Digital Commons Network^™

Wildlife-Associated Recreation Trends In The United States A Technical Document Supporting The Forest Service 2010 Rpa Assessment, Miranda H. Mockrin, Richard A. Aiken, Curtis H. Flather

United States Department of Agriculture, Forest Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

The Forest and Rangeland Renewable Resources Planning Act (RPA) of 1974 requires periodic assessments of the condition and trends of the Nation’s renewable natural resources. In this report, we document recent and historical trends in hunting and wildlife watching to fulfill RPA requirements. Using data from the U.S. Department of the Interior, Fish and Wildlife Service’s National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation we present historical trends back to 1955 as well as recent changes from the past 10 to 20 years to evaluate changes in recreation since the 2000 RPA Assessment. We report on several attributes of wildlife …

Effects Of Ungulate Herbivory On Aspen, Cottonwood, And Willow Development Under Forest Fuels Treatment Regimes, Bryan A. Endress, Michael J. Wisdom, Martin Vavra, Catherine G. Parks, Brian L. Dick, Bridgett J. Naylor, Jennifer M. Boyd

United States Department of Agriculture, Forest Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

Herbivory by domestic and wild ungulates can dramatically affect vegetation structure, composition and dynamics in nearly every terrestrial ecosystem of the world. These effects are of particular concern in forests of western North America, where intensive herbivory by native and domestic ungulates has the potential to substantially reduce or eliminate deciduous, highly palatable species of aspen (Populus tremuloides), cottonwood (Populus trichocarpa), and willow (Salix spp.). In turn, differential herbivory pressure may favor greater establishment of unpalatable conifers that serve as ladder fuels for stand-replacing fires. The resulting high fuel loads often require silvicultural fuels reductions …

Concentrated Flow Paths In Riparian Buffer Zones Of Southern Illinois, R. C. Pankau, J. E. Schoonover, K. W. J. Williard, P. J. Edwards

United States Department of Agriculture, Forest Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

Riparian buffers in agricultural landscapes should be designed to trap pollutants in overland flow by slowing, filtering, and infiltrating surface runoff entering the buffer via sheet flow. However, observational evidence suggests that concentrated flow is prevalent from agricultural fields. Over time sediment can accumulate in riparian buffers forming berms that restrict sheet flow; these berms ultimately back up surface runoff, resulting in an eventual breakthrough that concentrates overland flow. This study examines the occurrence of concentrated flow paths (CFPs) in riparian buffers at both the field and watershed scale. At the field scale, intensive topographic surveys were conducted at ten …

Bodybuilding, Energy, And Weight-Loss Supplements Are Associated With Deployment And Physical Activity In U.S. Military Personnel, Isabel G. Jacobson, Jamie L. Horton, Besa Smith, Timothy S. Wells, Edward J. Boyko, Harris R. Lieberman, Margaret A.K Ryan, Tyler C. Smith

United States Air Force: Publications

PURPOSE: The characteristics of U.S. military personnel who use dietary supplements have not been well described. This study aimed to determine whether deployment experience and physical activity were associated with the use of bodybuilding, energy, or weight-loss supplement among U.S. military personnel.

METHODS: Self-reported data from active-duty, Reserve, and National Guard participants of the Millennium Cohort Study collected from 2007–2008 (nZ106,698) on supplement use, physical activity, and other behavioral data were linked with deployment and demographic data. We used multivariable logistic regression sex-stratified models to compare the adjusted odds of each type of supplement use among those with deployment experience …

Effects Of Feeding Field Peas In Combination With Distillers Grains Plus Solubles In Finishing And Growing Diets On Cattle Performance And Carcass Characteristics, A. C. Pesta, A. H. Titlow, J. A. Hansen, A. L. Berger, S. A. Furman, Matt K. Luebbe, G. E. Erickson, K. H. Jenkins

Department of Animal Science: Faculty Publications

Two studies were conducted to evaluate field peas and wet or dry corn distillers grains with solubles (WDGS and DDGS, respectively) in finishing and growing diets. In Exp. 1, British crossbred steers (n = 352, initial BW 356 ± 27 kg) were used in a randomized block design with factors being 0 or 20% field peas and 0 or 30% WDGS in dry-rolled corn (DRC) based finishing diets (DM basis). There was an interaction (P < 0.01) for DMI and G:F. Feeding WDGS increased ADG (P < 0.01), whereas peas had no effect on ADG (P = 0.33). Including WDGS increased G:F in diets without peas (P < 0.01), but had no impact (P = 0.12) in diets containing peas. Peas increased G:F (P = 0.04) in diets without WDGS, but decreased G:F (P = 0.03) with WDGS. Feeding WDGS increased HCW (P < 0.01). In Exp. 2, Continental crossbred heifers (yr. 1; n = 108, initial BW 338 ± 14 kg) and British crossbred steers (yr. 2; n = 90, initial BW 321 ± 10 kg) were assigned randomly to 1 of 9 pastures. Treatments were supplementation with loose DDGS meal on the ground (GROUND), in a bunk (BUNK) or a 25% field peas, 75% DDGS cube on the ground (CUBE) at equal CP. Final BW and ADG were less (P < 0.01) for GROUND than for CUBE and BUNK, which were similar. These data indicate up to 50% DRC could be replaced by peas and WDGS, and peas are an acceptable binder for DDGS range cubes.

Body Size And Pubertal Development Explain Ethnic Differences In Structural Geometry At The Femur In Asian, Hispanic, And White Early Adolescent Girls Living In The U.S., Daniel L. Osborne, C.M. Weaver, L.D. Mccabe, G.P. Mccabe, R. Novotny, M.D. Van Loan, S. Going, V. Matkovic, C.J. Boushey, D.A. Savaiano

Department of Anthropology: Faculty Publications

Variation in structural geometry is present in adulthood, but when this variation arises and what influences this variation prior to adulthood remains poorly understood. Ethnicity is commonly the focus of research of skeletal integrity and appears to explain some of the variation in quantification of bone tissue. However, why ethnicity explains variation in skeletal integrity is unclear.
Methods: Here we examine predictors of bone cross sectional area (CSA) and section modulus (Z), measured using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) and the Advanced Hip Analysis (AHA) program at the narrow neck of the femur in adolescent (9–14 years) girls (n …

Physiology And Endocrinology Symposium: Factors Controlling Puberty In Beef Heifers, P. M. Fricke, R. A. Cushman

Roman L. Hruska U.S. Meat Animal Research Center: Reports

The Physiology and Endocrinology Symposium on “Factors controlling puberty in beef heifers” was held at the Joint Annual Meeting of the American Society of Animal Science and the American Dairy Science Association in New Orleans, Louisiana, July 10 to 14, 2011. The objective of the symposium was to provide attendees with new insights and perspectives from recent research findings on puberty in beef heifers. To that end, the 2011 physiology and endocrinology symposium program was organized to review recent research findings in beef cattle puberty with a broad overview of areas affecting puberty including management, genetics, nutrition, and hormonal manipulation …

Chapter 1 An Introduction To Agricultural Biotechnology Regulation In The U.S., Chris A. Wozniak, Annabel Fellman Waggoner, Sheryl Reilly

United States Environmental Protection Agency: Publications

The regulation of agricultural plant and microbial biotechnology products in the United States of America has a rich history that re fl ects the challenges the federal government has faced in the development of appropriate rules and standards needed to determine their safety to humans and the environment. Several factors – the insuf fi cient global food supply, loss or curtailment of the use of older chemistries to control pests due to risks and environmental persistence, the rising demand for safer food commodities, and the uncertainty surrounding the sustainability of agriculture in this and other countries – have added to …

Starvation Causes Disturbance In Amino Acid And Fatty Acid Metabolism In Diporeia, Suman Maity, Amber Jannasch, Jiri Adamec, Thomas Nalepa, Tomas O. Höök, Maria S. Sepúlveda

United States Department of Commerce: Staff Publications

The benthic amphipod Diporeia spp. was once the predominant macroinvertebrate in deep, offshore regions of the Laurentian Great Lakes. However, since the early 1990s, Diporeia populations have steadily declined across the area. It has been hypothesized that this decline is due to starvation from increasing competition for food with invasive dreissenid mussels. In order to gain a better understanding of the changes in Diporeia physiology during starvation, we applied two-dimensional gas chromatography coupled with time of flight mass spectrometry (GCXGC/TOF-MS) for investigating the responses in Diporeia metabolome during starvation. We starved Diporeia for 60 days and collected five organisms every …

Health Status, Infection And Disease In California Sea Lions (Zalophus Californianus) Studied Using A Canine Microarray Platform And Machine-Learning Approaches, Annalaura Mancia, James C. Ryan, Robert W. Chapman, Qingzhong Wu, Gregory W. Warr, Frances M.D. Gulland, Frances M. Van Dolah

United States Department of Commerce: Staff Publications

Conservation biologists face many challenges in assessing health, immune status and infectious diseases in protected species. These challenges include unpredictable sample populations, diverse genetic and environmental backgrounds of the animals, as well as the practical, legal and ethical issues involved in experimentation. The use of whole genome scale transcriptomics with animal samples obtained in a minimally invasive manner is an approach that shows promise for health assessment. In this study we assessed the utility of a microarray to identify changes in gene expression predictive of health status by interrogating blood samples from California sea lions (Zalophus californianus) in …

Disease Will Limit Future Food Supply From The Global Crustacean Fishery And Aquaculture Sectors, G.D. Stentiford, D.M. Neil, E.J. Peeler, J.D. Shields, H.J. Small, T.W. Flegel, J.M. Vlak, B. Jones, F. Morado, S. Moss, J. Lotz, L. Bartholomay, D.C. Behringer, C. Hauton, D.V. Lightner

United States Department of Commerce: Staff Publications

Seafood is a highly traded food commodity. Farmed and captured crustaceans contribute a significant proportion with annual production exceeding 10 M metric tonnes with first sale value of $40bn. The sector is dominated by farmed tropical marine shrimp, the fastest growing sector of the global aquaculture industry. It is significant in supporting rural livelihoods and alleviating poverty in producing nations within Asia and Latin America while forming an increasing contribution to aquatic food supply in more developed countries. Nations with marine borders often also support important marine fisheries for crustaceans that are regionally traded as live animals and commodity products. …

Critique On The Use Of The Standardized Avian Acute Oral Toxicity Test For First Generation Anticoagulant Rodenticides, Nimish B. Vyas, Barnett A. Rattner

United States Geological Survey: Staff Publications

Avian risk assessments for rodenticides are often driven by the results of standardized acute oral toxicity tests without regards to a toxicant’s mode of action and time course of adverse effects. First generation anticoagulant rodenticides (FGARs) generally require multiple feedings over several days to achieve a threshold concentration in tissue and cause adverse effects. This exposure regimen is much different than that used in the standardized acute oral toxicity test methodology. Median lethal dose values derived from standardized acute oral toxicity tests underestimate the environmental hazard and risk of FGARs. Caution is warranted when FGAR toxicity, physiological effects, and pharmacokinetics …

Climate Change And Infectious Disease Dynamics, Raina K. Plowright, Paul C. Cross, Gary M. Tabor, Emily Almberg, Leslie Bienen, Peter J. Hudson

United States Geological Survey: Staff Publications

The International Panel on Climate Change has made an unequivocal case that the earth's climate is changing in profound ways, and that human activities are contributing significantly to climate disruption (IPCC 2007). The weight of evidence demonstrates warming global temperatures, changing patterns of precipitation, and increasing climate variability, with more extreme events. Thus, the physical underpinnings of ecology are changing, with pervasive effects on disease dynamics. Interactions among environment, hosts, and pathogens drive disease processes, and climate change will influence every interaction in this triad, directly and indirectly.

Sorta Situ: The New Reality Of Management Conditions For Wildlife Populations In The Absence Of "Wild" Spaces, Barbara A. Wolfe, Roberto F. Aguilar, A. Alonso Aguirre, Glenn H. Olsen, Evan S. Blumer

United States Geological Survey: Staff Publications

The rate of species loss today is approaching catastrophic levels. Scientists project that over the next two decades, more than 1 million species of plants and animals will become extinct. E.O. Wilson has estimated that "the rate ofloss may exceed 50,000 a year, 137 a day ... this rate, while horrendous, is actually the minimal estimate, based on the species/area relationship alone" (Kellert and Wilson 1993, p. 16; Aguirre 2009). Ever-expanding communities, strained natural resources, changes in land use, and other anthropogenic drivers are compromising ecosystems and rapidly changing the landscape and the availability of "wild" spaces.

G12-2175 Animal Care Resource Guide For 4-H And Ffa Members: Knowing The Livestock Lingo, Lindsay M. Chichester, Karna J. Dam, Dennis E. Bauer

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

There are many terms associated with livestock production that may be unfamiliar to youth. This 2012 NebGuide lists and defines terms common between species and specific to certain species.

Economic Impact Of Stable Flies (Diptera: Muscidae) On Dairy And Beef Cattle Production, David B. Taylor, Roger D. Moon, Darrell R. Mark

Department of Agricultural Economics: Faculty Publications

Stable flies, Stomoxys calcitrans (L.), are among the most damaging arthropod pests of cattle worldwide. The last estimate of their economic impact on United States cattle production was published 20 yr ago and placed losses at $608 million. Subsequently, several studies of effects of stable flies on beef cattle weight gain and feed efficiency have been published, and stable flies have become increasingly recognized as pests of cattle on pasture and range. We analyzed published studies and developed yield-loss functions to relate stable fly infestation levels to cattle productivity, and then estimated the economic impact of stable flies on cattle …

Nebraska Green Scene 2012

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Monthly Newsletters

Table of Contents

Letters from the Head and Associate Head

Meet the staff

Student news

Faculty News

Effects Of Crop Residue Removal On Soil Water Content And Yield Of Deficit-Irrigated Soybean, Simon Van Donk, Timothy M. Shaver, James L. Petersen, Don Davison

West Central Research and Extension Center, North Platte

Reduced tillage, with more crop residue remaining on the soil surface, is believed to conserve water, especially in arid and semi-arid climates. However, the magnitude of water conservation is not clear. An experiment was conducted to study the effect of crop residue removal on soil water content, soil quality, and crop yield at North Platte, Nebraska. The same field plots were planted to soybean (Glycine max) in 2009 and 2010. There were two treatments: residue-covered soil and bare soil. Residue (mostly corn residue in 2009 and mostly soybean residue in 2010) was removed every spring from the same …

Effect Of Fires On Soil Organic Carbon Pool And Mineralization In A Northeastern China Wetland, Hongmei Zhao, Daniel Q. Tong, Qianxin Lin, Xianguo Lu, Guoping Wang

United States Department of Commerce: Staff Publications

Fire occurs frequently over wetland, but little is known of its impact on soil carbon variations and carbon mineralization, process that are potentially important in global carbon cycle. To investigate this issue, we have designed and implemented a two-year field campaign to quality the effects of fire seasonality and frequency on soil carbon abundance and carbon mineralization in a wetland of the Sanjiang Plain in Northeastern China. A total of 4 burning experiments were conducted over 12 wetland plots from autumn 2007 to spring 2009. Our results show that after burning soil organic carbon (OC) increased in the burned soils …

The Economic Impact Of The New Insensitive Sorghum Cultivars In The Dairy Market Of Nicaragua, Gabriel Garcia Gomez

INTSORMIL Scientific Publications

This thesis estimates the benefits and returns to consumers, processors, producers and society of the new insensitive sorghum cultivars used for the dairy production in Nicaraguan. Many dairy producers also sell their grain so sorghum production is a multi-product activity.

The breeding project of INTA developed cultivars for simultaneous use in dairy and grain production. Its first release was Pinolero-1 developed during the Nicaraguan civil war. This cultivar was rapidly adopted by farmers after the end of the war in 1990. Subsequently, five more new cultivars have been released. We consider their combined effects.

Through field surveys, we calculated the …

Elimination Therapy For The Endemic Malarias, J. Kevin Baird

United States Public Health Resources

Most malaria diagnosed outside endemic zones occurs in patients experiencing the consequences of what was likely a single infectious bite by an anopheline mosquito. A single species of parasite is nearly always involved and expert opinion on malaria chemotherapy uniformly prescribes species- and stage-specific treatments. However the vast majority of people experiencing malaria, those resident in endemic zones, do so repeatedly and very often with the involvement of two or more species and stages of parasite. Silent forms of these infections—asymptomatic and beyond the reach of diagnostics—may accumulate to form substantial and unchallenged reservoirs of infection. In such settings treating …

Health Equity Resource Toolkit For State Practitioners Addressing Obesity Disparities

United States Public Health Resources

Title Page

Acknowledgments

Contents

1. Introduction

2. Conceptual Framework

3. Incorporating Health Equity into the Obesity Prevention Planning Processes

4. Conclusion

5. References

6. Appendices

Association Between Acculturation And Breastfeeding Among Hispanic Women: Data From The Pregnancy Risk Assessment And Monitoring System, Indu B. Ahluwalia, Denise D’Angelo, Brian Morrow, Jill A. Mcdonald

United States Public Health Resources

Background: Breastfeeding rates are typically higher among Hispanic women; however, they vary by acculturation status in that those more acculturated are less likely to breastfeed than those who are less acculturated. This study examined the association between acculturation and breastfeeding behaviors using population-based data.

Methods: Data (N = 8942) from the Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System (PRAMS) were used for analysis. Acculturation status was determined using self-reported Hispanic ethnicity and the language in which the women responded to the PRAMS survey, either English or Spanish. Hispanic women who responded to the survey in Spanish were categorized as less acculturated than …

The Use Of Low-Calorie Sweeteners By Children: Implications For Weight Management, John Foreyt, Ronald Kleinman, Rebecca Brown, Rachel Lindstrom

United States Public Health Resources

The rise in pediatric obesity since the 1970s has been well established in the United States and is becoming a major concern worldwide. As a potential means to help slow the obesity epidemic, low-calorie sweeteners (LCS) have gained attention as dietary tools to assist in adherence to weight loss plans or prevention of excess weight gain. Observational studies tend to show positive correlations between LCS consumption and weight gain in children and adolescents. Although the data are intriguing, these epidemiologic studies do not establish that LCS cause weight gain, because there are likely many lifestyle and genetic differences between children …

Salmonella Enterica Serotype Enteritidis: Increasing Incidence Of Domestically Acquired Infections, Shua J. Chai, Patricia L. White, Sarah L. Lathrop, Suzanne M. Solghan, Carlota Medus, Beth Mcglinchey, Melissa Tobin-D'Angelo, Ruthanne Marcus, Barbara Mahon

United States Public Health Resources

Background. Salmonella enterica causes an estimated 1 million cases of domestically acquired foodborne illness in humans annually in the United States; Enteritidis (SE) is the most common serotype. Public health authorities, regulatory agencies, food producers, and food processors need accurate information about rates and changes in SE infection to implement and evaluate evidence-based control policies and practices.

Methods. We analyzed the incidence of human SE infection during 1996–2009 in the Foodborne Diseases Active Surveillance Network (FoodNet), an active, population-based surveillance system for laboratory-confirmed infections. We compared FoodNet incidence with passively collected data from complementary surveillance systems and with …

Fish Oil And Indomethacin In Combination Potently Reduce Dyslipidemia And Hepatic Steatosis In Ldlr-/- Mice, Ganesan Murali, Ginger L. Milne, Corey Webb, Ann B. Stewart, Ryan P. Mcmillan, Brandon C. Lyle, Matthew W. Hulver, Viswanathan Saraswathi

United States Public Health Resources

Fish oil (FO) is a potent anti-inflammatory and lipid-lowering agent. Because inflammation can modulate lipid metabolism and vice versa, we hypothesized that combining FO with cyclooxygenase inhibitors (COXIBs), well-known anti-inflammatory drugs, can enhance the anti-inflammatory and lipid-lowering effect of FO. LDLR-/- mice were fed a high fat diet supplemented with 6% olive oil or FO for 12 wk in the presence or absence of indomethacin (Indo, 6mg/liter drinking water). FO reduced plasma total cholesterol by 30% but in combination with Indo, exerted a greater decrease (44%). The reduction of liver cholesterol ester (CE) and triglycerides (TG) by FO (63% …

Annual Report To The Nation On The Status Of Cancer, 1975-2008, Featuring Cancers Associated With Excess Weight And Lack Of Sufficient Physical Activity, Christie Eheman, S. Jane Henley, Rachel Ballard-Barbash, Eric J. Jacobs, Maria J. Schymura, Anne-Michelle Noone, Liping Pan, Robert N. Anderson, Janet E. Fulton, Betsy A. Kohler, Ahmedin Jemal, Elizabeth Ward, Marcus Plescia, Lynn A. G. Ries, Brenda K. Edwards

United States Public Health Resources

BACKGROUND: Annual updates on cancer occurrence and trends in the United States are provided through collaboration between the American Cancer Society (ACS), the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), the National Cancer Institute (NCI), and the North American Association of Central Cancer Registries (NAACCR). This year’s report highlights the increased cancer risk associated with excess weight (overweight or obesity) and lack of sufficient physical activity (<150 minutes of physical activity per week).

METHODS: Data on cancer incidence were obtained from the CDC, NCI, and NAACCR; data on cancer deaths were obtained from the CDC’s National Center for Health Statistics. Annual percent changes in …

Expert Panel On Integrated Guidelines For Cardiovascular Health And Risk Reduction In Children And Adolescents Full Report

United States Natonal Institutes of Health: Materials

The Expert Panel Integrated Guidelines for Cardiovascular Health and Risk Reduction in Children and Adolescents contain recommendations

Index Selection In Terminal Sires Improves Early Lamb Growth, G. C. Márquez, W. Haresign, M. H. Davies, G. C. Emmans, Rainer Roehe, L Bünger, G. Simm, Ronald M. Lewis

Department of Animal Science: Faculty Publications

The use of terminal sires (TS) for crossbreeding is integral to the UK sheep industry where approximately 71% of market lambs are sired by TS rams. Early growth of these crossbred lambs affects profitability. The objectives of this study were i) to evaluate the effectiveness of index selection among TS on BW and ADG of their crossbred offspring; and ii) to compare the efficacy of that selection within TS breeds. The most widely used TS breeds in the United Kingdom are Charollais, Suffolk, and Texel. These participated in sire referencing schemes in which they were evaluated on a lean growth …

Reliability And Factor Structure Of The Psychological Maltreatment And Neglect Scales Of The Computer Assisted Maltreatment Inventory (Cami), Cindy L. Nash, Sarah A. Hayes-Skelton, David Dilillo

Department of Psychology: Faculty Publications

The primary objective of this study was to evaluate the psychometric properties of the Psychological Maltreatment (PM) and Neglect subscales of the Computer Assisted Maltreatment Inventory (CAMI; DiLillo et al., 2010). The CAMI is a retrospective self-report measure that assesses multiple forms of child maltreatment (i.e., sexual, physical, psychological, neglect, exposure to interparental violence) retrospectively from adults. The CAMI’s PM and Neglect subscales were administered to a geo-graphically diverse sample of 400 college students and a sample of 412 newlyweds. Exploratory fac-tor analyses were conducted for each group separately by subscale. Represented in the PM factor structures were items that …