Digital Commons Network^™

Ycf1-Mediated Cadmium Resistance In Yeast Is Dependent On Copper Metabolism And Antioxidant Enzymes, Wenzhong Wei, Nathan Smith, Xiaobin Wu, Heejeong Kim, Javier Seravalli, Oleh Khalimonchuk, Jaekwon Lee

Department of Biochemistry: Faculty Publications

Aims: Acquisition and detoxification of metal ions are vital biological processes. Given the requirement of metallochaperones in cellular copper distribution and metallation of cuproproteins, this study investigates whether the metallochaperones also deliver metal ions for transporters functioning in metal detoxification. Results: Resistance to excess cadmium and copper of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, which is conferred by PCA1 and CaCRP1 metal efflux P-type ATPases, respectively, does not rely on known metallochaperones, Atx1p, Ccs1p, and Cox17p. Copper deficiency induced by the expression of CaCRP1 encoding a copper exporter occurs in the absence of Atx1p. Intriguingly, CCS1 encoding the copper chaperone for superoxide …

Artificial Diets Used In Mass Production Of The New World Screwworm, Cochliomyia Hominivorax, H Chen, M F. Chaudhury, A Sagel, P L. Philips, S R. Skoda

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

The New World screwworm, Cochliomyia hominivorax (Coquerel) (Diptera: Calliphoridae), has been eradicated from North and Central America using the sterile insect technique. This success has been based on mass production of high-quality screwworms using artificial diets since 1958. Many diet formulations for both larvae and adults have been developed, mainly driven by cost efficiency and material supply. However, only four larval and two adult diet formulations have been applied in the six sterile fly mass production plants in the USA, Mexico and Panama. Herein, we briefly review the history of screwworm diet research and development, introduce the diet formulations used …

Combined Effects Of Phosphorus Nutrition And Elevated Carbon Dioxide Concentration On Chlorophyll Fluorescence, Photosynthesis, And Nutrient Efficiency Of Cotton, Shardendu K. Singh, Vangimalla R. Reddy

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

To examine the combined effects of phosphorus (P) nutrition and CO2 on photosynthesis, chlorophyll fluorescence (CF), and nutrient utilization and uptake, two controlled-environment experiments were conducted using 0.01, 0.05 and 0.20 mM external phosphate each at ambient and elevated CO2 (aCO2: 400 and eCO2: 800 mmol mol–1, respectively). The CF parameters were affected more by P nutrition than by CO2 treatment. Photoinhibition of photosystem II (PSII) was due to increased minimal CF (Fo') and decreased maximal CF (Fm'), and efficiency of energy harvesting (Fv'/Fm'). In addition, reduced electron transport rate (ETR), the quantum yield of PSII (FPSII) and CO2 assimilation …

The Molecular Basis Of Peanut Allergy, Geoffrey A. Mueller, Soheila J. Maleki, Lars C. Pedersen

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

Peanut allergens can trigger a potent and sometimes dangerous immune response in an increasing number of people. The molecular structures of these allergens form the basis for understanding this response. This review describes the currently known peanut allergen structures and discusses how modifications both enzymatic and non-enzymatic affect digestion, innate immune recognition, and IgE interactions. The allergen structures help explain cross-reactivity among allergens from different sources, which is useful in improving patient diagnostics. Surprisingly, it was recently noted that similar short peptide sequences among unrelated peanut allergens could also be a source of cross-reactivity. The molecular features of peanut allergens …

Artificial Diets Used In Mass Production Of The New World Screwworm, Cochliomyia Hominivorax, S. R. Skoda, H. Chen, M. F. Chaudhurry, A. Sagel, P. L. Phillips

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

The New World screwworm, Cochliomyia hominivorax (Coquerel) (Diptera: Calliphoridae), has been eradicated from North and Central America using the sterile insect technique. This success has been based on mass production of high-quality screwworms using artificial diets since 1958. Many diet formulations for both larvae and adults have been developed, mainly driven by cost efficiency and material supply. However, only four larval and two adult diet formulations have been applied in the six sterile fly mass production plants in the USA, Mexico and Panama. Herein, we briefly review the history of screwworm diet research and development, introduce the diet formulations used …

Switchgrass, Robert B. Mitchell, D. K. Lee, Mitchael Casler

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

Switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.) is a perennialwarm-season grass native to the grasslands of North America, is a model perennial grass for bioenergy, and is the most advanced herbaceous perennial bioenergy feedstock. Best management practices have been developed for switchgrass bioenergy production for the agroecoregions to which it is adapted. Field production of switchgrass likely will occur on cropland that is marginally productive for row crops, similar to land that was enrolled in the Conservation Reserve Program. Long-term, field-scale research demonstrates that switchgrass for bioenergy is productive, profitable for the farmer, and protective of the environment. Switchgrass was selected by the …

Beef Species Symposium: Potential Limitations Of Nrc In Predicting Energetic Requirements Of Beef Females Within Western U.S. Grazing Systems, M. K. Petersen, C. J. Mueller, J. T. Mulliniks, A. J. Roberts, T. Delcurto, R. C. Waterman

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

Assessment of beef cow energy balance and efficiency in grazing-extensive rangelands has occurred on a nominal basis over short time intervals and has not accounted for the complexity of metabolic and digestive responses; behavioral adaptations to climatic, terrain, and vegetation variables; and documentation of the effects of nutrient form and supply to grazing cattle. Previous research using pen-fed cows demonstrated differences (P < 0.01) in efficiency of weight change ranging from 135 to 58 g/Mcal ME intake. Furthermore, variation in efficiency of ME use for tissue energy gain or loss ranged from 36% to 80%. In general, energy costs for maintenance, tissue accretion, and mobilization were greatest in Angus-based cows, intermediate in Brahmanand Hereford-based cows, and least in dairy-based cows. The most efficient cattle may reflect the types that are successful in semiarid grazing environments with low input management. Successful range cattle systems are likely the result of retention of animals that best adapted to the grazing environment and thus were potentially more efficient. Animals exposed to a variety of stressors may continually adapt, so energy expenditure is reduced and may tend to depart from the modeled beef cow in the 1996 NRC Beef Cattle Requirements. Critical factors comprising cow lifetime achievement, including reproductive success, disease resistance, and calf weaning weight, may be driven by cow total energy utilization in energy-limiting environments. Therefore, energy adjustments for adapted cattle within these landscapes and seasonal BW changes can alter seasonal NEm requirements. Evaluated studies indicate that in static grazing environments, NRC prediction fitness was improved compared with predictions from dynamic systems where cattle were influenced less by management and more by environmental conditions. Preliminary herd analyses cast doubt on the accuracy of NRC BCS descriptions representing NEm requirements of adapted females utilizing semiarid rangelands. Possible gaps are proposed that could be the basis for prediction inaccuracies. A more complete understanding of mechanisms contributing to productivity in the field than the current model predicts will improve future models to better simulate energetic accountability and subsequent female performance.

Potential Involvement Of Aspergillus Flavus Laccases In Peanut Invasion At Low Water Potential, R. S. Arias, V. S. Sobolev, V. A. Orner, P. M. Dang, M. C. Lamb

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

Aspergillus flavus accumulates carcinogenic aflatoxins in peanuts, mainly in immature kernels during drought. Aspergillus flavus invasion induces accumulation of phytoalexins, mostly stilbenoids in peanut, as a plant defence mechanism. Because fungal laccases are often related to pathogenicity and can degrade stilbenoids, this study reports for the first time the expression of A. flavus laccases in the presence of kernels, hulls and low water potential in relation to the accumulation of phytoalexins in peanut kernels. Packed-cell volume (PCV) of A. flavus biomass was significantly higher (P ≤ 0.01) in the presence of mature kernels, dead kernels, and mature and immature peanut …

Biochemical Acclimation, Stomatal Limitation And Precipitationpatterns Underlie Decreases In Photosynthetic Stimulation Of Soybean(Glycine Max) At Elevated [Co2] And Temperatures Under Fully Open Airfield Conditions, David M. Rosenthala, Ursula M. Ruiz-Vera, Matthew H. Siebers, Sharon B. Gray, Carl J. Bernacchi, Donald R. Ort

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

The net effect of elevated [CO₂] and temperature on photosynthetic acclimation and plant productivityis poorly resolved. We assessed the effects of canopy warming and fully open air [CO₂] enrichment on (1)the acclimation of two biochemical parameters that frequently limit photosynthesis (A), the maximumcarboxylation capacity of Rubisco (V_c,max) and the maximum potential linear electron flux through photo-system II (J_max), (2) the associated responses of leaf structural and chemical properties related to A, as wellas (3) the stomatal limitation (l) imposed on A, for soybean over two growing seasons in a conventionallymanaged agricultural field …

Exploring Integrated Crop–Livestock Systems In Different Ecoregions Ofthe United States, R Mark Sulc, Alan J. Franzluebbers

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

Large-scale, energy-intensive, specialized production systems have dominated agricultural production inthe United States for the past half-century. Although highly productive and economically successful, thereis increasing concern with unintended negative environmental impacts of current agricultural systems.Production systems integrating crops and livestock have potential for providing additional ecosystem ser-vices from agriculture by capturing positive ecological interactions and avoiding negative environmentaloutcomes, while sustaining profitability. A diversity of ecologically sound integrated crop-livestock sys-tems have been and can be employed in different ecoregions: sod-based crop rotations, grazing covercrops in cash-crop rotations, crop residue grazing, sod intercropping, dual-purpose cereal crops, and agro-forestry/silvopasture. Improved technologies in conservation tillage, …

Biochar Impact On Midwestern Mollisols And Maize Nutrient Availability, Natalia Rogovska, David Laird, Samuel J. Rathke, Douglas Karlen

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

Biochar applications have been shown to increase crop yields on acidic and low activity soils in the tropics but fewer positive yield responses have been reported for temperate soils. We hypothesized that even without a yield response, applying biochar to a Midwestern Mollisol could improve soil quality and plant nutrient availability because of the carbon it supplies and its conditioning effect. Eighteen small field plots (23.7m²) on a glacial-till derived soil were established by incorporating 0 to 96 Mg ha⁻¹ of hardwood biochar to a depth of 30 cm. Several soil quality indicators, plant nutrient availability, uptake, …

Responses Of Predatory Invertebrates To Seeding Density And Plantspecies Richness In Experimental Tallgrass Prairie Restorations, Kristine T. Nemec, Craig R. Allen, Stephen D. Danielson, Christopher J. Helzer

Nebraska Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit: Staff Publications

In recent decades, agricultural producers and non-governmental organizations have restored thousandsof hectares of former cropland in the central United States with native grasses and forbs. However,the ability of these grassland restorations to attract predatory invertebrates has not been well docu-mented, even though predators provide an important ecosystem service to agricultural producers bynaturally regulating herbivores. This study assessed the effects of plant richness and seeding density onthe richness and abundance of surface-dwelling (ants, ground beetles, and spiders) and aboveground(ladybird beetles) predatory invertebrates. In the spring of 2006, twenty-four 55 m × 55 m-plots wereplanted to six replicates in each of four …

Response Of Fusarium Thapsinum To Sorghum Brown Midrib Lines And To Phenolic Metabolites, Deanna L. Funnell-Harris, Scott E. Sattler, Jeffrey F. Pedersen

Department of Plant Pathology: Faculty Publications

Sorghum lines were bred for reduced lignin for cellulosic bioenergy uses, through the incorporation of brown midrib (bmr)6 or -12 into two backgrounds (RTx430 and Wheatland) as either single or doublemutant lines. When these lines were assessed for resistance to Fusarium thapsinum stalk rot, a cause of lodging, they were as resistant to F. thapsinum as the near-isogenic wild type. Peduncles of newly identified bmr lines from an ethyl-methanesulfonate-mutagenized population, inoculated with F. thapsinum, were as resistant as the wild-type line, BTx623. One bmr line (1107) had significantly smaller mean lesion lengths than BTx623, suggesting that a mutation …

The Effect Of Technology On Obesity Rates, Derek Juracek

Nebraska College Preparatory Academy: Senior Capstone Projects

Obesity is the condition of having too much excess body fat

•5th leading global cause of death

•2nd most preventable death in the United States

•Obesity can lead to diabetes, high blood pressure, artery disease, vascular disease, heart attacks, and much more

•Technology has created processed foods, less physical activity and many technological advances, making life much too convenient

Consuming Fire Ants Reduces Northern Bobwhite Survival And Weight Gain, P. Evans Myers, Craig R. Allen, Hannah E. Birge

Nebraska Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit: Staff Publications

Northern bobwhite quail, Colinus virginianus (L.) (Galliformes: Odontophoridae), population declines are well documented, but pinpointing the reasons for these decreases has proven elusive. Bobwhite population declines are attributed primarily to loss of habitat and land use changes. This, however, does not entirely explain population declines in areas intensively managed for bobwhites. Although previous research demonstrates the negative impact of red imported fire ant (Solenopsis invicta Buren) (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) on northern bobwhites, the mechanisms underlying this effect are largely unknown. To meet the protein demands of early growth and development, bobwhite chicks predominantly consume small insects, of which ants are …

Consistency And Recanting Of Ever-Smoking Status Reported By Self And Proxy Respondents One Year Apart, Julia N. Soulakova, Lisa J. Crockett

Department of Psychology: Faculty Publications

The study examined consistency of reports concerning current and prior smoking behaviors. Data came from the 2002–2003 Tobacco Use Supplement to the Current Population Survey, where the current smoking behaviors and smoking history were reported by self- and proxy-respondents on two occasions, one year apart. The ever-smoking status is reported consistently, overall: Kappa coefficient is 0.78 with the corresponding 95% confidence interval given by (0.77, 0.78). One specific type of inconsistency of prior reports was assessed for respondents who were identified as never smokers at the latter assessment and former or current smokers at the earlier assessment. Based on the …

Predictors Of Cognitive Enhancement After Training In Preschoolers From Diverse Socioeconomic Backgrounds, M. Soledad Segretin, Sebastian J. Lipina, M. Julia Hermida, Tiffany D. Sheffield, Jennifer M. Nelson, Kimberly A. Espy, Jorge A. Colombo

Department of Psychology: Faculty Publications

The association between socioeconomic status and child cognitive development, and the positive impact of interventions aimed at optimizing cognitive performance, are well-documented. However, few studies have examined how specific socio-environmental factors may moderate the impact of cognitive interventions among poor children. In the present study, we examined how such factors predicted cognitive trajectories during the preschool years, in two samples of children from Argentina, who participated in two cognitive training programs (CTPs) between the years 2002 and 2005: the School Intervention Program (SIP;N=745) and the Cognitive Training Program (CTP;N=333). In both programs children were trained weekly for 16 week sand …

Distillers Grains Supplementation In A Forage System With Spayed Heifers, Kari L. Gillespie, Terry J. Klopfenstein, James C. Macdonald Donald, Brandon L. Nuttelman, Cody J. Schneider, Jerry D. Volesky, Galen Erickson

Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports

Spayed heifers were developed into yearlings by grazing corn residue and bromegrass, followed by native range, and were finished on a common diet. Treatments were 2 lb or 5 lb of wet distillers grains with solubles (WDGS; DM basis) supplement on corn residue daily, and modified distillers grains with solubles (MDGS) fed at 0.6% BW daily or no MDGS during summer grazing. Feeding 5 lb increased winter ADG by 0.68 lb (year 1) or 0.40 lb (year 2) compared to 2 lb, and increased HCW after finishing. Summer supplementation increased summer ADG by 0.50 lb (year 1) or 0. 44 …

Comparison Of Long-Term Progestin-Based Synchronization Protocols On Fixed-Time Ai Pregnancy Rate In Beef Heifers, Rebecca A. Vraspir, Adam F. Summers, Doug O'Hare Hare, Larry D. Rowden, Rick N. Funston

Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports

Yearling Angus heifers at a commercial ranch in the Nebraska Sandhills were randomly assigned to one of two progestin-based fixed-time AI protocols (MGA or 14-day CIDR) to compare pregnancy rates. Heifers had similar fixed-time AI pregnancy rates between MGA and 14-day CIDR. A similar proportion of MGA and 14-day CIDR heifers displayed a second estrus; however, heifers previously synchronized with MGA tended to have a greater second AI pregnancy rate. Overall pregnancy rate was similar between MGA and 14-day CIDR treatments. The MGA system was the more cost effective synchronization protocol in this study.

Water Resources And The Historic Wells Of Barbuda: Tradition, Heritage And Hope For A Sustainable Future, Rebecca Boger, Sophia Perdikaris, Amy E. Potter, John Mussington, Reginald Murphy, Louise Thomas, Calvin Gore, Dwight Finch

Department of Anthropology: Faculty Publications

The island of Barbuda has a relatively unique history, land tenure and geography. Unlike its Caribbean counterparts, the island is not suited to large-scale agriculture due to its arid climate and relatively thin soils. Instead, the enslaved and eventually free people of Barbuda developed a complex herding ecology centered on common land ownership. As a result, carefully designed historic wells are strategically located around the island. With the challenges brought about by climate change, an interdisciplinary, international team led by the Barbuda Research Complex is investigating the state of existing water and food resources and examining how the availability and …

Two Soybean Plant Introductions Display Slow Leaf Wilting And Reduced Yield Loss Under Drought, S. M. Pathan, J.-D Lee, D. A. Sleper, F. B. Fritschi, R. E. Sharp, T. E. Carter Jr., R. L. Nelson, C. A. King, W. T. Schapaugh, M. R. Ellersieck, H. T. Nguyen, J. G. Shannon

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

Due to high costs of irrigation, limited availability of irrigation water in many locations and/or lack of irrigation capabilities, genetic improvement for drought tolerance is an effective method to reduce yield loss in soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.]. Slow wilting and minimal yield reduction under drought are important traits in evaluating drought tolerance. Two maturity group III soybean plant introductions (PIs, PI 567690 and PI 567731) and two elite cultivars (DKB38-52 and Pana) were evaluated with and without irrigation on a sandy soil. Drought was imposed by withholding irrigation at full bloom and continued until moderate wilting was shown by …

Use Of Robust Multivariate Linear Mixed Models For Estimation Of Genetic Parameters For Carcass Traits In Beef Cattle, S. O. Peters, K. Kizilkaya, D. J. Garrick, R. L. Fernando, E. J. Pollak, R. Mark Enns, M. De Donato, O. O. Ajayi, I. G. Imumorin

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

Assumptions of normality of residuals for carcass evaluation may make inferences vulnerable to the presence of outliers, but heavy-tail densities are viable alternatives to normal distributions and provide robustness against unusual or outlying observations when used to model the densities of residual effects. We compare estimates of genetic parameters by fitting multivariate Normal (MN) or heavy-tail distributions (multivariate Student’s t and multivariate Slash, MSt and MS) for residuals in data of hot carcass weight (HCW), longissimus muscle area (REA) and 12th to 13th rib fat (FAT) traits in beef cattle using 2475 records from 2007 to 2008 from a large …

Effects Of Including Saponins (Micro-Aid®) On Intake, Rumenfermentation And Digestibility In Steers Fed Low-Qualityprairie Hay, C. P. Murphy, A. J. Sexten, G. L. Mourer, E. D. Sharman, S. J. Trojan, M. J. Rinker, W. K. Coblentz, D. L. Lalman

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

Sixteen ruminally cannulated crossbred steers (529 ± 45 kg initial body weight, BW) wereused to evaluate in situ dry matter (DM), neutral detergent fiber (aNDF), and N degrada-tion characteristics of low-quality prairie hay, blood urea-N (BUN) and rumen fermentationparameters in steers provided a protein supplement with or without Micro-Aid^®(MA; plantderived saponin). Steers were allowed ad libitum access to chopped prairie hay (49 g crudeprotein (CP)/kg DM and 738 g aNDF/kg DM) and randomly assigned to one of four treat-ments: (1) no supplement (C), (2) cottonseed meal and wheat middlings: 920 g DM/d (PC;positive control), (3) MA added to …

Inter-Relationships Of Cotton Plant Height, Canopy Width, Ground Coverand Plant Nitrogen Status Indicators, F. M. Muharam, K. F. Bronson, S. J. Maas, G. L. Ritchie

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

Petiole-NO₃, leaf N and chlorophyll (SPAD) meter readings are good in-season indicators of the N statusof the uppermost part of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) plants. Petiole-NO₃, particularly is widely used inthe USA as an in-season plant N test that guides N fertilizer recommendations in cotton. However, theseN status indicators do not take account of plant biomass, canopy width or percent cover. The objectives ofthis study were to assess the effect of N fertilizer rates on the commonly used indicators of plant N status;leaf N, petiole sap NO₃and chlorophyll meter (SPAD) readings and …

Effects Of Including Saponins (Micro-Aid®) On Intake, Rumenfermentation And Digestibility In Steers Fed Low-Qualityprairie Hay, C P. Mcmurphy, A J. Sexten, G L. Mourer, E D. Sharman, S J. Trojan, M J. Rincker, W K. Coblentz, D L. Lalman

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

Sixteen ruminally cannulated crossbred steers (529 ± 45 kg initial body weight, BW) wereused to evaluate in situ dry matter (DM), neutral detergent fiber (aNDF), and N degrada-tion characteristics of low-quality prairie hay, blood urea-N (BUN) and rumen fermentationparameters in steers provided a protein supplement with or without Micro-Aid®(MA; plantderived saponin). Steers were allowed ad libitum access to chopped prairie hay (49 g crudeprotein (CP)/kg DM and 738 g aNDF/kg DM) and randomly assigned to one of four treat-ments: (1) no supplement (C), (2) cottonseed meal and wheat middlings: 920 g DM/d (PC;positive control), (3) MA added to PC to …

Selection For Biomass Yield In Upland, Lowland, And Hybrid Switchgrass, Michael D. Casler, Kenneth P. Vogel

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

Switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.) is a candidate for cellulosic bioenergy feedstock development in many parts of North America, Europe, and Asia. Breeding for increased biomass yield is a viable and desirable research objective to improve both economic and energy yields per hectare. The objectives of this study were to estimate progress from (i) selection for biomass yield in upland switchgrass, (ii) selection for winter survival, biomass yield, and biomass quality in lowland switchgrass, and (iii) advanced-generation heterosis effects in four upland × lowland hybrid switchgrass populations. Selection for increased biomass yield in upland switchgrass resulted in mean genetic gains …

Predictors Of Head Start And Child-Care Providers’ Healthful And Controlling Feeding Practices With Children Aged 2 To 5 Years, Dipti A. Dev, Brent A. Mcbride, Katherine E. Speirs, Sharon M. Donovan, Hyun Keun Cho

Department of Child, Youth, and Family Studies: Faculty Publications

Few child-care providers meet the national recommendations for healthful feeding practices. Effective strategies are needed to address this disparity, but research examining influences on child-care providers’ feeding practices is limited. The purpose of this study was to identify determinants of child-care providers’ healthful and controlling feeding practices for children aged 2 to 5 years. In this cross-sectional study, child-care providers (n = 118) from 24 center-based programs (six Head Start [HS], 11 Child and Adult Care Food Program [CACFP] funded, and seven non-CACFP) completed selfadministered surveys during 2011-2012. Multilevel multivariate linear regression models were used to predict seven feeding practices.Working …

Salmonella Enterica Serovar Typhimurium-Infected Pigs With Different Shedding Levels Exhibit Distinct Clinical, Peripheral Cytokine And Transcriptomic Immune Response Phenotypes, Susan Knetter, Shawn Bearson, Ting-Hua Huang, Dason Kurkiewicz, Martine Schroyen, Dan Nettleton, Daniel Berman, Valorie Cohen, Joan Lunney, Amanda Ramer-Tait, Michael Wannemuehler, Christopher Tuggle

Department of Food Science and Technology: Faculty Publications

Foodborne salmonellosis costs the US $2.7 billion/year, including $100.0 million in annual losses to pork producers. Pigs colonized with Salmonella are usually asymptomatic with varied severity and duration of fecal shedding. Thus, understanding the responses that result in less shedding may provide a mechanism for control. Fifty-four pigs were inoculated with Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium (ST) and clinical signs, fecal ST shedding, growth performance, peripheral cytokines and whole blood gene expression were measured. Persistently shedding (PS) pigs had longer pyrexia and elevated serum IL-1β, TNF-α and IFN-ϒcompared with low shedding (LS) pigs, while LS pigs had brief pyrexia, less shedding …

From Prediction To Function Using Evolutionary Genomics: Human-Specific Ecotypes Of Lactobacillus Reuteri Have Diverse Probiotic Functions, Jennifer K. Spinler, Amrita Sontakke, Emily B. Hollister, Susan F. Venable, Phaik Lyn Oh, Miriam A. Balderas, Delphine M.A. Saulnier, Toni-Ann Mistretta, Sridevi Devaraj, Jens Walter, James Versalovic, Sarah K. Highlander

Department of Food Science and Technology: Faculty Publications

The vertebrate gut symbiont Lactobacillus reuteri has diversified into separate clades reflecting host origin. Strains show evidence of host adaptation, but how host-microbe coevolution influences microbial-derived effects on hosts is poorly understood. Emphasizing human-derived strains of L. reuteri, we combined comparative genomic analyses with functional assays to examine variations in host interaction among genetically distinct ecotypes. Within clade II or VI, the genomes of human-derived L. reuteri strains are highly conserved in gene content and at the nucleotide level. Nevertheless, they share only 70-90% of total gene content, indicating differences in functional capacity. Human-associated lineages are distinguished by genes related …

Update Of The Who/Iuis Allergen Nomenclature Database Based On Analysis Of Allergen Sequences, C. Radauer, A. Nandy, F. Ferreira, Richard E. Goodman, J. N. Larsen, J. Lidholm, A. Pomés, M. Raulf-Heimsoth, P. Rozynek, W. R. Thomas, Heimo Breiteneder

Department of Food Science and Technology: Faculty Publications

The IUIS Allergen Nomenclature Sub-Committee, under the auspices of the World Health Organization and the International Union of Immunological Societies, maintains the systematic nomenclature of allergenic proteins and publishes a database of approved allergen names on its Web site, www.allergen.org. In this paper, we summarize updates of allergen names approved at the meetings of the committee in 2011 through 2013. These changes reflect recent progress in identification, cloning, and sequencing of allergens. The goals of this update were to increase consistency in the classification of allergens, isoallergens, and variants and in the incorporation of the evolutionary classification of proteins into …