among common nematodes of grazing animals, efforts toward state-of-the- art vaccine development have clearly intensified in recent years, fuelled primarily by the advent of newer technologies in gene discovery, by advancements in antigen identification, characterisation and production. In this regard, it is appropriate to review progress that has been made in generating helminth vaccines and in particular, vaccines against common nematodes of production animals for consumption. In like manner, it is prudent to evaluate barriers that have hindered progress in the past and continue to present obstacles that must be solved when …

Characterization Of Storage Proteins In Wild (Glycine Soja) And Cultivated (Glycine Max) Soybean Seeds Using Proteomic Analysis, Savithiry S. Natarajan, Chenping Xu, Hanhong Bae, Thomas J. Caperna, Wesley M. Garrett

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

A combined proteomic approach was applied for the separation, identification, and comparison of two major storage proteins, β-conglycinin and glycinin, in wild (Glycine soja) and cultivated (Glycine max) soybean seeds. Two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (2D-PAGE) with three different immobilized pH gradient (IPG) strips was an effective method to separate a large number of abundant and less-abundant storage proteins. Most of the subunits of β-conglycinin were well separated in the pH range 3.0-10.0, while acidic and basic glycinin polypeptides were well-separated in pH ranges 4.0-7.0 and 6.0-11.0, respectively. Although the overall distribution pattern of the protein spots …

Post-Weaning Performance Of Steers From Varying Calving And Weaning Strategies In Montana, E. E. Grings, W. A. Phillips, R. E. Short, H. Mayeux, R. K. Heitschmidt

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

The impact of varied calving and weaning times on post-weaning production of steer calves was evaluated in a 3- yr study. Steers (approximately 12 steers per calving-weaning treatment per year) born in late winter or early spring were weaned at 190 or 240 d of age, and steers born in late spring were weaned at 140 or 190 d of age after grazing with their dams on native range. Steers were pen-fed a growing diet until approximately 375 kg BW. They were then moved to an individual feeding facility and fed a higher-energy diet. Steers were allotted to harvest dates …

Host Specificity Of Divergent Populations Of The Leaf Beetle Diorhabda Elongata (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), A Biological Control Agent Of Saltcedar (Tamarix Spp.), Lindsey R. Milbrath, C. Clark Deloach

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

The leaf beetle, Diorhabda elongata (Brullé) sensu lato, was released in 2001 for the classical biological control of exotic saltcedars, a complex of invasive Tamarix species and hybrids. It did not establish at sites south of 37°N latitude where summer daylengths are below the critical photoperiod of the northern-adapted populations of the beetle that were released. Therefore, we assessed the host specificity of four D. elongata populations collected from more southern latitudes in the Old World (Tunisia, Crete, Uzbekistan, and Turpan, China). All populations were similar to each other and the previously released populations of D. elongata in their …

Involvement In Early Head Start Home Visiting Services: Demographic Predictors And Relations To Child And Parent Outcomes, Helen Raikes, Beth L. Green, Jane Atwater, Ellen Kisker, Jill Constantine, Rachel Chazan-Cohen

Department of Child, Youth, and Family Studies: Faculty Publications

One strand of home visiting research investigates effi cacy while another investigates under what conditions programs achieve outcomes. The current study follows the latter approach. Using a within-program design in a sample of 11 home-based sites in the Early Head Start Research and Evaluation study, this study found that three components of home visits (quantity of involvement including number of home visits, duration in the program, length of visits and intensity of service; quality of engagement including global ratings of engagement by staff and ratings of engagement during each home visit; and the extent to which home visits were child …

Effects Of Temperature On Development Of Phormia Regina (Diptera: Calliphoridae) And Use Of Developmental Data In Determining Time Intervals In Forensic Entomology, P. D. Nabity, Leon G. Higley, Tiffany M. Heng-Moss

Department of Entomology: Faculty Publications

Precise developmental data for forensic indicator blow fly species are essential for accuracy in the estimate of the post-mortem interval (PMI). Why, then, does the determination of the PMI result in conflicting time frames when published conspecific developmental data are used? To answer this question, we conducted constant temperature trials between the developmental minimum temperature and upper threshold temperatures (8-32 degrees C) on the forensically important blow fly species Phormia regina (Meigen) (Diptera: Calliphoridae). Flies were reared using two designs to quantify sources of variation. We measured rearing container temperatures and internal growth chamber temperatures by using thermocouples to accurately …

Relative Index Of Susceptibility To The Maize Weevil, Sitophilus Zeamais, Among Some Qpm Corn Lines, Jamilton P. Santos, Paulo E. O. Guimaraes, Jose M. Waquil, John E. Foster

Department of Entomology: Faculty Publications

The maize weevil, Sitophilus zeamais, is one important pest of stored corn grain. It is difficult to control and causes large weight and nutritional losses to the grains. The discovery of the gene Opaque-2 (O-2) that enhances the protein quality with Lysine and Tryptophane opened new perspectives to use corn to feed monogastric animals and for human nutrition. However, the soft and farinaceous consistency of the endosperm in the O-2 gene corn increased the susceptibility to maize weevil. To solve this problem the O-2 gene was transferred to normal corn. This new corn was called Quality Protein Maize (QPM). …