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Articles 3091 - 3120 of 5498

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Infectious Bursal Disease In Wild Populations Of Turkeys And Sandhill Cranes: Preliminary Findings, Kristen L. Candelora, Marilyn G. Spalding, Stephen A. Nesbitt, Holly S. Sellers, Jeremy Olson, Larry Perrin, Jeannette Parker Jan 2008

Infectious Bursal Disease In Wild Populations Of Turkeys And Sandhill Cranes: Preliminary Findings, Kristen L. Candelora, Marilyn G. Spalding, Stephen A. Nesbitt, Holly S. Sellers, Jeremy Olson, Larry Perrin, Jeannette Parker

Proceedings of the North American Crane Workshop

Captive-reared whooping cranes (Grus americana) released into Florida for the resident reintroduction project experienced unusually high mortality and morbidity during the 1997-1998 and 2001-2002 release seasons (Spalding et al. 2008). Infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) serotype 2 is currently under investigation as the factor that precipitated the mortality events. A small percentage of whooping cranes have been exposed to IBDV in the captive setting. However, many more are being exposed postrelease, and prevalence of exposure seems to increase with age or length of time the birds are in the wild in Florida (Spalding et al. 2008). The goals …

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Reproductive Health Of The Florida Flock Of Introduced Whooping Cranes, Marilyn G. Spalding, Martin J. Folk, Stephen A. Nesbitt Jan 2008

Reproductive Health Of The Florida Flock Of Introduced Whooping Cranes, Marilyn G. Spalding, Martin J. Folk, Stephen A. Nesbitt

Proceedings of the North American Crane Workshop

We examined the reproductive parameters of the introduced non-migratory flock of whooping cranes in Florida. Of 289 cranes introduced, 67 males and 65 females survived at least 3 years. The first behavioral pairs appeared in 1995, and eggs were first laid in 1999. In total, eggs were laid in 47 nests, 17 chicks hatched, and 4 young fledged by 2005. Severe drought conditions through 2001 were thought to be the reason for low reproductive nest success. In 2003 nesting conditions improved and 71% of nests with eggs, hatched chicks. During the next 2 years, with continued wet conditions, the proportion …

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West Nile Encephalitis In A Captive Florida Sandhill Crane, Cristina M. Hansen, Barry K. Hartup, Olga D. Gonzalez, Douglas E. Lyman, Howard Steinberg Jan 2008

West Nile Encephalitis In A Captive Florida Sandhill Crane, Cristina M. Hansen, Barry K. Hartup, Olga D. Gonzalez, Douglas E. Lyman, Howard Steinberg

Proceedings of the North American Crane Workshop

A 37 year old captive male Florida sandhill crane (Grus canadensis pratensis) housed at the International Crane Foundation exhibited abnormal neurologic signs in the fall of 2006. Despite therapy and supportive care, the neurologic signs worsened and the crane was euthanized after 6 days. Antemortem and postmortem serum was positive for flavivirus antibody, and a cloacal swab was positive for West Nile virus (WNV) by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Pectoral muscle atrophy and multifocal myocardial necrosis were observed at necropsy. Histopathologic findings included inflammatory and necrotic lesions in sections of brain, spinal cord, eye, heart, blood …

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Adaptation Of The Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Envelope Glycoproteins To New World Monkey Receptors, Beatriz Pacheco, Stephane Basmaciogullari, Jason A. Labonte, Shi-Hua Xiang, Joseph Sodroski Jan 2008

Adaptation Of The Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Envelope Glycoproteins To New World Monkey Receptors, Beatriz Pacheco, Stephane Basmaciogullari, Jason A. Labonte, Shi-Hua Xiang, Joseph Sodroski

Nebraska Center for Virology: Faculty Publications

Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection encounters an early block in the cells of New World monkeys because the CD4 receptor does not efficiently support HIV-1 entry. We adapted HIV-1(NL4-3) and HIV-1(KB9), two HIV-1 variants with different envelope glycoproteins, to replicate efficiently in cells expressing the CD4 and CXCR4 proteins of the common marmoset, a New World monkey. The HIV-1(NL4-3) adaptation involves three gp120 changes that result in a specific increase in affinity for the marmoset CD4 glycoprotein. The already high affinity of the HIV-1(KB9) envelope glycoproteins for marmoset CD4 did not significantly change as a result of the …

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Phase 2a Trial Of 0, 1, And 3 Month And 0, 7, And 28 Day Immunization Schedules Of Malaria Vaccine Rts,S/As02 In Malaria-Naive Adults At The Walter Reed Army Institute Of Research, Kent E. Kester, James F. Cummings, Christian F. Ockenhouse, Robin Nielsen, B. Ted Hall, Daniel M. Gordon, Robert J. Schwenk, Urszula Krzych, Carolyn A. Holland, Gregory Richmond, Megan G. Dowler, Jackie Williams, Robert A. Wirtz, Nadia Tornieporth, Laurence Vigneron, Martine Delchambre, Marie-Ange Demoitie, W. Ripley Ballou, Joe Cohen, D. Gray Heppner Jr. Jan 2008

Phase 2a Trial Of 0, 1, And 3 Month And 0, 7, And 28 Day Immunization Schedules Of Malaria Vaccine Rts,S/As02 In Malaria-Naive Adults At The Walter Reed Army Institute Of Research, Kent E. Kester, James F. Cummings, Christian F. Ockenhouse, Robin Nielsen, B. Ted Hall, Daniel M. Gordon, Robert J. Schwenk, Urszula Krzych, Carolyn A. Holland, Gregory Richmond, Megan G. Dowler, Jackie Williams, Robert A. Wirtz, Nadia Tornieporth, Laurence Vigneron, Martine Delchambre, Marie-Ange Demoitie, W. Ripley Ballou, Joe Cohen, D. Gray Heppner Jr.

United States Army: Publications

Background: Immunization with RTS,S/AS02 consistently protects some vaccinees against malaria infection in experimental challenges and in field trials. A brief immunization schedule against falciparum malaria would be compatible with the Expanded Programme on Immunization, or in combination with other prevention measures, interrupt epidemic malaria or protect individuals upon sudden travel to an endemic area.
Methods: We conducted an open label, Phase 2a trial of two different full dose schedules of RTS,S/AS02 in 40 healthy malaria-naıve adults. Cohort 1 (n = 20) was immunized on a 0, 1, and 3 month schedule and Cohort 2 (n = 20) on a 0, …

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Influenza Immunization And Subsequent Diagnoses Of Group A Streptococcus-Illnesses Among U.S. Army Trainees, 2002–2006, Seung-Eun Lee, Angelia Eick, Michael S. Bloom, John F. Brundage Jan 2008

Influenza Immunization And Subsequent Diagnoses Of Group A Streptococcus-Illnesses Among U.S. Army Trainees, 2002–2006, Seung-Eun Lee, Angelia Eick, Michael S. Bloom, John F. Brundage

United States Army: Publications

To assess the association between influenza immunization and subsequent diagnosis of group A streptococcus (GAS)-illness in Army recruits during influenza seasons 2002–2006. A case–control study was employed with cases as trainees with outpatient GAS diagnosis (ICD-9-CM codes: 034.0, 035, 038.0, 041.01, 320.2, 390–392, 482.31) during the influenza season, and controls as trainees with no outpatient GAS diagnosis during the influenza season. Primary exposure was influenza immunization during 1st September to 30th April of each season. Estimated protective effects of influenza immunization against GAS-illness ranged from 50% to 77%. A strong protective effect was suggested for Army trainee influenza immunization on …

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Moderate Zinc Restriction Affects Intestinal Health And Immune Function In Lipopolysaccharide-Challenged Mice, Daniel G. Peterson, Angus G. Scrimgeour, James P. Mcclung, Elizabeth A. Koutsos Jan 2008

Moderate Zinc Restriction Affects Intestinal Health And Immune Function In Lipopolysaccharide-Challenged Mice, Daniel G. Peterson, Angus G. Scrimgeour, James P. Mcclung, Elizabeth A. Koutsos

United States Army: Publications

Zinc (Zn) is an essential nutrient that affects immune function, especially within the digestive system, although the underlying mechanisms are not well understood. This study examined the effects of short-term moderate Zn restriction on intestinal health and immune function in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-challenged mice through plasma cytokine profiling and histological evaluation of intestinal tissue sections. Adult male mice were fed with a Zn-adequate (40 ppm) or a Zn-marginal (4 ppm) diet for 4 weeks, and then a bacterial challenge was simulated by intraperitoneal injection of LPS (10 μg/g body weight [BW]) or saline (control). BW was recorded weekly, and feed intake …

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Chronic Wasting Disease In A Wisconsin White-Tailed Deer Farm, Delwyn P. Keane, Daniel J. Barr, Phillip N. Bochsler, S. Mark Hall, Thomas Gidlewski, Katherine I. O'Rourke, Terry R. Spraker, Michael D. Samuel Jan 2008

Chronic Wasting Disease In A Wisconsin White-Tailed Deer Farm, Delwyn P. Keane, Daniel J. Barr, Phillip N. Bochsler, S. Mark Hall, Thomas Gidlewski, Katherine I. O'Rourke, Terry R. Spraker, Michael D. Samuel

Zoonotics and Wildlife Disease: Publications

In September 2002, chronic wasting disease (CWD), a prion disorder of captive and wild cervids, was diagnosed in a white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) from a captive farm in Wisconsin. The facility was subsequently quarantined, and in January 2006 the remaining 76 deer were depopulated. Sixty animals (79%) were found to be positive by immunohistochemical staining for the abnormal prion protein (PrPCWD) in at least one tissue; the prevalence of positive staining was high even in young deer. Although none of the deer displayed clinical signs suggestive of CWD at depopulation, 49 deer had considerable accumulation of …

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The Minimum Information About A Genome Sequence (Migs) Specification, Dawn Field, George Garrity, Tanya Gray, Norman Morrison, Jeremy Selengut, Peter Sterk, Tatiana Tatusova, Nicholas Thomson, Michael J. Allen, Samuel V. Angiuoli, Michael Ashburner, Nelson Axelrod, Sandra Baldauf, Stuart Ballard, Jeffrey Boore, Guy Cochrane, James Cole, Peter Dawyndt, Paul De Vos, Claude Depamphilis, Robert Edwards, Nadeem Faruque, Robert Feldman, Jack Gilbert, Paul Gilna, Frank Oliver Glöckner, Philip Goldstein, Robert Guralnick, Dan Haft, David Hancock, Henning Hermjakob, Christiane Hertz-Fowler, Phil Hugenholtz, Ian Joint, Leonid Kagan, Matthew Kane, Jessie Kennedy, George Kowalchuk, Renzo Kottmann, Eugene Kolker, Saul Kravitz, Nikos Kyrpides, Jim Leebens-Mack, Suzanna E. Lewis, Kelvin Li, Allyson L. Lister, Phillip Lord, Natalia Maltsev, Victor Markowitz, Jennifer Martiny, Barbara Methe, Ilene Mizrachi, Richard Moxon, Karen Nelson, Julian Parkhill, Lita Proctor, Owen White, Susanna-Assunta Sansone, Andrew Spiers, Robert Stevens, Paul Swift, Chris Taylor, Yoshio Tateno, Adrian Tett, Sarah Turner, David Ussery, Bob Vaughan, Naomi Ward, Trish Whetzel, Ingio San Gil, Gareth Wilson, Anil Wipat Jan 2008

The Minimum Information About A Genome Sequence (Migs) Specification, Dawn Field, George Garrity, Tanya Gray, Norman Morrison, Jeremy Selengut, Peter Sterk, Tatiana Tatusova, Nicholas Thomson, Michael J. Allen, Samuel V. Angiuoli, Michael Ashburner, Nelson Axelrod, Sandra Baldauf, Stuart Ballard, Jeffrey Boore, Guy Cochrane, James Cole, Peter Dawyndt, Paul De Vos, Claude Depamphilis, Robert Edwards, Nadeem Faruque, Robert Feldman, Jack Gilbert, Paul Gilna, Frank Oliver Glöckner, Philip Goldstein, Robert Guralnick, Dan Haft, David Hancock, Henning Hermjakob, Christiane Hertz-Fowler, Phil Hugenholtz, Ian Joint, Leonid Kagan, Matthew Kane, Jessie Kennedy, George Kowalchuk, Renzo Kottmann, Eugene Kolker, Saul Kravitz, Nikos Kyrpides, Jim Leebens-Mack, Suzanna E. Lewis, Kelvin Li, Allyson L. Lister, Phillip Lord, Natalia Maltsev, Victor Markowitz, Jennifer Martiny, Barbara Methe, Ilene Mizrachi, Richard Moxon, Karen Nelson, Julian Parkhill, Lita Proctor, Owen White, Susanna-Assunta Sansone, Andrew Spiers, Robert Stevens, Paul Swift, Chris Taylor, Yoshio Tateno, Adrian Tett, Sarah Turner, David Ussery, Bob Vaughan, Naomi Ward, Trish Whetzel, Ingio San Gil, Gareth Wilson, Anil Wipat

United States Department of Energy: Publications

With the quantity of genomic data increasing at an exponential rate, it is imperative that these data be captured electronically, in a standard format. Standardization activities must proceed within the auspices of open-access and international working bodies. To tackle the issues surrounding the development of better descriptions of genomic investigations, we have formed the Genomic Standards Consortium (GSC). Here, we introduce the minimum information about a genome sequence (MIGS) specification with the intent of promoting participation in its development and discussing the resources that will be required to develop improved mechanisms of metadata capture and exchange. As part of its …

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Cyanobacterial Harmful Algal Blooms: Chapter 38: Integrating Human And Ecological Risk Assessment: Application To The Cyanobacterial Harmful Algal Bloom Problem, Jennifer Orme-Zavaleta, Wayne Munns, Jr. Jan 2008

Cyanobacterial Harmful Algal Blooms: Chapter 38: Integrating Human And Ecological Risk Assessment: Application To The Cyanobacterial Harmful Algal Bloom Problem, Jennifer Orme-Zavaleta, Wayne Munns, Jr.

United States Environmental Protection Agency: Publications

Environmental and public health policy continues to evolve in response to new and complex social, economic and environmental drivers. Globalization and centralization of commerce, evolving patterns of land use (e.g., urbanization, deforestation), and technological advances in such areas as manufacturing and development of genetically modified foods have created new and complex classes of stressors and risks (e.g., climate change, emergent and opportunist disease, sprawl, genomic change). In recognition of these changes, environmental risk assessment and its use are changing from stressor-endpoint specific assessments used in command and control types of decisions to an integrated approach for application in communitybased decisions. …

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Cyanobacterial Harmful Algal Blooms: Chapter 15: Cyanotoxins Workgroup Report, Rex Pegram, Andrew Humpage, Brett Neilan, Maria Runnegar, Tonya Nichols, Robert Thacker, Stephan Pflugmacher, Stacey Etheridge, Adam Love Jan 2008

Cyanobacterial Harmful Algal Blooms: Chapter 15: Cyanotoxins Workgroup Report, Rex Pegram, Andrew Humpage, Brett Neilan, Maria Runnegar, Tonya Nichols, Robert Thacker, Stephan Pflugmacher, Stacey Etheridge, Adam Love

United States Environmental Protection Agency: Publications

The Cyanotoxins Workgroup was charged with the identification and prioritization of research needs associated with: the identification of cyanotoxins; toxicokinetics and toxicodynamics of cyanotoxins; human susceptibility to the toxins; cyanobacterial genetics/omics and factors for inclusion in predictive models of toxin production; and risk reduction from an intentional or accidental release of cyanotoxins. Papers presented for the Cyanotoxins Session of the symposium on toxin types, toxicokinetics, and toxicodyamics (See Humpage this volume), cyanobacterial genetics of toxin production (See Neilan this volume), and parameters related to human risks from cyanobacterial exposure (See Love this volume) set the stage for Cyanotoxins Workgroup discussions. …

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Distribution And Environmental Limitations Of An Amphibian Pathogen In The Rocky Mountains, Usa, Erin Muths, David S. Pilliod, Lauren J. Livo Jan 2008

Distribution And Environmental Limitations Of An Amphibian Pathogen In The Rocky Mountains, Usa, Erin Muths, David S. Pilliod, Lauren J. Livo

United States Geological Survey: Staff Publications

Amphibian populations continue to be imperiled by the chytrid fungus (Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis). Understanding where B. dendrobatidis (Bd) occurs and how it may be limited by environmental factors is critical to our ability to effectively conserve the amphibians affected by Bd. We sampled 1247 amphibians (boreal toads and surrogates) at 261 boreal toad (Bufo boreas) breeding sites (97 clusters) along an 11° latitudinal gradient in the Rocky Mountains to determine the distribution of B. dendrobatidis and examine environmental factors, such as temperature and elevation, that might affect its distribution. The fungus was detected at …

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Blood Parasites In Owls With Conservation Implications For The Spotted Owl (Strix Occidentalis), Heather D. Ishak, John P. Dumbacher, Nancy L. Anderson, John J. Keane, Gediminas Valkiūnas, Susan M. Haig, Lisa A. Tell, Ravinder N. M. Sehgal Jan 2008

Blood Parasites In Owls With Conservation Implications For The Spotted Owl (Strix Occidentalis), Heather D. Ishak, John P. Dumbacher, Nancy L. Anderson, John J. Keane, Gediminas Valkiūnas, Susan M. Haig, Lisa A. Tell, Ravinder N. M. Sehgal

United States Geological Survey: Staff Publications

The three subspecies of Spotted Owl (Northern, Strix occidentalis caurina; California, S. o. occidentalis; and Mexican, S. o. lucida) are all threatened by habitat loss and range expansion of the Barred Owl (S. varia). An unaddressed threat is whether Barred Owls could be a source of novel strains of disease such as avian malaria (Plasmodium spp.) or other blood parasites potentially harmful for Spotted Owls. Although Barred Owls commonly harbor Plasmodium infections, these parasites have not been documented in the Spotted Owl. We screened 111 Spotted Owls, 44 Barred Owls, and 387 owls …

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Grenetic Evidence Of Intercontinental Movement Of Avian Influenza In A Migratory Bird: The Northern Pintail (Anas Acuta), Anson V. Koehler, John M. Pearce, Paul L. Flint, J. Christian Franson, Hon S. Ip Jan 2008

Grenetic Evidence Of Intercontinental Movement Of Avian Influenza In A Migratory Bird: The Northern Pintail (Anas Acuta), Anson V. Koehler, John M. Pearce, Paul L. Flint, J. Christian Franson, Hon S. Ip

United States Geological Survey: Staff Publications

The role of migratory birds in the movement of the highly pathogenic (HP) avian influenza H5N1 remains a subject of debate. Testing hypotheses regarding intercontinental movement of low pathogenic avian influenza (LPAI) viruses will help evaluate the potential that wild birds could carry Asian-origin strains of HP avian influenza to North America during migration. Previous North American assessments of LPAI genetic variation have found few Asian reassortment events. Here, we present results from whole-genome analyses of LPAI isolates collected in Alaska from the northern pintail (Anas acuta), a species that migrates between North America and Asia. Phylogenetic analyses …

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Scwds Briefs: Volume 23, Number 4 (January 2008), Gary L. Doster , Editor, Scwds Briefs, Michael J. Yabsley Jan 2008

Scwds Briefs: Volume 23, Number 4 (January 2008), Gary L. Doster , Editor, Scwds Briefs, Michael J. Yabsley

Southeastern Cooperative Wildlife Disease Study: Publications

Table of Contents:

Orbiviruses New & Old - What Do We Need to Know?

Orbivirus Vector Surveys

Studies on H5N1 HPAI Virus in Swans and Geese

Dr. Justin Brown Awards

Impacted Turkey Gizzard

Regional Disease Workshops in 2008-09

Dove Disease Research at SCWDS

Some Staff Changes

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Review Of Animal Noroviruses, A. Scipioni, A. Mauroy, J. Vinje, E. Thiry Jan 2008

Review Of Animal Noroviruses, A. Scipioni, A. Mauroy, J. Vinje, E. Thiry

United States Public Health Resources

Among enteric caliciviruses, noroviruses belong to the genus Norovirus, one of the four accepted genera in the family Caliciviridae. These single-stranded, positive-sense RNA viruses are highly variable both genetically and antigenically. Several animal enteric caliciviruses that are morphologically indistinguishable and genetically closely related to human noroviruses have been identified. The first bovine enteric noroviruses were described in Great Britain and are known as Newbury Agent 2. At least three genetic clusters of porcine noroviruses join together within genogroup II noroviruses. Human noroviruses are the most important cause of acute gastroenteritis illness in people of all ages. In the …

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Tick [Genome Mapping], Amy J. Ullmann, Jeffrey J. Stuart, Catherine A. Hill Jan 2008

Tick [Genome Mapping], Amy J. Ullmann, Jeffrey J. Stuart, Catherine A. Hill

United States Public Health Resources

Ticks (subphylum Chelicerata: class Arachnida: subclass Acari: superorder Parasitiformes: order Ixodidae) are obligate blood-feeding ectoparasites of global medical and veterinary importance. Ticks live on all continents of the world (Steen et al. 2006). There are approximately 899 species of ticks; the majority are ectoparasites of wildlife and approximately 10% of these are recognized as disease vectors or for their ability to cause direct damage through blood feeding (Jongejan and Uilenberg 2004). Ticks transmit a greater variety of viruses, bacteria, and protozoa than any other blood-feeding arthropod (Dennis and Piesman 2005) and are second only to mosquitoes in terms of their …

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Host And Vector Movement Affects Genetic Diversity And Spatial Structure Of Buggy Creek Virus (Togaviridae), Charles R. Brown, Mary Bomberger Brown, Abinash Padhi, Jerome E. Foster, Amy T. Moore, Martin Pfeffer, Nicholas Komar Jan 2008

Host And Vector Movement Affects Genetic Diversity And Spatial Structure Of Buggy Creek Virus (Togaviridae), Charles R. Brown, Mary Bomberger Brown, Abinash Padhi, Jerome E. Foster, Amy T. Moore, Martin Pfeffer, Nicholas Komar

United States Public Health Resources

Determining the degree of genetic variability and spatial structure of arthropod-borne viruses (arboviruses) may help in identifying where strains that potentially cause epidemics or epizootics occur. Genetic diversity in arboviruses is assumed to reflect relative mobility of their vertebrate hosts (and invertebrate vectors), with highly mobile hosts such as birds leading to genetic similarity of viruses over large areas. There are no empirical studies that have directly related host or vector movement to virus genetic diversity and spatial structure. Using the entire E2 glycoprotein-coding region of 377 Buggy Creek virus isolates taken from cimicid swallow bugs (Oeciacus vicarius), …

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Toward Vocabulary Control For Chief Complaint, Stephanie W. Haas, Debbie Travers, Judith E. Tintinalli, Daniel Pollock, Anna Waller, Edward Barthell, Catharine Burt, Wendy Chapman, Kevin Coonan, Donald Kamens, James Mcclay Jan 2008

Toward Vocabulary Control For Chief Complaint, Stephanie W. Haas, Debbie Travers, Judith E. Tintinalli, Daniel Pollock, Anna Waller, Edward Barthell, Catharine Burt, Wendy Chapman, Kevin Coonan, Donald Kamens, James Mcclay

United States Public Health Resources

The chief complaint (CC) is the data element that documents the patient’s reason for visiting the emergency department (ED). The need for a CC vocabulary has been acknowledged at national meetings and in multiple publications, but to our knowledge no groups have specifically focused on the requirements and development plans for a CC vocabulary. The national consensus meeting ‘‘Towards Vocabulary Control for Chief Complaint’’ was convened to identify the potential uses for ED CC and to develop the framework for CC vocabulary control. The 10-point consensus recommendations for action were 1) begin to develop a controlled vocabulary for CC, 2) …

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Animal-Side Serologic Assay For Rapid Detection Of Mycobacterium Bovis Infection In Multiple Species Of Free-Ranging Wildlife, K.P. Lyashchenko, R. Greenwald, J. Esfandiari, M.A. Chambers, J. Vicente, C. Gortazar, N. Santos, M. Correia-Neves, B.M. Buddle, R. Jackson, D.J. O’Brien, S. Schmitt, M. V. Palmer, R.J. Delahay, W.R. Waters Jan 2008

Animal-Side Serologic Assay For Rapid Detection Of Mycobacterium Bovis Infection In Multiple Species Of Free-Ranging Wildlife, K.P. Lyashchenko, R. Greenwald, J. Esfandiari, M.A. Chambers, J. Vicente, C. Gortazar, N. Santos, M. Correia-Neves, B.M. Buddle, R. Jackson, D.J. O’Brien, S. Schmitt, M. V. Palmer, R.J. Delahay, W.R. Waters

Michigan Bovine Tuberculosis Bibliography and Database

Numerous species of mammals are susceptible to Mycobacterium bovis, the causative agent of bovine tuberculosis (TB). Several wildlife hosts have emerged as reservoirs of M. bovis infection for domestic livestock in different countries. In the present study, blood samples were collected from Eurasian badgers (n = 1532), white-tailed deer (n = 463), brushtail possums (n = 129), and wild boar (n = 177) for evaluation of antibody responses to M. bovis infection by a lateral-flow rapid test (RT) and multiantigen print immunoassay (MAPIA). Magnitude of the antibody responses and antigen recognition patterns varied among the animals as determined by …

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Simian Immunodeficiency Virus–Induced Intestinal Cell Apoptosis Is The Underlying Mechanism Of The Regenerative Enteropathy Of Early Infection, Qingsheng Li, Jacob D. Estes, Lijie Duan, Jose Jessurun, Stefan Pambuccian, Colleen Forster, Stephen Wietgrefe, Mary Zupancic, Timothy Schacker, Cavan Reilly, John V. Carlis, Ashley T. Haase Jan 2008

Simian Immunodeficiency Virus–Induced Intestinal Cell Apoptosis Is The Underlying Mechanism Of The Regenerative Enteropathy Of Early Infection, Qingsheng Li, Jacob D. Estes, Lijie Duan, Jose Jessurun, Stefan Pambuccian, Colleen Forster, Stephen Wietgrefe, Mary Zupancic, Timothy Schacker, Cavan Reilly, John V. Carlis, Ashley T. Haase

Qingsheng Li Publications

The enteropathic manifestations of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and the simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) in late infection are usually due to infection by other microbes, but in early infection the viruses themselves cause an enteropathy by heretofore undetermined mechanisms. Here we report that SIV induces massive apoptosis of intestinal epithelial cells lining the small and large bowel, thus identifying apoptosis as the driving force behind the regenerative pathology of early infection. We found that apoptosis of gut epithelium paralleled the previously documented apoptosis and massive depletion of CD4 T cells in gut lamina propria, triggered by established mechanisms of …

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A Versatile Assay For The Identification Of Rna Silencing Suppressors Based On Complementation Of Viral Movement, Jason G. Powers, Tim L. Sit, Feng Qu, T. Jack Morris, Kook-Hyung Kim, Steven A. Lommel Jan 2008

A Versatile Assay For The Identification Of Rna Silencing Suppressors Based On Complementation Of Viral Movement, Jason G. Powers, Tim L. Sit, Feng Qu, T. Jack Morris, Kook-Hyung Kim, Steven A. Lommel

Nebraska Center for Virology: Faculty Publications

The cell-to-cell movement of Turnip crinkle virus (TCV) in Nicotiana benthamiana requires the presence of its coat protein (CP), a known suppressor of RNA silencing. RNA transcripts of a TCV construct containing a reporter gene (green fluorescent protein) (TCV-sGFP) in place of the CP open reading frame generated foci of three to five cells. TCV CP delivered in trans by Agrobacterium tumefaciens infiltration potentiated movement of TCV-sGFP and increased foci diameter, on average, by a factor of four. Deletion of the TCV movement proteins in TCV-sGFP (construct TCVΔ92-sGFP) abolished the movement complementation ability of TCV CP. Other known suppressors of …

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Archaeoparasitology, Karl J. Reinhard, Adauto Araújo Jan 2008

Archaeoparasitology, Karl J. Reinhard, Adauto Araújo

Department of Anthropology: Faculty Publications

Parasites are the major cause of ill health and early death in the world today. Malaria, sleeping sickness, amoebic dysentery, and hookworm infection are examples of commonplace parasitic diseases that are endemic in most parts of the world (see Health, Healing, and Disease). They were significant threats in prehistory, especially in cultures whose social complexity outstripped the development of effective sanitation, hygiene, and germ theory awareness.

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“Rats And Weeds And Lizards—Oh My!” Eradication Of Rattus Rattus And Control Of Invasive Exotic Plants On Buck Island, U.S. Virgin Islands, D. W. Clark, Z. Hillis-Starr, C. Furqueron Jan 2008

“Rats And Weeds And Lizards—Oh My!” Eradication Of Rattus Rattus And Control Of Invasive Exotic Plants On Buck Island, U.S. Virgin Islands, D. W. Clark, Z. Hillis-Starr, C. Furqueron

United States National Park Service: Publications

Once introduced to an island, non-native rodents can cause considerable damage to the native flora and fauna, including the endangerment of endemic species (Campbell 1989; Witmer et al. 1998). As a result, there have been numerous efforts in recent years to eradicate introduced rats (Rattus spp.) and house mice (Mus musculus) from islands around the world (e.g., Buckle and Fenn 1992; Howald et al. 1999; Billing and Harden 2000; Key and Hudson 2000). Problems caused by introduced roof rats (Rattus rattus) at Buck Island Reef National Monument, St. Croix, U.S. Virgin Islands, have been documented …

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American Society Of Parasitologists Newsletter, V. 30, No. 4, Winter 2008, Scott Lyell Gardner Jan 2008

American Society Of Parasitologists Newsletter, V. 30, No. 4, Winter 2008, Scott Lyell Gardner

American Society of Parasitologists: Newsletter

An issue of the American Society of Parasitologists' quarterly newsletter, also called the Journal of Parasitology Newsletter.

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Feather Molt Of Nonmigratory Whooping Cranes In Florida, Martin J. Folk, Stephen A. Nesbitt, Jeannette M. Parker, Marilyn G. Spalding, Stephen B. Baynes, Kristen L. Candelora Jan 2008

Feather Molt Of Nonmigratory Whooping Cranes In Florida, Martin J. Folk, Stephen A. Nesbitt, Jeannette M. Parker, Marilyn G. Spalding, Stephen B. Baynes, Kristen L. Candelora

Proceedings of the North American Crane Workshop

Molt patterns of wild whooping cranes (Grus americana) are largely unknown, and what knowledge we have has been based on scant data. We documented patterns of feather molt in nonmigratory whooping cranes in Florida during 1993-2005. All birds replaced flight feathers (remiges) in a synchronous (simultaneous) manner and spent time flightless. It took 38-46 days (mean = 44 days, n = 8) for feathers to regrow and birds to regain flight ability. When flightless due to remigial molt, cranes became more secretive and spent more time in wetlands during feather regrowth. Most (70%) whooping cranes first molted their …

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Body Mass Index (Bmi) Of Normal Sandhill Cranes, Stephen A. Nesbitt, Marilyn G. Spalding, Kristen L. Candelora, Paul S. Kubilis, Stephen T. Schwikert Jan 2008

Body Mass Index (Bmi) Of Normal Sandhill Cranes, Stephen A. Nesbitt, Marilyn G. Spalding, Kristen L. Candelora, Paul S. Kubilis, Stephen T. Schwikert

Proceedings of the North American Crane Workshop

We used linear and mass measurements to construct a body mass index (BMI) for 2 subspecies of sandhill cranes (Grus canadensis). We found that BMI declined during the spring and early summer period. We used the BMI to show that juvenile Florida sandhill cranes (G. c. pratensis) reach their full mass at about 270 days of age, near the age at which they begin to leave the company of their parents. We used mensural data to predict a minimum expected mass for normal sandhill cranes which could be then used to evaluate the relative health of …

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Michigan Bovine Tuberculosis Eradication Project: 2008 Activities Report Jan 2008

Michigan Bovine Tuberculosis Eradication Project: 2008 Activities Report

Michigan Bovine Tuberculosis Bibliography and Database

Bovine Tuberculosis (TB) is an infectious disease that is close to being eradicated in the United States, but still poses a significant risk to domestic livestock, wildlife, companion animals, and humans throughout the world. The Michigan Bovine TB Eradication Project involves a multiagency team of experts from the Michigan Departments of Agriculture, Natural Resources and Community Health, Michigan State University, and the US Department of Agriculture.

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Managing Bovine Tuberculosis In White-Tailed Deer In Northwestern Minnesota: A 2008 Progress Report, Michelle Carstensen, Erika Butler, Michael Doncarlos, Lou Cornicelli Jan 2008

Managing Bovine Tuberculosis In White-Tailed Deer In Northwestern Minnesota: A 2008 Progress Report, Michelle Carstensen, Erika Butler, Michael Doncarlos, Lou Cornicelli

Michigan Bovine Tuberculosis Bibliography and Database

Bovine tuberculosis (TB), first discovered in 2005, has now been found in 12 cattle operations in northwestern Minnesota. To date, all of the infected cattle herds have been depopulated and the Board of Animal Health (BAH) has continued to test cattle herds in the area. The strain has been identified as one that is consistent with Bovine TB found in cattle in the southwestern United States and Mexico. In response to the disease being detected in cattle, the Minnesota Department of Natural Resources (MNDNR) began surveillance efforts in free-ranging white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) within a 15-mile radius of …

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Blood Culture And Stimulation Conditions For The Diagnosis Of Tuberculosis In Cervids By The Cervigam Assay, W. R. Waters, M. V. Palmer, T. C. Thacker, K. Orloski, P. Nol, N. P. Harrington, S. C. Olsen, B. J. Nonnecke Jan 2008

Blood Culture And Stimulation Conditions For The Diagnosis Of Tuberculosis In Cervids By The Cervigam Assay, W. R. Waters, M. V. Palmer, T. C. Thacker, K. Orloski, P. Nol, N. P. Harrington, S. C. Olsen, B. J. Nonnecke

Michigan Bovine Tuberculosis Bibliography and Database

Mitogen- and antigen-induced interferon-γ (IFN-γ) responses of peripheral blood leucocytes from cervids were evaluated by a commercial whole-blood assay. The assay was applied to Mycobacterium bovis-infected white-tailed deer and reindeer, M bovis BCG-vaccinated white-tailed deer and elk, and unvaccinated, uninfected white-tailed deer, fallow deer, elk and reindeer. The responses of the M bovis-infected white-tailed deer to pokeweed mitogen (PWM) varied with time and between individuals. The responses of the M bovis-infected reindeer to PWM and M bovis purified protein derivative (PPD) were positively associated. Samples from tuberculosis-free captive herds in various parts of the USA were also …

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